Nā hoʻāʻo hoʻolohe ʻana no nā keiki

Anter

• He aha nā hoʻokolohua hoʻolohe ʻana no nā keiki?
• No ke aha lākou e hoʻohana ai?
• No ke aha e pono ai kaʻu keiki e hoʻāʻo i ka hoʻolohe ʻana?
• He aha ka hana i ka wā o ka hoʻolohe hoʻolohe ʻana?
• E pono paha wau e hana i kekahi mea e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka hoʻolohe ʻana?
• Aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo?
• He aha ke ʻano o nā hopena?
• Aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e pono iaʻu e ʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻolohe hoʻolohe ʻana?
• Nā kūmole

He aha nā hoʻokolohua hoʻolohe ʻana no nā keiki?

Ana kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ka hiki i kāu keiki ke lohe. ʻOiai hiki ke loaʻa ka lohe pepeiao i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hiki i nā pilikia o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka wā pēpē a me ke kamaliʻi ke loaʻa nā hopena koʻikoʻi. ʻO ia no ka mea he mea nui ka hoʻolohe maʻamau no ka hoʻomohala ʻōlelo i nā pēpē a me nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ʻo ka nalowale hoʻolohe ʻana i kekahi manawa hiki ke lilo i mea paʻakikī i ka keiki e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻōlelo i ʻōlelo ʻia a aʻo i ka ʻōlelo.

Hiki ke lohe maʻamau ke hele nā ​​nalu kani i loko o kou pepeiao, e haʻalulu ai kāu eardrum. Hoʻoneʻe ka haʻalulu i nā nalu i loko o ka pepeiao, kahi e hoʻonāukiuki ai i nā hunaola nerve e hoʻouna i ka ʻike kani i kou lolo. Unuhi ʻia kēia ʻike i nā kani āu e lohe ai.

Hiki i ka lohe pepeiao ke pilikia ʻoe me hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau ʻāpana o ka pepeiao, nā aʻa i loko o ka pepeiao, a i ʻole ka ʻāpana o ka lolo e kaohi ana i ka lohe. ʻEkolu ʻano nui o ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻolohe.

• Conductive. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano o ka nalo ʻana e ka poloka o ka lawe leo ʻana i loko o ka pepeiao. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i nā pēpē a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi a pinepine ʻia e nā maʻi pepeiao a i ʻole ka wai i nā pepeiao. Maʻalahi ka loiloi ʻana o ka lohe conductive i kekahi manawa, manawa pōkole, a hiki hoʻi ke mālama ʻia.
• Sensorineurual (kapa ʻia ʻo ke kuli nerve). Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano o ka nalo ʻana e ka pilikia me ke ʻano o ka pepeiao a me / a i ʻole nā ​​ʻalolo e kaohi ana i ka hoʻolohe. Aia paha i ka wā hānau a hōʻike lohi paha i ke ola. ʻO ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe Sensorineural ka mea mau. ʻO kēia ʻano nalo o ke ʻano lohe mai ke akahai (ka hiki ʻole ke lohe i kekahi kani) a hohonu (ka hiki ʻole ke lohe i nā kani).
• Hoʻohuihui, kahi hui pū o ka hoʻolohe ʻana conductive a me sensorineural nalo.

Inā kuhi ʻia kāu keiki me ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao, aia kekahi mau ʻanuʻu hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i hiki ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole mālama i ke ʻano.

Nā inoa ʻē aʻe: audiometry; audiography, audiogram, hoʻāʻo leo

No ke aha lākou e hoʻohana ai?

Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā loaʻa kāu keiki i ka lohe pepeiao a, inā pēlā, pehea ke koʻikoʻi.

No ke aha e pono ai kaʻu keiki e hoʻāʻo i ka hoʻolohe ʻana?

Paipai ʻia nā hoʻolohe hoʻolohe lohe maʻamau no ka hapanui o nā pēpē a me nā keiki. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia nā keiki hānau hou i nā hoʻolohe ʻana ma mua o ko lākou haʻalele ʻana i ka haukapila. Inā ʻaʻole i hala kāu pēpē i kēia hoʻolohe hoʻolohe, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo no ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao koʻikoʻi. Akā pono e ho'āʻo hou ʻia kāu pēpē i loko o ʻekolu mau mahina.

Pono ka hapanui o nā keiki e nānā i kā lākou hoʻolohe ʻana ma nā hōʻoia olakino maʻamau. Hiki i kēia mau loiloi ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi hoʻokolohua kino o ka pepeiao e nānā no ka nui o ka wax, wai, a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona o ka maʻi. Paipai ka American Academy of Pediatrics i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻolohe hou ʻana (e ʻike ma lalo no nā ʻano hoʻokolohua) i nā makahiki 4, 5, 6, 8, a me 10. E hana pinepine ʻia nā hoʻāʻo inā loaʻa nā ʻōuli o kāu keiki i ka lohe ʻana.

Nā ʻōuli o ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao i loko o kahi pēpē e like me:

• ʻAʻole lele a i ʻole pīhoihoi i ka hopena o nā leo nui
• Ke pane ʻole nei i ka leo o ka makua e 3 mau makahiki o kona mau makahiki
• ʻAʻole huli i kona mau maka a i ʻole ke poʻo i kahi kani e 6 mau makahiki o ka makahiki
• ʻAʻole e hoʻohālike i nā kani a i ʻole e ʻōlelo ʻana i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo maʻalahi e 12 mau makahiki

Nā ʻōuli o ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao i loko o kahi kamaliʻi e like me:

• ʻ speechlelo lohi a haʻiʻōlelo paha paʻakikī e hoʻomaopopo. Hiki i ka hapa nui o nā keiki ʻōpio ke ʻōlelo i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo, e like me "mama" a i ʻole "dada," e 15 mau makahiki o ko lākou mau makahiki.
• Ke pane ʻole ʻana ke kāhea ʻia e ka inoa
• ʻAʻole nānā

Nā ʻōuli o ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao i nā keiki makua a me nā ʻōpio me:

• Ka pilikia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mea a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e ʻōlelo nei, keu hoʻi i kahi nohona walaʻau
• Hoʻopilikia i ka lohe ʻana i nā kani kani kiʻekiʻe
• Pono e hoʻohuli i ka leo ma ke kīwī a i ʻole mea hoʻokani pila
• He kani kani i nā pepeiao

He aha ka hana i ka wā o ka hoʻolohe hoʻolohe ʻana?

Hana pinepine ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻolohe mua i nā manawa o ka nānā ʻana. Inā loaʻa ka nalowale o ka pepeiao, e hoʻāʻo ʻia kāu keiki a mālama ʻia e kekahi o nā mea lawelawe aʻe:

• He audiologist, kahi lawelawe mālama ola nāna i loea i ka diagnose, mālama ʻana, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe
• An otolaryngologist (ENT), he kauka e loea ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā kūlana o nā pepeiao, ka ihu, a me ka ʻāʻī.

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano hoʻokolohua hoʻolohe. Hāʻawi ʻia ke ʻano o nā hōʻike i ka makahiki a me nā ʻōuli. No nā pēpē a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi, pili ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻike (e like me nā pepili liʻiliʻi) a i ʻole nā ​​probes e ana i ka hoʻolohe ʻana. ʻAʻole lākou e koi i kahi pane waha. Hāʻawi ʻia nā keiki makua i nā hoʻāʻo kani. Nānā nā hoʻāʻo kani no ka pane ʻana i nā leo a i ʻole nā ​​huaʻōlelo i hāʻawi ʻia ma nā pitch like ʻole, nā leo, a me / a i ʻole nā ​​kani kani.

Hōʻike manaʻo auditory (ABR) hōʻike.Nānā kēia no ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe sensorineural. Ana ʻia ka pane o ka lolo i ke kani. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻāʻo i nā pēpē, me nā keiki hānau hou. Ma kēia hōʻike:

• E kau ka audiologist a i ʻole nā ​​mea lawelawe ʻē aʻe i nā electrodes ma ka ʻili a ma hope o kēlā me kēia pepeiao. Pili nā uila i kahi kamepiula.
• E hoʻokomo ʻia nā pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi i loko o nā pepeiao.
• E hoʻouna ʻia nā kaomi a me nā kani i nā pepeiao pepeiao.
• E ana nā electrodes i ka pane o ka lolo i nā kani a e hōʻike i nā hopena ma ke kamepiula.

Hōʻike hoʻoili o Oacoacoustic (OAE). Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hōʻike no nā pēpē a me nā keiki ʻōpio. Ma ka hoʻāʻo:

• E hoʻonoho ka audiologist a i ʻole kahi mea lawelawe ʻē aʻe i kahi probe liʻiliʻi e like me ke kelepona pepeiao i loko o ka puka pepeiao.
• E hoʻouna ʻia ke kani i ka probe.
• Kākau ka probe a ana i ka pane o ka pepeiao i loko i nā kani.
• Hiki i ka hoʻāʻo ke loaʻa ka lohe pepeiao, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka conductive a me ka sensorineural loss loss.

Tympanometry nā hoʻāʻo pehea ka neʻe ʻana o kāu eardrum. Ma ka hoʻāʻo:

• E hoʻokau ka audiologist a i ʻole nā ​​mea lawelawe ʻē aʻe i kahi mea liʻiliʻi i loko o ka aʻa pepeiao.
• E hoʻokuʻi ka mea i ka ea i loko o ka pepeiao, e hoʻoneʻe i ka eardrum i mua a i mua.
• Hoʻopaʻa kahi mīkini i ka neʻe ʻana ma nā pakuhi i kapa ʻia ʻo tympanograms.
• Kōkua ka hoʻāʻo inā loaʻa kahi maʻi pepeiao a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia ʻē aʻe e like me ka wai a me ka wax wax buildup, a i ʻole he puka a waimaka paha i ka eardrum.
• Koi ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo e noho mālie kāu keiki, no laila ʻaʻole hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā pēpē a i nā keiki liʻiliʻi paha.

ʻO nā ʻano aʻe kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua kani.

Nā Ana Reflex Acoustic kapa ʻia hoʻi ka reflex muscle muscle reflex (MEMR), e hoʻāʻo i ka maikaʻi o ka pane ʻana o ka pepeiao i nā leo nui. I ka lohe maʻamau, paʻa ka mākala liʻiliʻi i loko o ka pepeiao ke lohe ʻoe i nā leo nui. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻo ka acoustic reflex. Hana ʻia me ka ʻike ʻole iā ia. Ma ka hoʻāʻo:

• E hoʻonoho ka audiologist a i ʻole kahi mea lawelawe ʻē aʻe i kahi kulu palupalu i loko o ka pepeiao.
• E hoʻouna ʻia ana kahi o nā leo nui ma o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kahi mīkini.
• E hōʻike ka mīkini i ka manawa a i ʻole inā ua hoʻomaka ke kani i kahi reflex.
• Inā maikaʻi ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe, nui paha ka leo i mea e hoʻonāukiuki ai i kahi reflex, a i ʻole hoʻonāukiuki paha i ka reflex.

Hōʻoiaʻiʻo leo maoli, ʻike ʻia ʻo audiometry. Ma kēia hōʻike:

• E kau kāu keiki i nā pepeiao pepeiao.
• E hoʻouna ʻia i kahi o nā leo i nā lohe pepeiao.
• E loli ka audiologist a i ʻole ka mea lawelawe ʻē aʻe i ka leo a me ka leo nui o nā leo i nā kiko like ʻole i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo. I kekahi mau manawa, lohe ʻole ʻia nā kani.
• E noi ka mea hāʻawi i kāu keiki e pane i ka wā a lākou e lohe ai i ke kani. ʻO ka pane paha e hāpai i kahi lima a kaomi i kahi pihi.
• Kōkua ka hōʻike i nā kani mālie a kāu keiki e lohe ai i nā pā like ʻole.

Nā hoʻāʻo kakā Tuning. ʻO ka foring tuning kahi mīkini metala pronged ʻelua e hana i kahi kani ke haʻalulu. Ma ka hoʻāʻo:

• E hoʻokau ka audiologist a i ʻole nā ​​mea lawelawe ʻē aʻe i ka foring tuning ma hope o ka pepeiao a i ʻole ma luna o ke poʻo.
• E paʻi ka mea hāʻawi i ka puna no ka mea e hana i kahi leo.
• E noi ʻia kāu keiki e haʻi i ka mea hoʻolako i nā manawa āpau āu e lohe ai i ke kani i nā leo like ʻole, a i ʻole inā lohe lākou i ke kani i ka pepeiao hema, pepeiao ʻākau, a i ʻole like ʻelua.
• Hiki i ke hōʻike ke hōʻike inā loaʻa ka hoʻolohe ʻana i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​pepeiao ʻelua. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i keʻano o ka lohe pepeiao i loaʻa i kāu keiki (conductive or sensorineural).

ʻEchlelo a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo hiki ke hōʻike i ka maikaʻi o ka lohe ʻana o kāu keiki i ka ʻōlelo i haʻi ʻia. Ma ka hoʻāʻo:

• E kau kāu keiki i nā pepeiao pepeiao.
• E kamaʻilio ka audiologist ma o ka lohe pepeiao, a noi aku i kāu keiki e hana hou i nā ʻano ʻōlelo maʻalahi, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā puke like ʻole.
• E hoʻopaʻa ka mea hāʻawi i ka ʻōlelo palupalu i hiki i kāu keiki ke lohe.
• Hana ʻia paha kekahi o nā hoʻāʻo ma kahi walaʻau no ka mea he nui ka poʻe me ka lohe pepeiao i pilikia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo ma nā wahi nui.
• Hana ʻia kēia mau hoʻāʻo ma luna o nā keiki e lawa a hiki ke kamaʻilio a hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻōlelo.

E pono paha wau e hana i kekahi mea e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka hoʻolohe ʻana?

ʻAʻole pono kāu keiki i kahi hoʻomākaukau kūikawā no ka hoʻolohe hoʻolohe.

Aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo?

ʻAʻohe makaʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoʻolohe hoʻolohe.

He aha ke ʻano o nā hopena?

Hōʻike paha kāu mau hopena inā loaʻa kāu keiki i ka lohe pepeiao, a inā he conductive a i ʻole sensorineural ka nalo o ka lohe.

Inā kuhi ʻia kāu keiki me ka nalowale o ka lohe pepeiao, hiki i kāu mea hāʻawi ke paipai i ka lāʻau a i ʻole ke ʻoki kino, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kumu o ka nalo.

Inā kuhi ʻia kāu keiki me ka nalowale ʻana o ka sensorineural loss, hōʻike paha kāu mau hopena ʻo ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe.

• ʻOluʻolu: ʻaʻole hiki i kāu keiki ke lohe i kekahi mau kani, e like me nā kani e kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha.
• Lōkahi: ʻaʻole hiki i kāu keiki ke lohe i nā kani he nui, e like me ka ʻōlelo i kahi ʻano walaʻau.
• Koʻikoʻi: ʻaʻole hiki i kāu keiki ke lohe i ka nui o nā kani.
• Hohonu: ʻaʻole hiki i kāu keiki ke lohe i kahi kani.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe sensorineural e pili i ka makahiki a me ke ʻano o ia. Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i nā hopena, e kamaʻilio me kāu kahu mālama ola.

Aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e pono iaʻu e ʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻolohe hoʻolohe ʻana?

Nui a hewahewa nā ala e mālama ai i ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe. ʻOiai he mau loa ka nalo ʻana o ka pepeiao, aia kekahi mau ala e mālama ai i kāu ʻano. Nā koho lapaʻau e:

• Kōkua hoʻolohe. ʻO kahi mea hoʻolohe pepeiao kahi mea i komo ma hope a ma loko paha o ka pepeiao. Hoʻonui (kōkua ka mea lohe) i ke kani. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hana i mua o kekahi mau mea kōkua lohe. Hiki i kāu audiologist ke ʻōlelo i ke koho maikaʻi loa nāu.
• Hoʻokomo ʻia Cochlear. ʻO kēia kahi hāmeʻa i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka lāʻau ma ka pepeiao. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ia i ka poʻe me ka nui o ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻolohe a ʻaʻole loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi nui mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻolohe. Hoʻouna pololei nā mea hoʻopili Cochlear i ke aʻalolo lohe.
• ʻOki kino. Hiki ke mālama ʻia i kekahi ʻano o ka nalo ʻana me ka ʻoki ʻana. Hoʻopili kēia i nā pilikia me ka eardrum a i ʻole nā ​​iwi liʻiliʻi o loko o ka pepeiao.

Eia hou, makemake ʻoe e:

• Hana pū me nā mea mālama ola i hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe a me kāu keiki e kamaʻilio. Pākuʻi ʻia paha kēia mau mea ʻōlelo haʻi ʻōlelo a me / a i ʻole nā ​​loea e hoʻolako i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōlelo hōʻailona, ​​ka heluhelu ʻana i nā lehelehe, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōlelo.
• Hui pū i nā hui kākoʻo
• E hoʻolālā i nā kipa maʻamau me kahi audiologist a me / a i ʻole otolaryngologist (pepeiao, ihu, a me ka kaʻi puʻu)

Nā kūmole

1. ʻAhahui Hoʻolohe-ʻ Americanlelo-ʻAmelika (ASHA) [Pūnaewele]. Rockville (MD): ʻAhahui ʻ Hearlelo-ʻ Americanlelo-Hoʻolohe ʻAmelika; c1997–2019. Ka pane a ka Audrain Brainstem Response (ABR); [i helu ʻia 2019 Mar 30]; [ma kahi o 4 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Auditory-Brainstem-Response
2. ʻAhahui Hoʻolohe-ʻ Americanlelo-ʻAmelika (ASHA) [Pūnaewele]. Rockville (MD): ʻAhahui ʻ Hearlelo-ʻ Americanlelo-Hoʻolohe ʻAmelika; c1997–2019. Loiloi Loiloi; [i helu ʻia 2019 Mar 30]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Hearing-Screening
3. ʻAhahui Hoʻolohe-ʻ Americanlelo-ʻAmelika (ASHA) [Pūnaewele]. Rockville (MD): ʻAhahui ʻ Hearlelo-ʻ Americanlelo-Hoʻolohe ʻAmelika; c1997–2019. Nā Hoʻolālā Otoacoustic (OAE); [i helu ʻia 2019 Mar 30]; [ma kahi o 4 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Otoacoustic-Emissions
4. ʻAhahui Hoʻolohe-ʻ Americanlelo-ʻAmelika (ASHA) [Pūnaewele]. Rockville (MD): ʻAhahui ʻ Hearlelo-ʻ Americanlelo-Hoʻolohe ʻAmelika; c1997–2019. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo Kānā Maʻemaʻe; [i helu ʻia 2019 Mar 30]; [ma kahi o 4 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Pure-Tone-Testing
5. ʻAhahui Hoʻolohe-ʻ Americanlelo-ʻAmelika (ASHA) [Pūnaewele]. Rockville (MD): ʻAhahui ʻ Hearlelo-ʻ Americanlelo-Hoʻolohe ʻAmelika; c1997–2019. Hōʻike ʻ Spelelo; [i helu ʻia 2019 Mar 30]; [ma kahi o 4 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Speech-Testing
6. ʻAhahui Hoʻolohe-ʻ Americanlelo-ʻAmelika (ASHA) [Pūnaewele]. Rockville (MD): ʻAhahui ʻ Hearlelo-ʻ Americanlelo-Hoʻolohe ʻAmelika; c1997–2019. Nā hoʻāʻo o ka pepeiao waena; [i helu ʻia 2019 Mar 30]; [ma kahi o 4 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Tests-of-the-Middle-Ear
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8. Nā kikowaena no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka pale ʻana [Pūnaewele]. Atlanta: Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Ola a me nā Lawelawe Pono ʻAmelika; ʻO ka loiloi ʻana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka Lono Hoʻolohe; [i helu ʻia 2019 Mar 30]; [ma kahi o 5 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/screening.html
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ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana i ka ʻike ma kēia pūnaewele i pani no ka mālama olakino ʻoihana a ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo paha. Kāhea aku i ka mea mālama ola inā he nīnau kāu e pili ana i kou olakino.