6 hōʻike e ʻike i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma (me ka hoʻohui o ka mammography)

Anter

• 1. Ninaninau kino
• 2. Hōʻike koko
• 3. Ultrasound o ka umauma
• 4. Resonance ʻume mākeneka
• 5. Biopsy umauma
• 6. Hōʻike lawaiʻa

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e ʻike ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i ka wā ma mua ʻo ka mammography, kahi o X-ray e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike inā he mau liona i loko o nāʻiʻo o ka umauma ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka wahine, e like me ka ʻeha o ka umauma a wai paha. hoʻokuʻu mai ka piko. E ʻike i nā hōʻailona he 12 e hōʻike ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Pono e hana ʻia ka mamamography ma ka liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia 2 mau makahiki mai ka makahiki 40, akā ʻo nā wahine me ka mōʻaukala o ka umauma maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka ʻohana e loaʻa i ka hōʻike i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka makahiki 35, a hiki i ka 69 makahiki. Inā hōʻike nā hopena o ka mammogram i kekahi ʻano o ka loli, hiki i ke kauka ke kauoha i kahi mammogram hou, kahi ultrasound, MRI a i ʻole biopsy e hōʻoia i ke ola o kahi loli a inā ʻaʻole e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Aia kekahi mau hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe e hiki ke kōkua i ka ʻike a hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, e like me:

1. Ninaninau kino

ʻO ka hoʻokolohua kino kahi hoʻokolokolo i hana ʻia e ka gynecologist ma o ka palpation o ka umauma e ʻike ai i nā nodule a me nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe i ka umauma o ka wahine. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he hōʻoia pololei loa, no ka mea hōʻailona wale ia i ke alo o nā nodule, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoia he liona maikaʻi a malignant paha ia, no ka laʻana. No laila, paipai pinepine ke kauka e lawe i nā hoʻokolohua kikoʻī, e like me ka mammography, no ka laʻana.

ʻO ka maʻamau kēia ka hōʻike mua loa i hana ʻia i ka wā i loaʻa ai i nā wahine nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma a i ʻole ua ʻike ʻia nā loli i ka nānā ʻana iā ʻoe iho.

E nānā pehea e hana ai i ka hoʻokolokolo ponoʻī ʻana ma ka home a i ʻole nānā i ke wikiō aʻe, e wehewehe pono nei i ka hana pololei ʻana o ka hoʻokolokolo ponoʻī.

2. Hōʻike koko

He mea maikaʻi ke hōʻoia koko i ke kuhi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, no ka mea maʻamau ke loaʻa kahi hanana maʻi ʻaʻai, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā protein i loko o ke koko, e like me CA125, CA 19.9, CEA, MCA, AFP, CA 27.29 a i ʻole CA 15.3, ʻo ia ka maʻa mau i noi nui ʻia e ke kauka. E maopopo he aha ka hōʻike CA a pehea e hana ai 15.3.

Ma waho aʻe o ka mea nui e kōkua i ke kuhi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, hiki i nā mea hōʻailona tumo ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kauka e pili ana i ka hopena o ka hana a me ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ma waho aʻe o nā māka tumo, ma o ke kālailai ʻia ʻana o kahi hāpana koko i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i loko o nā genes suppressor tumor, BRCA1 a me BRCA2, a i ka wā e hiki ai i ka mutated ke predispose i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Paipai ʻia kēia thesis genetic no ka poʻe i loaʻa nā ʻohana pili i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma mua o ka makahiki 50, no ka laʻana. E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo genetika no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

3. Ultrasound o ka umauma

ʻO kahi ultrasound umauma kahi hōʻike e hana pinepine ʻia ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahine mammogram a ua loli ka hopena. Kūpono kūpono kēia hoʻokolohua no nā wahine me nā umauma nui a paʻa hoʻi, keu hoʻi inā he mau maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka ʻohana. I kēia mau hihia, he kōkua maikaʻi loa ka ultrasound i ka mammography, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i kēia hoʻokolohua ke hōʻike i nā nodule liʻiliʻi i nā wahine me nā umauma nui.

Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻaʻohe hihia o ka wahine ma ka ʻohana, a he mau umauma kona e ʻike ākea ʻia ma ka mammography, ʻaʻole kahi ultrasound i mea pani no ka mammography. E ʻike i ka mea e makaʻu loa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

4. Resonance ʻume mākeneka

ʻO ke kiʻi resonance ʻume mākenēki kahi hōʻike i hoʻohana nui ʻia inā nui ka makaʻu o ka wahine i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, keu hoʻi ke hoʻololi ʻia nā hopena o ka mammography a i ʻole ultrasound. No laila, kōkua ke kiʻi kiʻi magnetic i ka gynecologist e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia a ʻike i ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, a me ke ola o nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili ʻia.

I ka wā o ka scan MRI, pono ka wahine e moe ma kona ʻōpū, e kākoʻo ana i kona umauma ma kahi papaha kūikawā e pale iā lākou mai kaomi ʻana, e ʻae ana i kahi kiʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nāʻiʻo o ka umauma. Hoʻohui, he mea nui nō hoʻi ka wahine e noho mālie a mālie hoʻi e hōʻole i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kiʻi ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kino.

5. Biopsy umauma

ʻO Biopsy ka hōʻike diagnostics hope loa i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻoiai ua hana ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua ma ka hale hana me nā mea i lawe pololei ʻia mai nā ʻeha o ka umauma, e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike inā aia he mau puʻupuʻu tumo ia, ke loaʻa maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia ka biopsy ma ke keʻena o kahi gynecologist a i ʻole pathologist me kahi anesthesia kūloko, no ka mea, he mea pono e hoʻokomo i kahi nila i ka umauma a hiki i ka liona e ʻimi i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka nodule a i ʻole ka loli i ʻike ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua diagnostics ʻē aʻe.

6. Hōʻike lawaiʻa

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo FISH kahi hōʻike genetika hiki ke hana ma hope o ka biopsy, ke loaʻa kahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, e kōkua i ke kauka e koho i ke ʻano o ka lapaʻau kūpono loa e hoʻopau i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

I kēia hōʻike, ua kālailai ʻia kahi laʻana i lawe ʻia i ka biopsy i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai i nā genes kikoʻī mai nā hunaola maʻi 'aʻai, i kapa ʻia ʻo HER2, a, i ka manawa e hōʻike ai, ʻo ka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no ka maʻi ʻaʻai me kahi mea chemotherapeutic i kapa ʻia ʻo Trastuzumab, no ka laʻana .