Diabetes insipidus: he aha ia, nā kumu, nā ʻōuli a me nā lāʻau

Anter

• Nā hōʻailona nui
• Pehea e hōʻoia ai i ke kuhi
• Nā kumu kūpono
• 1. Insipidus mimikō waena
• 2. ʻO ka nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
• 3. Insipidus mimikō ʻo Gestational
• 4. ʻO Insipidus diabetes diabetes
• Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau
• 1. Ka mālama ʻana i ka lawe wai
• 2. Hormone
• 3. Diuretics
• 4. Nā anti-inflammatories
• Nā pilikia i hiki
• He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka diabetes insipidus a me ka mellitus?

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes insipidus kahi maʻi i kū ma muli o ke kaulike ʻole o nā wai i ke kino, e alakaʻi ai i nā ʻōuli e like me ka make wai loa, ʻoiai inā inu ʻoe i ka wai, a me ka nui o ka hana ʻana i ka mimi, ka mea e hopena ai i ka make wai.

Kū kēia ʻano ma muli o nā loli i nā wahi o ka lolo nona ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana, mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka hormone antidiuretic (ADH), i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo vasopressin, ka mea e kaohi ai i ka wikiwiki o ka mimi e hana ai, akā hiki ke hana ʻia ma muli o nā loli o ka nā puʻupaʻa e pane ʻole i kēlā hormone.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau diabetes insipidus, eia nō naʻe, nā mālama ʻana, ka mea pono e hōʻike ʻia e ke kauka, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka make wai loa a hoʻemi i ka hana mimi.

Nā hōʻailona nui

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus he make wai kaohi ʻole, ka hana ʻana i ka nui o ka mimi, pono pinepine e ala e mimi i ka pō a me ka makemake no ka inu ʻana i nā wai anuanu. Hoʻohui ʻia, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻolilo ka inu wai nui i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻike i ka hormone ADH a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ʻana o kēia hōmona, kahi e hōʻeha ai i nā ʻōuli.

Hiki i kēia maʻi ke hana i nā pēpē a me nā keiki a no ka hana nui ʻana o ka mimi he mea nui e makaʻala i nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus e like me nā diapers pulu mau a i ʻole hiki ke keiki i ka mimi i ka moena, paʻakikī i ka hiamoe, ke kuni, ka luaʻi, ka paʻa. , ka lohi o ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻemi kaumaha.

Pehea e hōʻoia ai i ke kuhi

ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka insipidus diabetes e pono e hana ʻia e ka endocrinologist a i ʻole, i ka hihia o nā pēpē a me nā keiki, kahi pediatrician, nāna e noi i kahi 24-hour urine volume test a me nā hoʻokolohua koko e nānā i nā pae sodium a me potassium, i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia. Eia hou, hiki i ke kauka ke noi i kahi hoʻokolohua kapu wai, kahi e hoʻokipa ʻia ai ke kanaka, me ka inu ʻole ʻana i nā wai a nānā ʻia no nā hōʻailona o ka make wai, ka nui o ka mimi i hana ʻia a me nā pae hormonone. ʻO kekahi hōʻike hou aʻe a ke kauka e kauoha ai he MRI o ka lolo e nānā i nā loli i ka lolo e hoʻomaka ana i ka maʻi.

Nā kumu kūpono

Pili nā kumu o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus i ke ʻano o ka maʻi a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me:

1. Insipidus mimikō waena

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka insipidus diabetes waena e nā loli i ka ʻāpana o ka lolo i kapa ʻia ʻo hypothalamus, i nalowale kona hiki ke hana i ka hormone ADH, a i ʻole ke pituitary gland ke kuleana no ka mālama ʻana a hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ADH i ke kino a hiki ke kumu ʻia e:

• Nā hana o ka lolo;
• Trauma poʻo;
• ʻŌpū o ka lolo a i ʻole aneurysm;
• Nā maʻi Autoimmune;
• Nā maʻi genetic;
• Nā maʻi i loko o ka lolo;
• Ka ālai ʻana i nā kīʻaha koko e hāʻawi i ka lolo.

Ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nā pae o ka hormone ADH, ʻaʻole hiki i nā puʻupaʻa ke kaohi i ka hana o ka mimi, e hoʻomaka ana e hana i nā nui, no laila ke mimi nui nei ke kanaka, hiki ke piʻi ma mua o 3 a 30 liters i kēlā me kēia lā.

2. ʻO ka nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Hana ʻia ka nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ke maʻamau ka paʻa o ka hormone ADH i loko o ke koko, akā ʻaʻole pane nā pākeke iā ia. ʻO nā kumu nui:

• Hoʻohana o nā lāʻau, e like me ka lithium, rifampicin, gentamicin a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻike hoʻohālikelike, no ka laʻana;
• Maʻi maʻi polycystic;
• Nā maʻi ʻiʻo koʻikoʻi;
• Nā loli i nā pae potassium o ke koko;
• ʻO nā maʻi e like me ka anemia o ka cell sickle, myeloma maha, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, no ka laʻana;
• Ke kuʻi hope ʻana ma hope o ka hakuʻala;
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻa puʻuwai;
• Nā kumu i wehewehe ʻole a idiopathic paha.

Hoʻohui ʻia, aia nā kumu kūlohelohe no ka nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a ʻoi loa, a ua hōʻike ʻia mai ka wā kamaliʻi.

3. Insipidus mimikō ʻo Gestational

ʻO kahi maʻi maʻamau ʻo Gestational diabetes insipidus, akā hiki ke hana ʻia ma kahi o ke kolu o ka trimester o ka hāpai ʻana ma muli o ka hana ʻana o kahi enzyme e ka placenta, kahi e luku ai i ka hormone ADH a ka wahine, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻōuli.

Eia nō naʻe, he maʻi ia e kū wale i ka wā hāpai, normalizing ma kahi o 4 a 6 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

4. ʻO Insipidus diabetes diabetes

ʻO ka insipidus diabetes Dipsogenic, i kapa ʻia ʻo polydipsia mua, hiki ke hana ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka make wai i ka hypothalamus, e alakaʻi ana i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus. Hiki ke pili pū kekahi ʻano diabetes i nā maʻi noʻonoʻo, e like me schizophrenia, no ka laʻana.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi diabetes insipidus ka manaʻo e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka mimi a ke kino e hana ai a e hōʻike ʻia e ke kauka e like me ke kumu o ka maʻi.

I nā hihia kahi i loaʻa ai ka maʻi diabetes insipidus e ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau, hiki i ke kauka ke paipai e hoʻopau i ka hoʻohana a hoʻololi i kahi ʻano lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. I nā maʻi noʻonoʻo, pono e mālama ʻia e ka psychiatrist me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī no kēlā me kēia hihia, a i ʻole inā i hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi diabetes insipidus e kahi maʻi, no ka laʻana, pono e mālama ʻia ka maʻi ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi lapaʻau kūikawā.

Ma ka laulaha, pili nā ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi a me ke ʻano o ka diabetes insipidus, a hiki ke hana ʻia me:

1. Ka mālama ʻana i ka lawe wai

I nā hihia maʻalahi o ka insipidus diabetes waena, hiki i ke kauka ke ʻōlelo aku e kaohi wale ana i ka nui o ka wai i lawe ʻia, a ua pono e inu ma kahi o 2.5 liters o ka wai i kēlā lā i kēia lā e hōʻalo i ka make wai.

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo insipidus diabetes Central he akahai inā hana ke kanaka i 3 a 4 mau lita mimi wale nō i 24 mau hola.

2. Hormone

I nā hihia ʻoi loa o ka maʻi kō diabetes inipidus a i ʻole ka insipidus diabetes hāpai, hiki i ke kauka ke koi aku i ka hoʻololi ʻia o ka ADH hormone, ma o ka desmopressin a i ʻole DDAVP, i hiki ke lawelawe ʻia ma o ka aa, ma ka waha a i ʻole ka inhalation.

ʻO Desmopressin kahi hormone ikaika a ʻoi aku ka pale i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ma mua o ka ADH i hana maoli ʻia e ke kino a hana e like me ka ADH maoli, e pale ana i nā puʻupaʻa mai ka hana mimi ke haʻahaʻa ka pae wai i ke kino.

3. Diuretics

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā diuretics, keu hoʻi i nā hihia koʻikoʻi o ka nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, a ʻo ka diuretic i manaʻo nui ʻia e ke kauka ʻo hydrochlorothiazide e hana nei ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o ke kānana ʻana o ke koko ma o nā puʻupaʻa, kahi e hoʻemi ai i ka nui o ka mimi i lawe ʻia e ke kino.

Eia hou, pono i kāu kauka ke koi aku i ka papa paʻakai haʻahaʻa e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka mimi i hana ʻia e kou puʻupaʻa a inu ma kahi o 2.5 liters o ka wai i ka lā e pale ai i ka make wai.

4. Nā anti-inflammatories

Hōʻike ʻia nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory, e like me ka ibuprofen, e ke kauka i nā hihia o ka nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ke kōkua nei lākou e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka mimi a pono e hoʻohana ʻia me nā diuretics.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory no ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka ulia ʻōpū. I kēia hihia, hiki i ke kauka ke koi aku i kahi lāʻau e pale ai i ka ʻōpū e like me omeprazole a i ʻole esomeprazole.

Nā pilikia i hiki

ʻO nā pilikia i hiki i ka maʻi diabetes insipidus ke kumu i ka make wai a i ʻole ke kaulike ʻole o nā electrolytes i loko o ke kino e like me ka sodium, potassium, calcium a me ka magnesium, ma muli o ka lilo nui o nā wai a me nā electrolytes e ke kino ma o ka mimi, a hiki ke kumu i nā hōʻailona e like me:

• Waha maloo;
• ʻEha poʻo poʻo;
• Puʻupuʻu;
• Huikau a huhū paha;
• luhi nui loa;
• ʻehaʻeha a ʻūpī paha i nā mākala;
• Nusea a i ʻole ka luaʻi;
• Loaʻa ka ʻai ʻole.

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau ʻōuli, pono ʻoe e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua olakino a i ʻole ke keʻena pilikia kokoke loa.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka diabetes insipidus a me ka mellitus?

ʻOkoʻa ka insipidus diabetes mai ka diabetes mellitus, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa ka mau homoni e hoʻololi ai i kēia ʻano ʻelua.

I ka maʻi diabetes insipidus aia kahi loli o ka hormone ADH e kaohi i ka nui o ka mimi a ke kanaka e hana ai. I ka maʻi diabetes, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā kiʻekiʻe o ke kō glucose ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana ʻana o ka insulin e ke kino a i ʻole ke kūpaʻa o ke kino e pane i ka insulin. E nānā i nā ʻano maʻi diabetes.