Nā lāʻau COPD: He papa inoa o nā lāʻau e kōkua i ka hōʻoluʻolu i kāu mau hōʻailona

Anter

• ʻO nā bronchodilator hana pōkole
• Corticosteroids
• Nā Methylxanthines
• ʻO nā bronchodilator hana lōʻihi
• Laau hoʻohui
• ʻO Roflumilast
• Nā lāʻau Mucoactive
• Nā Wīwī
• Nā Antibiotics
• Nā lāʻau ʻaʻai no COPD
• Nā lāʻau biologic
• E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka

ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi (COPD) kahi hui o nā maʻi maʻi holomua e paʻakikī e hanu. Hiki i ka COPD ke hoʻopili i ka emphysema a me ka bronchitis mau.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka COPD, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e like me ka hanu ʻana i ka hanu, ka puʻu, ka hū ʻana, a me ka paʻa i kou umauma. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ʻo COPD e ka puhipaka, akā i kekahi mau kumu ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia e ka hanu ʻana i nā toxins mai ke kaiapuni.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no COPD, a mau ka ʻino i nā akemāmā a me nā alaloa. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mumū a wehe i kou mau kahawai e kōkua iā ʻoe e hanu maʻalahi me COPD.

ʻO nā bronchodilator hana pōkole

Kōkua ʻo Bronchodilators i ka wehe ʻana i kāu mau alanui i mea e maʻalahi ai ka hanu ʻana. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i nā bronchodilator hana pōkole no kahi hanana pilikia a i ʻole no ke kōkua wikiwiki ʻana inā pono. Lawe ʻoe iā lākou e hoʻohana nei i kahi inhaler a nebulizer paha.

Eia kekahi laʻana o nā bronchodilators hana pōkole:

• albuterol (Proair HFA, Ventolin HFA)
• levalbuterol (Xopenex)
• ipratropium (Atrovent HFA)
• albuterol / ipratropium (Combivent Respimat)

Hiki i nā bronchodilators hana pōkole ke hana i nā hopena ʻē aʻe e like me ka waha maloʻo, ʻeha poʻo, a me ka hanu. Pono e hala kēia mau hopena ma kahi o ka manawa. ʻO nā hopena ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka haʻalulu (haʻalulu), ka makaʻu, a me ka puʻuwai wikiwiki.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi maʻi puʻuwai, e haʻi i kāu kauka ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i kahi bronchodilator hana pōkole.

Corticosteroids

Me COPD, hiki ke hoʻā i kāu mau ala wai, e lilo ai i mea pehu a hoʻonāukiuki hoʻi. Hoʻonui ka puhū i ka hanu ʻana. ʻO Corticosteroids kahi ʻano lāʻau e hōʻemi ai i ka mumū i loko o ke kino, e maʻalahi ai ka holo ʻana o ka ea i nā akemāmā.

Loaʻa nā ʻano o nā corticosteroids. Hiki ʻole i kekahi ke hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā e like me ke kuhikuhi. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia lākou me ka hui pū me kahi lāʻau COPD hana lōʻihi.

Hoʻokomo ʻia a lawe ʻia paha e ka waha nā corticosteroids ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau palapala i kahi manawa pōkole ke lilo ka COPD i mea ʻino loa.

Kau pinepine nā kauka corticosteroids no COPD:

• Fluticasone (Flovent). Hele mai kēia ma ke ʻano he inhaler āu e hoʻohana ai i ʻelua mau lā i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki i nā hopena ʻaoʻao ke hoʻopili i ka ʻeha poʻo, ʻeha ka ʻāʻī, hoʻololi leo, nausea, nā ʻōuli like ke anu, a me ka thrush.
• Budesonide (Pulmicort). Hele mai kēia ma ke ʻano he inhaler paʻa lima a i ʻole no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nebulizer. Hiki i nā hopena ʻaoʻao ke hoʻopili i ke anu a me ka thrush.
• ʻO Prednisolone. Hele mai kēia ma ke ʻano he pila, wai, a kī ʻia paha. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ia no ka hoʻopakele hoʻopakele ʻana. Hiki i nā hopena ʻē aʻe ke komo i ka ʻeha poʻo, nāwaliwali i nā mākala, nā ʻōpū huhū, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha

Nā Methylxanthines

No kekahi poʻe me ka COPD koʻikoʻi, nā ʻano maʻamau o ka laina mua, e like me nā bronchodilator wikiwiki a me nā corticosteroids, me he mea lā ʻaʻole kōkua ke hoʻohana ʻia ma kā lākou iho.

Ke kū kēia, kēnā kekahi mau kauka i ka lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo theophylline me kahi bronchodilator. Hana ʻo Theophylline ma ke ʻano he lāʻau anti-inflammatory a hoʻomaha i nā mākala i nā alaloa. Hele mai ia ma ke ʻano he pill a wai paha āu e lawe ai i kēlā me kēia lā.

Hiki i nā hopena o ka theophylline ke hoʻopili i ka nausea a i ʻole ka luaʻi, haʻalulu, ʻeha poʻo, a me ka pilikia e hiamoe ana.

ʻO nā bronchodilator hana lōʻihi

ʻO nā bronchodilators hana lōʻihi he mau lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama iā COPD ma kahi o kahi manawa lōʻihi. Lawe pinepine ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau lā i kēlā me kēia lā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā inhalers a i ʻole nebulizers.

Ma muli o ka hana lohi o kēia mau lāʻau e kōkua ai i ka hanu ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou e hana wikiwiki e like me ka lāʻau hoʻopakele. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻohana ʻia i kahi hanana pilikia.

ʻO nā bronchodilators hana lōʻihi i loaʻa i kēia lā:

• aclidinium (Tudorza)
• arformoterol (Brovana)
• formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist)
• glycopyrrolate (Seebri Neohaler, Lonhala Magnair)
• indacaterol (Arcapta)
• olodaterol (Striverdi Respimat)
• Kahaia (Yupelri)
• salmeterol (Serevent)
• tiotropium (Spiriva)
• umeclidinium (Incruse Ellipta)

Hiki i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o nā bronchodilators hana lōʻihi ke hoʻopili pū:

• waha maloo
• ʻūpā
• haʻalulu
• ihu ihope
• hoʻonāukiuki a ʻalalā ʻāʻī paha
• hoʻohuhū ʻōpū

ʻO nā hopena ʻē aʻe e pili pū me ka hihi o ka blurry, ka wikiwiki a i ʻole kūlike ʻole o ka puʻuwai, a me kahi hopena maʻi ʻaʻai me ka pehu a me ka pehu paha.

Laau hoʻohui

Hele mai kekahi mau lāʻau COPD ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻohui. ʻO kēia nā hui nui o nā bronchodilator lōʻihi ʻelua a i ʻole corticosteroid inhaled a me kahi bronchodilator hana lōʻihi.

ʻO ka Triple therapy, kahi hui pū ʻia o kahi corticosteroid inhaled a ʻelua mau bronchodilator hana lōʻihi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka COPD koʻikoʻi a me nā hoʻā ʻana.

Hoʻohui pū ʻia o ʻelua mau bronchodilators hana lōʻihi me:

• aclidinium / formoterol (Duaklir)
• glycopyrrolate / formoterol (Bevespi Aerosphere)
• glycopyrrolate / indacaterol (Utibron Neohaler)
• tiotropium / olodaterol (Stiolto Respimat)
• umeclidinium / vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta)

Hoʻohui pū ʻia o kahi corticosteroid ʻona a me kahi bronchodilator hana lōʻihi me:

• budesonide / formoterol (Symbicort)
• fluticasone / salmeterol (Advair)
• fluticasone / vilanterol (Breo Ellipta)

Hoʻohui pū ʻia o kahi corticosteroid ʻona a me ʻelua mau bronchodilator hana lōʻihi, i kapa ʻia he triple therapy, me fluticasone / vilanterol / umeclidinium (Trelegy Ellipta).

Ua loaʻa i kahi triple therapy e hoʻemi ana i nā ahi a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana māmā i ka poʻe me COPD kiʻekiʻe.

Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike pū ʻia nō ka ʻoi aku o ka maʻi pneumonia me ka triple therapy ma mua o ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua mau lāʻau.

ʻO Roflumilast

ʻO Roflumilast (Daliresp) kahi ʻano lāʻau i kapa ʻia he inhibitor phosphodiesterase-4. Hele mai ia ma ke ʻano he pill i lawe ʻoe i hoʻokahi lā i ka lā.

Kōkua ʻo Roflumilast e hōʻoluʻolu i ka mumū, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe o ke ea i kou mau māmā. E kuhikuhi paha kāu kauka i kēia lāʻau me ka bronchodilator hana lōʻihi.

Hiki i nā hopena ʻē aʻe o roflumilast ke hoʻopili pū:

• Kaumaha emi
• pāhoehoe
• ʻeha poʻo
• nausea
• ʻūlū
• haʻalulu
• ʻōlohelohe

E hoʻomaopopo i kāu kauka inā he pilikia kou ake a kaumaha paha ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i kēia lāʻau.

Nā lāʻau Mucoactive

Hiki i ka COPD flare-up ke hoʻonui i nā pae o ka mucus i loko o nā akemāmā. Kōkua nā lāʻau Mucoactive i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka mucus a lahilahi paha iā ia i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke maʻalahi maʻalahi i ka ʻūlū iā ia. Hele pinepine lākou i loko o ka pila, a hoʻopili pū me:

• carbositistine
• erdosteine
• N-acetylcysteine

A ʻōlelo ʻia hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka lapalapa a me ke kīnā ʻole mai COPD. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noi ma 2017 e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka erdosteine ​​i ka helu a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka COPD flare-up.

Hiki i nā hopena o kēia mau lāʻau ke komo pū:

• nausea
• ka luaʻi
• ʻeha ka ʻōpū

Nā Wīwī

He mea nui i ka poʻe me COPD e loaʻa i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau flu makahiki. Hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku iā ʻoe e kiʻi pū i ka lāʻau ākea pneumococcal.

Hoʻoemi kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i kou makaʻu i ka maʻi ʻana a hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hōʻalo i nā maʻi a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka COPD.

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi loiloi noiʻi 2018 e hiki i ka lāʻau ākea flu ke hōʻemi i ka COPD flare-up, akā ua kahakaha ʻia aia he mau haʻawina o kēia manawa.

Nā Antibiotics

ʻO ka mālama mau ʻana me nā lāʻau ʻalopika e like me azithromycin a me erythromycin hiki ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana iā COPD.

Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi loiloi noiʻi 2018 e like me ka mālama mau ʻana o ka lāʻau antibiotic e hoʻemi ana i ka COPD flare-ups. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana hiki i ka hana antibiotic pinepine ke kumu i ke kūpaʻa antibiotic. Ua ʻike pū ʻia ua pili ka azithromycin me ka nalo ʻana o ka lohe ma ke ʻano he ʻaoʻao.

Pono nā noiʻi hou aʻe e hoʻoholo i nā hopena lōʻihi o ka hana antibiotic maʻamau.

Nā lāʻau ʻaʻai no COPD

Hiki paha i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi ʻaʻai ke hōʻemi i ka lī a me ka palena o ka poino mai COPD.

Ua loaʻa kahi noiʻi ma 2019 i ka lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo tyrphostin AG825 i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae wela ma zebrafish. Ua wikiwiki ka lāʻau i ka helu o ka make o neutrophil, ʻo ia nā hunaola e hoʻolauna i ka mumū, i nāʻiole me nā mumū i hoʻāʻo e like me COPD

Kau palena ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka tyrphostin AG825 a me nā lāʻau like no COPD a me nā kūlana hoʻāla ʻē aʻe. I ka hopena, lilo lākou i koho koho no COPD.

Nā lāʻau biologic

I kekahi poʻe, ʻo ka mumū mai COPD kahi hopena o eosinophilia, a i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka maʻamau o nā hunaola keokeo i kapa ʻia ʻo eosinophils.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻia hiki i nā lāʻau biologic ke mālama i kēia ʻano COPD. Hana ʻia nā lāʻau biologic mai nā hunaola ola. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau no ka hānō nui i hoʻokumu ʻia e eosinophilia, me:

• mepolizumab (Nucala)
• benralizumab (Fasenra)
• reslizumab (Cinqair)

Pono hou ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana iā COPD me kēia mau lāʻau biologic.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka

Mālama nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole i nā ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻōuli o COPD. E kauoha ana kāu kauka i nā lāʻau e mālama pono i kāu kūlana.

ʻO nā nīnau āu e nīnau ai i kāu kauka e pili ana i kāu hoʻolālā lapaʻau me:

• Ehia mau manawa e hoʻohana ai wau i kaʻu mau mālama COPD?
• Ke lawe nei wau i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e launa pū me kaʻu lāʻau COPD?
• Pehea ka lōʻihi e pono ai wau e lawe i kaʻu mau lāʻau COPD?
• He aha ke ala kūpono e hoʻohana ai i kaʻu inhaler?
• He aha ka hana inā kū koke wau i ka lawe ʻana i kaʻu lāʻau COPD?
• Ma waho o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau, he aha nā loli nohona e pono ai iaʻu e hana e hōʻoluʻolu i kaʻu mau hōʻailona COPD?
• He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā e hōʻeha koke wau i nā ʻōuli?
• Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke pale i nā hopena?

ʻO kēlā me kēia lāʻau a ke kauka e kuhikuhi ai, e pono e lawe ia e like me nā kuhikuhi a kāu kauka. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hopena koʻikoʻi, e like me ka hopena o ka maʻi me ka hū a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana, e kāhea koke aku i kāu kauka. Inā pilikia ʻoe i ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana o ka waha, elelo, a puʻu paha, e kāhea iā 911 a i ʻole nā ​​lawelawe olakino kūloko. Ma muli o ka hiki ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau COPD ke hoʻopili i kāu ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, e ʻike pono e haʻi aku i kāu kauka inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi puʻuwai puʻuwai ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia puʻuwai.