Ehia mau hui ma ke kino o ke kanaka?

Anter

• Ehia mau ʻano ami i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka?
• Nā ʻano o nā hono neʻe neʻe
• Lawe aku

ʻO ka nīnau o ka nui o nā hono i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka he paʻakikī e pane no ka mea pili ia i ka helu o nā loli. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia:

• Ka wehewehe o nā ami. Hoʻomaopopo kekahi i ka huina ma ke kiko e hoʻopili ai nā iwi 2. ʻLelo kekahi he kiko ia e pili ai nā iwi no ke kumu o ka neʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ke kino.
• Ka hoʻokomo ʻana o sesamoids. ʻO nā Sesamoids nā iwi i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻāʻī, akā ʻaʻole pili i nā iwi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka patella (kneecap) ka sesamoid nui loa. Kūlike ka helu o kēia mau iwi i kēlā me kēia kanaka.
• Ka makahiki o ke kanaka. Hoʻomaka nā pēpē me 270 mau iwi. Hoʻohui pū kekahi o kēia mau iwi i ka wā e ulu ana. Loaʻa i nā mākua ma kahi o 206 mau iwi i kapa ʻia, me 80 i ka iwi axial a me 126 i ka iwi iwi āpau.

I ka pōkole, ʻaʻohe pane paʻa i kēia nīnau. Aia ka helu i manaʻo ʻia ma waena o 250 a 350.

Ehia mau ʻano ami i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka?

ʻEkolu ʻano nui o nā hono o ke kino o ke kanaka. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka neʻe a lākou e ʻae ai:

• Synarthroses (nonovable). Hoʻopaʻa a fibrous ami paha kēia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou he ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau iwi i ka pili pili ʻole i neʻe ʻole. ʻO kahi iwi o ka iwi poʻo he laʻana. ʻO nā hono neʻe ʻole ma waena o nā pā o ka iwi poʻo, ua ʻike ʻia he mau sutures.
• Amphiarthroses (hoʻoneʻe iki). ʻIke pū ʻia me nā hono cartilaginous, wehewehe ʻia kēia mau ami ma ke ʻano he ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha o nā iwi i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia e hiki ai ke neʻe wale ʻia. He laʻana maikaʻi nā vertebrae o ka iwi kuamoʻo.
• Diarthroses (hoʻoneʻe manuahi). ʻIke ʻia hoʻi he mau ami synovial, loaʻa i kēia mau ami i ka wai synovial e hiki ai i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka hui ke neʻe maikaʻi i kekahi i kekahi. ʻO kēia nā hono laha loa i kou kino. ʻO nā laʻana me nā hono e like me ke kuli a me ka poʻohiwi.

Nā ʻano o nā hono neʻe neʻe

Aia he ʻeono ʻano o nā hui diarthrosis hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia (synovial):

• Poepoe a me nā kumu hoʻohui. Ke ʻae nei i ka neʻe ʻana ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau, ke kinipōpō a me nā kumu i hōʻike i ke poʻo o ka iwi āpau e noho ana i loko o ke kīʻaha o kahi iwi ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā laʻana e laʻa me kou hui poʻohiwi a me kou hui pūhaka.
• Huina hui. Ua like ka ami ami me ka puka, wehe a pani i hoʻokahi ala, ma hoʻokahi mokulele. ʻO nā laʻana e laʻa me kou kuʻe lima a me kou hui kuli.
• Huina Condyloid. ʻAe ka ami condyloid i ka neʻe, akā ʻaʻohe hoʻololi. ʻO nā laʻana e laʻa me kou manamana lima a me kou ā.
• Huina pivot. ʻO ka hui pivot, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka rotary joint a i ʻole trochoid joint, ʻike ʻia e hoʻokahi iwi i hiki ke ʻolo i loko o ke apo i hana ʻia mai ka iwi ʻelua. ʻO nā laʻana nā hono ma waena o kou mau ulna a me nā iwi radius e hoʻohuli i kou forearm, a me ka ami ma waena o ka iwi mua a me ka lua i kou ʻāʻī.
• Puka pili. Ua kapa ʻia ka huina gliding ka hui mokulele. ʻOiai ʻae wale ia i ka neʻe palena ʻia, ʻike ʻia ia e nā leʻaleʻa i hiki ke heʻe i luna o kekahi. ʻO kahi laʻana ka ami i loko o kou lima.
• Huina noho noho. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻae ka noho noho i ka huli, hiki iā ia ke neʻe i mua a i mua a i ʻaoʻao i kekahi ʻaoʻao. ʻO kahi laʻana ka ami ma ke kumu o kou manamana nui.

Lawe aku

He ʻōnaehana paʻakikī ka ʻōnaehana iwi kanaka makua e pili ana me nā iwi i kapa ʻia he 206 e pili ana i ka cartilage, nā uaua, nā liga, a me ʻekolu mau ʻano hui.

• synarthroses (hoʻoneʻe ʻia)
• amphiarthroses (hoʻoneʻe iki)
• diarthroses (hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia)

ʻOiai ka helu maoli o nā ami i kekahi kanaka ma muli o ka nui o nā loli, ʻo ka helu i manaʻo ʻia aia ma waena o 250 a 350.