Lymphocytes: he aha lākou a no ke aha e loli ai lākou

Anter

• Nā limu i hoʻololi ʻia
• 1. Nā lymphocytes kiʻekiʻe
• 2. Nā lymphocytes haʻahaʻa
• Nā ʻano o nā lymphocytes
• He aha nā lymphocytes atypical?

ʻO Lymphocytes kekahi ʻano o nā pale pale i ke kino, i ʻike ʻia he mau keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo, i hana ʻia i nā mea nui ke loaʻa ka maʻi, a no laila he hōʻailona maikaʻi i ke kūlana olakino o ka mea maʻi.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke loiloi i ka helu o nā lymphocytes e ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke koko, a ke hoʻonui ʻia lākou, he hōʻailona ia o kahi maʻi a, no laila, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e nīnau i ka mea hana maʻamau e ʻike pono i ka pilikia a hoʻomaka i ka lapaʻau kūpono.

Nā limu i hoʻololi ʻia

Aia nā helu kūmole maʻamau no nā lymphocytes ma waena o 1000 a 5000 mau lymphocytes ma ka mm³ o ke koko, e hōʻike ana i 20 a 50% i ka helu pili, a ʻokoʻa paha e like me ka hale hōʻikeʻike kahi e hōʻike ai ka hōʻike. Ke piʻi aʻe a i ʻole ma lalo o ka helu kuhikuhi nā kumu waiwai, ʻike ʻia kekahi kiʻi o lymphocytosis a i ʻole lymphopenia.

1. Nā lymphocytes kiʻekiʻe

ʻO ka helu o nā lymphocytes ma luna aʻe o nā helu kūmole i kapa ʻia ʻo lymphocytosis a pili pinepine ʻia i nā kaʻina infectious. No laila, ʻo nā kumu nui o ka lymphocytes kiʻekiʻe he:

• ʻO nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi, e like me mononucleosis, polio, measles, rubella, dengue a i ʻole ka maʻi kahe, ʻo kahi laʻana;
• Nā maʻi kūmau, e like me ka maʻi puʻu, malaria;
• Hepatema Viral;
• Hyperthyroidism;
• Peremia weliweli, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hemahema o ka folic acid a me ka huaora B12;
• Poisoning e benzene a me nā metala kaumaha;
• Diabetes;
• Kaʻaihue;
• ʻAhaʻi ʻaʻano.

Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu o nā lymphocytes ke hiki ma muli o nā hanana physiological, e like me nā wahine hāpai a me nā pēpē, a me nā hemahema o ke olakino, e like me ka wikamina C, D a i ʻole ka calcium.

2. Nā lymphocytes haʻahaʻa

ʻO ka helu o nā lymphocytes ma lalo o nā helu kuhikuhi i kapa ʻia ʻo lymphopenia a pili pinepine ʻia i nā hanana e pili ana i ka iwi iwi, e like me ka anemia aplastic a i ʻole leukemia, no ka laʻana. Eia hou, hiki i ka lymphopenia ke hōʻailona o nā maʻi autoimmune, kahi e hana ai ke kino ponoʻī e kūʻē i ka pale pale pale pale, e like me systemic lupus erythematosus, no ka laʻana (SLE).

Hiki nō i ka Lymphopenia ke hana ma muli o ka maʻi SIDA, ka lāʻau hoʻomalu lāʻau immunosuppressive a i ʻole chemotherapy a i ʻole radiotherapy, nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi ʻole, a i ʻole he hopena o nā hanana kaumaha, e like me ka postoperative a me ke kaumaha o ke kino, no ka laʻana.

Nā ʻano o nā lymphocytes

Aia he 2 ʻano nui o nā lymphocytes i loko o ke kino, ʻo lymphocytes B, he mau hunaola ʻole i hana ʻia i loko o ka iwi iwi a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke kahe o ke koko e hana i nā mea pale e kūʻē i nā bacteria, nā mea hoʻomaʻi a me nā fungi, a me nā lymphocytes T, i hana ʻia i ka iwi o ka iwi. akā hoʻomohala ʻia i ka timus a hiki i ka wā e māhele ʻia ai i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu:

• Nā lymphocytes CD4 T: kōkua lākou i nā lymphocytes B e hoʻopau i nā maʻi, ʻo ia ka makaʻala mua o ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO nā maʻa mau kēia nā hunaola mua e hoʻopili ʻia e ka maʻi HIV, a i nā mea maʻi i hōʻike ʻia ke hōʻike koko i kahi waiwai ma lalo o 100 / mm³.
• Nā lymphocytes CD8 T: hoʻemi i ka hana o nā ʻano lymphocytes ʻē aʻe a, no laila, hoʻonui ʻia i nā hihia o ka maʻi HIV;
• ʻO lymphocytes Cytotoxic T: luku i nā hunaola ʻino a maʻi ʻia e nā mea ʻino a i ʻole bacteria.

Eia nō naʻe, pono e wehewehe mau ʻia nā hoʻokolohua o ke ʻano o nā lymphocytes, keu hoʻi o ka ʻano CD4 a i ʻole CD8, e ke kauka e loiloi inā aia ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV, no ka laʻana, ʻoiai hiki i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe ke kumu i ka ʻano like o ka hoʻololi.

No laila, inā he kānalua paha e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV, pono e hana i kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e nānā no ka maʻi ma loko o nā kino o ke kino. E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi HIV.

He aha nā lymphocytes atypical?

ʻO nā lymphocytes atypical nā lymphocytes e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano like ʻole a ʻike ʻia ke maʻamau inā loaʻa nā maʻi, ʻo nā maʻi viral nui, e like me mononucleosis, herpes, AIDS, rubella a me ka moa. Ma waho aʻe o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā maʻi viral, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lymphocytes atypical i ka helu o ke koko ke loaʻa kahi maʻi bacteria, e like me tuberculosis a me syphilis, maʻi e ka protozoa, e like me toxoplasmosis, ke loaʻa ka hypersensitivity i nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi autoimmune, e like me ka lupus.

ʻO ka maʻamau ka helu o kēia mau lymphocytes e hoʻi i ka maʻamau (ʻo ka helu kuhikuhi no nā lymphocytes atypical he 0%) ke hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻākena e hana ana i ka maʻi.

Kuhi ʻia kēia mau lymphocytes e hoʻāla ʻia nā lymphocytes T i hana ʻia i ka pane ʻana i nā ʻano lymphocytes type B a hana i nā hana like e like me nā lymphocytes maʻamau i ka pane pale. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lymphocytes atypical ma mua o nā lymphocytes maʻamau a ʻano ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano.