Ke Hōʻike ʻIla ʻAiʻai

Anter

• He aha ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai?
• No ke aha ia e hoʻohana ai?
• No ke aha wau e pono ai i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai?
• He aha ka hana ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai?
• Pono wau e hana i kekahi mea e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻāʻo?
• Aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻāʻo?
• He aha ke ʻano o nā hopena?
• Nā kūmole

He aha ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai?

ʻO kahi allergy meaʻai kahi kūlana e kumu i kāu ʻōnaehana pale pale e mālama i kahi ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o nā meaʻai me he mea lā he virus weliweli ia, bacteria, a i ʻole nā ​​mea maʻi lele. ʻO ka pane ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi i ka maʻi āpau o ka meaʻai mai ka huhū liʻiliʻi i ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū i kahi pōpilikia hoʻoweliweli ola i kapa ʻia he anaphylactic shock.

ʻOi aku ka maʻi maʻamau o nā meaʻai i nā keiki ma mua o nā mākua, e pili ana ma kahi o 5 pākēneka o nā keiki ma United States. Hoʻonui nā keiki he nui i kā lākou mau maʻi āpau i ka wā e nui ana. ʻAneʻane 90 pākēneka o nā meaʻai āpau āpau e hoʻokumu ʻia e nā meaʻai aʻe:

• Waiu
• ʻO Soy
• Palaoa
• Huamoa
• Nā hua kukui (e like me nā ʻalemona, nā walnuts, nā pecan, a me nā cashews)
• Iʻa
• ʻFishhuhu
• Pihi

No kekahi poʻe, ʻo ka hapa liʻiliʻi loa o nā meaʻai āpau āpau hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona hoʻoweliweli ola. ʻO nā meaʻai i helu ʻia ma luna nei, ʻo ka peanuts, nā nati kumulāʻau, nā ʻāpala, a me nā iʻa ke kumu o nā hopena maʻi ʻino loa.

Hiki i nā hoʻāʻo hoʻāʻo meaʻai ke ʻike inā ʻoe a ʻo kāu keiki paha kahi maʻi ʻaʻai. Inā kuhi ʻia kahi maʻi ʻaʻai, e kuhikuhi paha kāu mea mālama mua a mea hāʻawi paha i kāu keiki iā ʻoe i kahi mea alapiʻi. ʻO ke kauka kauka he kauka i loea i ka diagnostical a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi āpau a me ka hānō.

Nā inoa ʻē aʻe: hōʻike IgE, hoʻāʻo hoʻāʻo waha

No ke aha ia e hoʻohana ai?

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai e ʻike inā he maʻi ʻaʻai kāu a ʻo kāu keiki paha i kahi meaʻai kikoʻī. Hoʻohana ʻia paha ia e ʻike ai inā he maʻi ʻaʻai maoli kāu a i ʻole, he manaʻo i ka meaʻai.

ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka meaʻai, i kapa ʻia ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole o ka meaʻai, huikau pinepine ʻia me kahi allergy meaʻai. Hiki i nā kūlana ʻelua ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona like, akā hiki i nā pilikia ke ʻokoʻa loa.

ʻO ka allergy meaʻai kahi hopena ʻōnaehana pale i hiki ke hoʻopili i nā mea ma loko o ke kino. Hiki iā ia ke kumu i nā kūlana olakino weliweli. ʻOi aku ka emi o ka koʻikoʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i ka meaʻai. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka noʻonoʻo i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole hiki i kou kino ke hoʻoulu pono i kahi meaʻai, a i ʻole ka meaʻai e hoʻopilikia i kāu ʻōnaehana digestive. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka ʻike maka ma ka hapa nui i nā pilikia digestive e like me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, nausea, gas, a me ka diarrhea.

ʻO nā manaʻo nui o ka meaʻai maʻamau:

• ʻO Lactose, kahi ʻano kō i loaʻa i nā huahana waiū. E huikau paha me ka maʻi ʻaʻai waiū.
• ʻO MSG, kahi mea hoʻohui i loaʻa i nā meaʻai he nui
• ʻO Gluten, kahi protein i loaʻa i ka palaoa, bale, a me nā hua ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohuli ʻia ia i kekahi manawa me kahi allergy palaoa. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻike Gluten a me nā huehue huila mai ka maʻi celiac. I ka maʻi celiac, hoʻopōʻino kāu ʻōnaehana pale i kou ʻōpū liʻiliʻi ke ʻai ʻoe i ka gluten. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻōuli digestive hiki ke like, akā ʻo ka maʻi celiac ʻaʻole ia he noʻonoʻo i ka meaʻai a i ʻole he allergy meaʻai.

No ke aha wau e pono ai i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai?

Pono ʻoe a i ʻole paha i kāu keiki i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau pilikia a me / a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōuli.

Nā kumuhana kūpilikiʻi no nā meaʻai āpau āpau me ka:

• He moʻolelo ʻohana o nā meaʻai āpau o ka meaʻai
• Nā meaʻai āpau ʻē aʻe
• Nā ʻano ʻāpiki ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hay fever a i ʻole eczema
• Asthma

Hoʻopili pinepine nā ʻōuli o nā meaʻai āpau i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā ʻāpana o ke kino.

• ʻIli. ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka ʻili ka hives, ka ʻūlū ʻana, ka ʻili ʻana, a me ka ʻulaʻula. I nā pēpē me nā meaʻai āpau o ka meaʻai, ʻo ka hua mua ka pinepine.
• ʻŌnaehana Digestive. Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ʻono i nā mea hao ma ka waha, a me ka pehu ʻana a me / a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka elelo.
• ʻŌnaehana hanu (komo i kou akemāmā, ihu, a me ka puʻu). ʻO nā ʻōuli e like me ka puʻe ʻana, ka hū ʻana, ka ihu, ka hanu pilikia, a me ka paʻa i ka umauma.

ʻO ka haʻalulu Anaphylactic kahi hopena maʻi ʻino e hoʻopili i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli me nā mea i helu ʻia ma luna, a me:

• ʻO ka pehu wikiwiki o ke alelo, nā lehelehe, a me / a me ka ʻāʻī
• Ke hoʻopaʻa nei i nā alaloa a pilikia i ka hanu ʻana
• Pākuʻi wikiwiki
• Puʻupuʻu
• ʻIli pale
• Maule ka manaʻo

Hiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona ma kekona kekona wale nō ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana o kekahi i ka lāʻau maʻi. Me ka ʻole o ka mālama olakino wikiwiki ʻana, hiki i ka haʻalulu anaphylactic ke make. Inā kuhi ʻia ka haʻalulu anaphylactic, pono ʻoe e kāhea koke iā 911.

Inā pilikia ʻoe a i ʻole paha i kāu keiki no ka haʻalulu anaphylactic, e kuhikuhi paha kāu mea maʻi i kahi mea liʻiliʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi pilikia. Hāʻawi ka mea, i kapa ʻia he auto-injector, i kahi mahele lāʻau o epinephrine, kahi lāʻau e hoʻolohi ai i ka hopena maʻi. Pono ʻoe e loaʻa i ke kōkua olakino ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hāmeʻa.

He aha ka hana ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai?

E hoʻomaka paha ka hoʻāʻo ʻana me kāu kaohi maʻi e hana nei i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a nīnau e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona. Ma hope o kēlā, hana ʻo ia i hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o nā hōʻike aʻe:

• Hōʻike hoʻāʻo waha. I ka wā o kēia hoʻokolohua, e hāʻawi kāu alerist iā ʻoe a i kāu keiki paha i kekahi mau meaʻai liʻiliʻi i manaʻo ʻia no ke kumu o ka maʻi āpau. Hāʻawi ʻia ka meaʻai i kahi capsule a i ʻole me ka injection. E nānā pono ʻia ʻoe e ʻike inā loaʻa kahi hopena maʻi ʻaʻai. E hoʻolako koke kāu mea āpau āpau inā loaʻa kahi hopena.
• Papaʻai hoʻopau. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e ʻike i nā meaʻai kikoʻī a i ʻole nā ​​meaʻai e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka maʻi āpau. E hoʻomaka ʻoe ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā meaʻai āpau i manaʻo ʻia mai kāu keiki a i ʻole kāu papaʻai. E hoʻohui ʻoe i nā meaʻai i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia manawa, e ʻimi nei i kahi hopena maʻi. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi papaʻai hoʻopau ke hōʻike inā pili kāu hopena i kahi meaʻai āpau a i ʻole ka manaʻo nui o ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole koi ʻia kahi papaʻai hoʻopau no kekahi mea e makaʻala ana no ka hopena maʻi maʻi.
• Hōʻike prick ʻili. I loko o kēia hoʻokolohua, kau kahi mea hoʻomāinoino a mea hāʻawi ʻē aʻe paha i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai i manaʻo ʻia ma ka ʻili o kou lima a hoʻi i hope. A laila e ʻoki ʻo ia i ka ʻili me ke kui kele e ʻae ai i kahi nui o nā meaʻai e hele ma lalo o ka ʻili. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻulaʻula, ʻalalā ka ʻeha ma ka pūnaewele injection, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻi maʻamau i ka meaʻai.
• Hōʻaʻo koko. Nānā kēia hoʻāʻo no nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo IgE antibodies i loko o ke koko. Hana ʻia nā mea ʻino IgE i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale pale ke hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i kahi lāʻau alohā. I ka wā o kahi hoʻokolohua koko, e lawe kahi loea mālama ola i kahi laʻana koko mai kahi aa i kou lima, e hoʻohana ana i kahi nila liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka nila, e hōʻiliʻili ʻia kahi koko liʻiliʻi i loko o kahi pahu hoʻāʻo a ipu paha. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻoni iki i ka wā e hele ai a kuʻi paha ka nila. Lōʻihi kēia ma mua o ʻelima mau minuke.

Pono wau e hana i kekahi mea e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻāʻo?

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe i kahi hoʻomākaukau kūikawā no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻāʻo?

Hiki i kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻowalewale waha ke hana i kahi hopena maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO ia ke kumu e hāʻawi wale ʻia ai kēia hōʻike ma lalo o ka nānā pono ʻia e ka mea ʻaʻa.

Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi hopena maʻi maʻi i ka wā o kahi papaʻai hoʻopau. Pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio me kāu mea aleremia e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā hopena kūpono.

Hiki i kahi hōʻoia prick ʻili ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻili. Inā ʻili a huhū paha kou ʻili ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, kauoha paha kāu mea maʻi i ka lāʻau e hoʻōla i nā ʻōuli. I nā hihia kakaikahi, hiki i kahi hoʻokolohua ʻili ke hana i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi. No laila pono e hana ʻia kēia hōʻike ma lalo o ka nānā pono ʻia e kahi mea ʻaʻa.

ʻAʻohe liʻiliʻi loa i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ke koko. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka ʻeha a ʻeha paha ma kahi o ka nila i hoʻokomo ʻia ai, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻōuli e hele wikiwiki aku.

He aha ke ʻano o nā hopena?

Inā hōʻike nā hopena ua loaʻa iā ʻoe a ʻo kāu keiki paha ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻo ka lapaʻau e hōʻalo i ka meaʻai.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no nā meaʻai āpau, akā ʻo ka hōʻoki ʻana i ka meaʻai mai kāu papaʻai pono e pale i nā hopena maʻi.

Hiki i ka pale ʻana i nā meaʻai āpau ke hoʻopili pono i ka heluhelu ʻana i nā lepili ma nā ukana i pūʻolo ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi pono ʻoe e wehewehe i ke ahonui i kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻomākaukau a lawelawe i ka meaʻai na ʻoe a i kāu keiki paha. Hoʻopili kēia i nā poʻe e like me nā mea lawelawe, nā kahu hānai, nā kumu, a me nā limahana o ka hale ʻaina. Akā inā ʻoe e akahele, ʻike paha ʻoe a ʻo kāu keiki paha i ka meaʻai me ka ʻole.

Inā pilikia ʻoe a i ʻole paha i kāu keiki i kahi hopena maʻi ʻino nui, e kuhikuhi ana kāu mea pale i kahi mea epinephrine e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana inā hōʻike hewa ʻia i ka meaʻai. E aʻo ʻia ʻoe pehea e hoʻomoʻi ai i ka hāmeʻa a i kāu ʻūhā paha o kāu keiki.

Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i kāu hopena a / a pehea e hoʻokele ai i nā kūpikipiki maʻi, e kamaʻilio me kāu kaʻiō.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua, nā pae kuhikuhi, a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hopena.

Nā kūmole

1. American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology [Pūnaewele]. Milwaukee (WI): American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology; c2018. Allergists / Immunologists: Nā Manaʻo Pōʻokoʻa [cited 2018 Oct 31]; [ma kahi o 2 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.aaaai.org/about-aaaai/allergist-immunologists-spesyalised-skills
2. American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology [Pūnaewele]. Milwaukee (WI): American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology; c2018. ʻO Celiac Disease, Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity, a me nā Allergic Meaʻai: Pehea lākou i ʻokoʻa? [i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 4 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/celiac-disease
3. American College of Allergy Asthma & Immunology [Pūnaewele]. ʻO Arlington Heights (IL): Ke Kulanui ʻAmelika o ʻAshma ʻAmelike & Immunology; c2014. Hōʻike ʻIla ʻAiʻai Meaʻai [cited 2018 Oct 31]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://acaai.org/allergies/types/food-allergies/testing
4. Asthma a me Allergy Foundation o ʻAmelika [Pūnaewele]. Landover (MD): Asthma a me Allergy Foundation o ʻAmelika; c1995–2017. Nā ʻAi Meaʻai [hōʻano hou ʻia 2015 ʻOkakopa; i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 5 pale]. Loaʻa mai: http://www.aafa.org/food-allergies-advocacy
5. Nā kikowaena no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka pale ʻana [Pūnaewele]. Atlanta: Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Ola a me nā Lawelawe Pono ʻAmelika; Nā ʻAiʻai Meaʻai i nā Kula [hōʻano hou ʻia 2018 Feb 14; i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/foodallergies
6. HealthyCh Children's.org [Pūnaewele]. Itasca (IL): ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o Pediatrics; c2018. Nā ʻAiʻai Meaʻai Maʻamau; 2006 Ian 6 [hōʻano hou ʻia 2018 Jul 25; i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.healthy Children.org/English/healthy-living/nutrition/Pages/Common-Food-Allergies.aspx
7. Johns Hopkins Medicine [Pūnaewele]. Ke Kulanui ʻo Johns Hopkins, Ke Haukapila ʻo John Hopkins, a ʻo Johns Hopkins Health System; Nā Meaʻai ʻAi [cited 2018 Oct 31]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/non-traumatic_emergencies/food_allergies_85,P00837
8. KidsHealth mai Nemours [Pūnaewele]. ʻO ka Foundation Nemours; c1995–2018. He aha ka hana i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo alapii ?; [i helu ʻia 2018 Nov 4]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/allergy-tests.html
9. KidsHealth mai Nemours [Pūnaewele]. ʻO ka Foundation Nemours; c1995–2018. He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi Allergic Meaʻai a me ka Intolerance Meaʻai? [i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://kidshealth.org/en/father/allergy-intolerance.html?WT.ac=ctg#catceliac
10. ʻO Kurowski K, Boxer RW. Nā Mea ʻAi Meaʻai: ʻImi a me ka Hoʻokele. Am Kauka Lapaʻau [Pūnaewele]. 2008 Jun 15 [helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; 77 (12): 1678-86. Loaʻa mai: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0615/p1678.html
11. Nā Hoʻokolohua Lab ma ka Pūnaewele [Pūnaewele]. Wakinekona D.C: ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka Chemical Clinical; c2001–2018. Nā Allergies [hōʻano hou ʻia 2018 Oct 29; i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 2 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://labtestsonline.org/conditions/allergies
12. Mayo Clinic [Pūnaewele]. Mayo Foundation no ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Lapaʻau a me ka noiʻi; c1998–2018. Nā hoʻāʻo o ka ʻili āpau: About 2018 Aug 7 [cited 2018 Oct 31]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/allergy-tests/about/pac-20392895
13. Mayo Clinic [Pūnaewele]. Mayo Foundation no ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Lapaʻau a me ka noiʻi; c1998–2018. ʻAiʻai ʻaʻano: Diagnosis and treatment; 2017 Mei 2 [helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 4 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355101
14. Mayo Clinic [Pūnaewele]. Mayo Foundation no ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Lapaʻau a me ka noiʻi; c1998–2018. ʻAlaʻai meaʻai: Nā ʻōuli a me nā kumu; 2017 Mei 2 [helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20355095
15. Merck Manual Mea Kūʻai Manuahi [Pūnaewele]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc. c2018. ʻAiʻai Meaʻai [cited 2018 Oct 31]; [ma kahi o 2 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune-disorder/allergic-reactions-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorder/food-allergy
16. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Pūnaewele]. Bethesda (MD): Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Ola a me nā lawelawe kanaka; Nā Hōʻaike Koko [cited 2018 Oct 31]; [ma kahi o 3 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
17. Kulanui o Rochester Medical Center [Pūnaewele]. Rochester (NY): Kulanui o Rochester Medical Center; c2018. ʻO Encyclopedia Health: Nā ho'āʻo Diagnostic no nā maʻi āpau [i ʻōlelo ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 2 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=85&contentid=P00013
18. UW Ola [Pūnaewele]. Madison (WI): Ke Kulanui o Wisconsin Nā Haukapila a me nā Mana Haukino; c2018. Nā hoʻāʻo Allergy: Overview Test [i hōʻano hou ʻia 2017 ʻOkakopa 6; i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 2 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/allergy-tests/hw198350.html#hw198353
19. UW Ola [Pūnaewele]. Madison (WI): Ke Kulanui o Wisconsin Nā Haukapila a me nā Mana Haukino; c2018. Nā ʻAiʻai Meaʻai: Nā hoʻāʻo a me nā hoʻāʻo [hōʻano 2017 Nov 15; i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 9 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/major/food-allergies/te7016.html#te7023
20. UW Ola [Pūnaewele]. Madison (WI): Ke Kulanui o Wisconsin Nā Haukapila a me nā Mana Haukino; c2018. Nā ʻAiʻai Meaʻai: Hōʻuluʻulu Kumuhana Kumuhana [hōʻano hou ʻia 2017 Nov 15; i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 2 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/major/food-allergies/te7016.html#te7017
21. UW Ola [Pūnaewele]. Madison (WI): Ke Kulanui o Wisconsin Nā Haukapila a me nā Mana Haukino; c2018. Nā ʻAi Meaʻai: Nā Hōʻailona [hōʻano hou ʻia 2017 Nov 15; i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 5 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/major/food-allergies/te7016.html#te7019
22. UW Ola [Pūnaewele]. Madison (WI): Ke Kulanui o Wisconsin Nā Haukapila a me nā Mana Haukino; c2018. Nā Meaʻai Meaʻai: Kehea E Kāhea ai i kahi Kauka [hōʻano hou 2017 Nov 15; i helu ʻia 2018 ʻOkakopa 31]; [ma kahi o 8 pale]. Loaʻa mai: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/major/food-allergies/te7016.html#te7022

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana i ka ʻike ma kēia pūnaewele i pani no ka mālama olakino ʻoihana a ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo paha. Kāhea aku i ka mea mālama ola inā he nīnau kāu e pili ana i kou olakino.