He aha ka mea e hoʻopoina ai i kekahi pehea e ale ai?

Anter

• Poina pehea e ale ai i nā kumu
• ʻO ka hana ʻole o ka lolo
• ʻO ka hana ʻole o ka musele oral a pharyngeal paha
• Lilo o ka sphincter muscle relax (achalasia)
• ʻOwingmiʻi ʻo Esophageal
• Hopohopo
• Nā ʻōuli o ka pilikia ale
• ʻIke i nā pilikia ale
• ʻO endoscopy luna, a i ʻole EGD
• Manometry
• Hōʻike Impedance a me pH
• Hoʻololi barium moni i kahi hoʻāʻo
• ʻO Esophagram
• Nā hoʻāʻo koko
• Poina pehea e ale ai i ka lāʻau
• Nā Lapaʻau
• ʻOki lāʻau lapaʻau
• Hoʻololi ka nohona
• Lawe aku

Hōʻike Overview

Me he mea lā maʻalahi ka ʻōlulu ʻana, akā pili maoli nō ia i ka hoʻohui pono ʻana o 50 mau mākala he nui, nā aʻa he nui, ka larynx (pahu leo), a me kou esophagus.

Pono lākou āpau e hana pū e ʻohiʻohi a hoʻomākaukau i ka meaʻai i ka waha, a laila neʻe iā ia mai ka ʻāʻī, ma o ka esophagus, a i loko o ka ʻōpū. Pono e hana kēia i ka manawa like e pani ana i ke ala ʻāpana e mālama ai i ka meaʻai mai ke komo ʻana i kāu aniani. ʻO ka hopena, nui ka manawa kūpono no kekahi mea e hewa.

Hiki ke kau ʻia nā pilikia i ka ale ʻana mai ka uha ʻana a i ʻole ke ʻehaʻeha ʻana no ka mea ʻo ka meaʻai a wai paha i komo i ka puhi makani e hoʻopau i ka hiki ʻole ke ale i kekahi mea āpau.

ʻO nā maʻi o ka lolo a i ʻole ʻōnaehana, e like me ka hahau ʻana, a i ʻole nāwaliwali o nā mākala i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka waha hiki ke hoʻopoina i kekahi pehea e ale ai. ʻO nā manawa ʻē aʻe, paʻakikī ka ale ʻana i kahi hopena o ka paʻa i ka puʻu, pharynx, a i ʻole esophagus, a i ʻole ka ʻiki ʻana o ka esophagus mai kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe.

Poina pehea e ale ai i nā kumu

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo olakino no ka paʻakikī me ka ale ʻana ʻo dysphagia.

ʻO kēlā me kēia pilikia e hoʻonāwaliwali i nā mākala like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​ʻalolo e pili ana i ka ale ʻana a pale ʻana paha i ka meaʻai a me ka wai mai ke kahe wale ʻana i ka esophagus hiki ke hana i ka disphagia. ʻO ka Dysphagia ka mea maʻamau i nā mākua makua.

ʻO ka hana ʻole o ka lolo

Hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo me nā aʻa e pono ai no ka ale ʻana. Nā kumu i komo:

• hahau: kahi paʻa i ke kahe o ke koko i ka lolo e hiki ai i ke kīnā lōʻihi
• hōʻeha lolo lolo
• nā kūlana neurological e hoʻopōʻino i ka lolo i ka manawa, e like me ka maʻi o Parkinson, nā sclerosis he nui, ka maʻi o Huntington, a me ka sclerosis lateral amyotrophic (ALS)
• tumo lolo

ʻO ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻike ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka dementia a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer he mea paʻakikī paha ia e nau a ale.

ʻO ka hana ʻole o ka musele oral a pharyngeal paha

Hiki i kahi maʻi o nā ʻāʻī a me nā mākala i ka ʻāʻī ke hoʻonāwaliwali i nā mākala a ʻāʻā ʻia a i ʻole gag i ke ale ʻana. ʻO nā laʻana me:

• cerebral palsy: kahi maʻi e hoʻopili i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mākala a me ka hoʻohui ʻana
• hānau kīnā, e like me ka palate cleft (kahi hakahaka o ka hale o ka waha)
• myasthenia gravis: kahi maʻi neuromuscular e hoʻonā i ka nāwaliwali i nā mākala i hoʻohana ʻia no ka neʻe; ʻo nā ʻōuli pū kekahi me ka kamaʻilio pilikia ʻana, ka lōlō ʻana o ka helehelena, a me ka paʻakikī e ale
• kahi poʻo poʻo e hōʻino ai i nā aʻalolo a i ʻole nā ​​mākala i ka puʻu

Lilo o ka sphincter muscle relax (achalasia)

Ma kahi e hui ai ka esophagus a me ka ʻōpū kekahi i kekahi ma laila kahi mākala i kapa ʻia ʻo ka sphincter esophageal haʻahaʻa (LES). Hoʻomaha hoʻomaha kēia mākala ke ʻolo ʻoe e ʻae i ka ʻai e hala. I ka poʻe me ka achalasia, ʻaʻole hoʻomaha ka LES.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Achalasia kahi hopena o kahi kūlana autoimmune, kahi i kuhi hewa ai kāu ʻōnaehana pale i nā hunaola nerve i loko o kāu esophagus. ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻeha ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana a me ka puʻuwai.

ʻOwingmiʻi ʻo Esophageal

Hiki i ka hōʻino i ka esophagus ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nāʻiʻo ʻōpala. Hiki i ka ʻili makaʻu ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka esophagus a alakaʻi i ka pilikia e ale.

ʻO nā kūlana i hiki ke hopena i nāʻiʻo scar e komo pū me:

• reflux waikawa: ke holo a hoʻi ka waikawa ʻōpū i loko o ka esophagus, e hana ana i nā ʻōuli e like me ka puʻuwai, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, a me ka pilikia e ale.
• gastroesophageal reflux maʻi (GERD): ke ʻano ʻoi aku ke koʻikoʻi a me ka maʻi mau o ka reflux acid; hiki i ka manawa ke kumu i nā aʻa ʻōpala e hana a i ʻole ka mumū o ka esophagus (esophagitis)
• nā maʻi e like me ka herpes esophagitis, herpes simplex labialis hou, a i ʻole mononucleosis
• radiation therapy i ka umauma a i ʻole ʻāʻī
• poino mai kahi endoscope (kahi paipu i hoʻopili ʻia i ka pahupaʻikiʻi i hoʻohana ʻia e nānā ai i loko o ka lua o ke kino) a i ʻole ka paipu nasogastric (kahi paipu e lawe i ka meaʻai a me ka lāʻau i ka ʻōpū ma o ka ihu)
• scleroderma: kahi maʻi kahi e kuhi hewa ai ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka esophagus

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka esophagus e kahi paʻa a i ʻole ulu ulu ʻole. ʻO nā kumu o kēia:

• nā tumors i loko o ka esophagus
• goiter: kahi hoʻonui ʻana o ka gland thyroid; hiki i kahi goiter nui ke hoʻokau i ka esophagus a alakaʻi i ka paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana a me ka hanu ʻana, me ka ʻū a me ka hoarseness
• ka meaʻai i paʻa i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka esophagus e holoi ʻole me ka wai. He pilikia olakino kēia.

Hopohopo

Hiki i ka hopohopo a i ʻole ka weliweli weliweli ke hopena i ka manaʻo o ke kīkī a i ʻole ka puʻupuʻu i ka puʻu a i ʻole ke ʻano ʻākeʻakeʻa. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka manawa ale no ka paʻakikī. ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe o ka hopohopo pū kekahi:

• hopohopo
• weliweli, weliweli, a makaʻu hoʻi
• ka houʻu ʻana
• hanu wikiwiki

Nā ʻōuli o ka pilikia ale

Inā manaʻo ʻoe he pilikia ale ʻoe, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona e nānā pono ai ʻoe. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana i nā mea āpau a i ʻole paʻakikī wale paha i ka ale ʻana i nā mea paʻa, nā wai, a me ka saliva paha.

ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe o kahi pilikia e ale pū me:

• paheʻe
• me ka manaʻo e like me kahi mea i waiho i ka ʻāʻī
• kaomi ma ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka umauma
• regurgitating pinepine i ka wā ʻai
• nausea
• puʻuwai puʻuwai
• ʻeha a ʻehaʻeha paha ke ale ʻana
• ʻeha ke ale ʻana (odynophagia)
• paʻakikī i ka nau ʻana
• lilo kaumaha kaumaha ʻole
• eha ka 'ā'ī
• halulu o kou leo
• e ʻokiʻoki i ka meaʻai i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i mea e nau a moni ai iā lākou

ʻIke i nā pilikia ale

Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka mōʻaukala a me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana, e kauoha kāu kauka i nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai inā ke ālai nei kekahi mea i ka esophagus a i ʻole he maʻi ʻeha a pilikia paha me nā mākala i kou ʻāʻī.

ʻO kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a kāu kauka i kauoha ai e komo pū:

ʻO endoscopy luna, a i ʻole EGD

ʻO kahi endoscope kahi paipu maʻalahi me kahi kāmela ma ka hopena i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka waha a ma o ka esophagus i ka ʻōpū. I loko o kahi endoscopy, hiki i ke kauka ke ʻike i nā loli i ka esophagus, e like me nā kiko o ka maka, a i ʻole ke ālai ʻana i loko o ka esophagus a me ka puʻu.

Manometry

Nānā kahi hoʻāʻo manometry i ke kaomi o nā mākala i kou ʻāʻī ke moni ʻoe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi paipu kūikawā e pili ana i ka mea hoʻopaʻa leo.

Hōʻike Impedance a me pH

Kuhi kahi hōʻike pH / impedance i ka nui o ka waikawa i loko o ka esophagus ma kahi o kahi manawa (maʻamau 24 mau hola). Hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ke kuhi ʻana i nā kūlana e like me GERD.

Hoʻololi barium moni i kahi hoʻāʻo

I kēia kaʻina hana, e ʻai ʻoe i nā meaʻai like ʻole a me nā wai i uhi ʻia i ka barium ʻoiai e kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi X-ray o ka oropharynx. E kuhikuhi kahi pathologist ʻōlelo ʻolelo i kekahi pilikia e ale.

ʻO Esophagram

I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, e moni ʻoe i ka wai a i ʻole kahi pila i loaʻa ka barium, e hōʻike ʻia ma kahi X-ray. E nānā ke kauka i nā kiʻi X-ray iā ʻoe e ale ai e ʻike pehea e holo ai ka esophagus.

Nā hoʻāʻo koko

Hiki paha i kāu kauka ke kauoha i nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko e nānā no nā maʻi kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hoʻopau i nā pilikia ale a i ʻole e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā hemahema o ka meaʻai

Poina pehea e ale ai i ka lāʻau

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka ale ʻana i nā pilikia pili i ke kumu paʻa. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o nā pilikia e ke ʻike ʻana i kahi pathologist haʻiʻōlelo, neurologist, dietitian, gastroenterologist, a i kekahi manawa he kauka lāʻau.

Nā Lapaʻau

Mālama mau ʻia ka reflux waikawa a me GERD me nā lāʻau e like me nā mea pale proton-pump (PPI). ʻO nā pilikia e ale ʻia e ka hopohopo e mālama ʻia me nā lāʻau anti-hopohopo.

Hiki ke mālama ʻia ʻo Achalasia i kekahi manawa me ka injection o botulinum toxin (Botox) e hoʻomaha ai i nā mākala sphincter. ʻO nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, e like me nā nitrates a me nā blockers o ka puna calcium, hiki paha ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka LES.

ʻOki lāʻau lapaʻau

Hiki i ke kauka ke kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi ʻāiki o ka esophagus me kahi hana i kapa ʻia he esophageal dilation. Hoʻoulu ʻia kahi pāluna liʻiliʻi i loko o ka esophagus e hoʻonui ai. Lawe ʻia ka baluna.

Hiki ke hana ʻoki ʻia e wehe i kahi tumo a i ʻole nā ​​ʻili maka e ālai ana a i ʻole e ʻikiʻiki ana i ka esophagus.

Hoʻololi ka nohona

Inā hoʻokumu ʻia kāu pilikia e ale ana e kahi maʻi neurological, e like me ka maʻi o Parkinson, pono paha ʻoe e aʻo i nā hana nau hou a me ka ale ʻana. Hiki i kahi pathologist ʻōlelo ʻ recommendlelo ke ʻōlelo i nā loli o ka papaʻai, ka ale ʻana i nā hoʻolālā, a me nā hoʻololi postural e ukali ai ke ʻai ʻoe.

Inā koʻikoʻi nā hōʻailona a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai a inu ʻole paha, pono paha ʻoe i kahi paipu hānai. Hoʻokomo pololei ʻia kahi Tube PEG i loko o ka ʻōpū ma o ka paia o ka ʻōpū.

Lawe aku

ʻO ke kumu maʻamau o ka ale ʻana i nā pilikia ka hahau, akā nui nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i hiki ke paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana. Inā pilikia ʻoe i ka ale ʻana, a i ʻole regurgitate pinepine, ʻoki ʻia, a i ʻole ka luaʻi ma hope o ka ale ʻana, he mea nui e ʻike i ke kauka e ʻike i ke kumu kumu a loaʻa ka lāʻau.

ʻO nā pilikia me ka ale ʻana hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kūpē ʻana. Inā komo ka meaʻai a wai paha i loko o kāu mau alaloa, hiki iā ia ke kumu i kahi ola weliweli i kapa ʻia ʻo aspiration pneumonia. Hiki i ke ale ʻana i nā pilikia ke alakaʻi i ka malnutrisi a me ka make wai.

Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ale no ka mea ke manaʻo ʻia ua paʻa ka meaʻai i kou puʻu a i ʻole ka umauma, a i ʻole inā pilikia ʻoe i ka hanu ʻana, e hele i kahi ʻoihana pilikia kokoke loa.