He aha ka maʻi ʻaʻai Throat?

Anter

• Nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai o ka puʻu
• Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i nā hōʻailona hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻāʻī
• Nā kumu a me nā mea pilikia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻu
• Ke hōʻike nei i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka puʻu
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū
• Nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi
• Mākēneki resonance kiʻi (MRI)
• ʻO ka tomography emission Positron (PET scan)
• Pūnaewele tomua (CT scan)
• E ale ʻo Barium
• X-ray umauma
• Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī
• ʻOki kino
• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala
• ʻO Chemotherapy
• Pahuhopu kau ʻia
• Hoʻoiho lāʻau hou
• ʻO ka nānā lōʻihi no ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻu
• Kāohi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻu
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū: Q & A
• Q:
• A:

He aha ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī?

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai kahi papa o nā maʻi e hoʻonui a hoʻonui ai i nā hunaola i loko o ke kino. Hoʻokumu kēia mau pūnaewele ʻino i nā ulu uluʻino i kapa ʻia he tumors.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū ʻo Throat e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka pahu leo, nā kaula leo, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka puʻu, e like me nā tonsil a me nā oropharynx. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai Throat i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ka maʻi ʻaʻai pharyngeal a me ka maʻi ʻaʻa laryngeal.

ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia ka kanesa ʻāʻī i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Ua koho ka National Cancer Institute i nā mākua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

• ma kahi o 1.2 pākēneka e ʻike ʻia me ka hakahaka waha a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai pharyngeal i loko o ko lākou ola.
• ma kahi o 0.3 pakeneka e ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai laryngeal i loko o ko lākou ola.

Nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai o ka puʻu

ʻOiai ʻo nā maʻi ʻāʻī āpau e pili i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola ʻokoʻa, pono i kāu kauka e hoʻomaopopo i kāu ʻano kikoʻī e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau maikaʻi loa.

ʻO nā ʻano kumu ʻelua o ke kanesa ʻāʻī ʻo:

• Ka maʻi kanesa puʻukū. Hoʻopili kēia ʻano kanesa puʻu i nā hunaola pālahalaha e uhi ana i ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī ʻoi loa ma United States.
• Adenocarcinoma. Hoʻopili kēia ʻano ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī i nā hunaola glandular a kākaʻikahi loa.

ʻElua ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī ʻo:

• Maʻi ʻaʻai Pharyngeal. Hoʻomohala kēia maʻi ʻaʻai i ka pharynx, ʻo ia ka hollow tube e holo mai ana ma hope o kou ihu a i ka piko o kāu puka makani. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi Pharyngeal e hoʻomohala i ka ʻāʻī a me ka puʻu e:
  • kanesa nasopharynx (luna o ka ʻāʻī)
  • maʻi ʻaʻai oropharynx (ma waena o ka ʻāʻī)
  • maʻi ʻaʻai hypopharynx (lalo o ka ʻāʻī)
  • Maʻi ʻaʻai Laryngeal. Hana kēia kanesa i ka larynx, ʻo ia kāu pahu leo.

Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i nā hōʻailona hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻāʻī

Hiki ke paʻakikī ke ʻike i ke kanesa ʻāʻī i kona wā mua. ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau a me nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻu me:

• e hoʻololi i kou leo
• pilikia i ka ale ʻana (disphagia)
• Kaumaha emi
• eha ka 'ā'ī
• pono mau e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou puʻu
• kūmau mauu (hiki paha i ke koko)
• pehu nā lymph node i ka ʻāʻī
• ʻūhā
• ʻeha pepeiao
• hulahula

E hana i kahi koho a ke kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona a ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi ma hope o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pule.

Nā kumu a me nā mea pilikia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻu

Hoʻolālā paha nā kāne i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī ma mua o nā wahine.

Hoʻonui kekahi mau ʻano nohona i ka pilikia o ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻāʻī, me:

• puhipaka
• inu lama loa
• ʻai maikaʻi ʻole
• ʻike ʻia i asbestos
• hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahua niho maikaʻi ʻole
• nā genetona genetika

Pili pū ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai kūpā me kekahi ʻano o nā maʻi papillomavirus kanaka (HPV). ʻO HPV kahi maʻi lele i hoʻoili ʻia. ʻO ka maʻi HPV kahi mea pilikia no kekahi maʻi ʻaʻai oropharyngeal, e like me nā Centers Treaty Cancer o ʻAmelika.

Ua pili pū ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai kūlohelohe i nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi poʻe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻu me ka esophageal, lung, a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai pūhū i ka manawa like. ʻO kēia paha no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau maʻi ʻaʻai kekahi o nā ʻano pilikia like.

Ke hōʻike nei i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka puʻu

I kāu koho ʻana, e nīnau ana kāu kauka e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona a me ka mōʻaukala olakino. Inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i nā ʻōuli e like me ka ʻāʻī ʻeha, hoarseness, a me ka hoʻomau mau me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻole a ʻaʻohe wehewehe ʻē aʻe, manaʻo paha lākou he kanesa ʻāʻī.

No ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī, e hana kāu kauka i kahi laryngoscopy pololei a i ʻole ʻole e kuhikuhi iā ʻoe i kahi loea no ke kaʻina hana.

Hāʻawi kahi laryngoscopy i kāu kauka i kahi nānā kokoke o kou puʻu. Inā hōʻike kēia hōʻike i nā mea kūpono ʻole, lawe paha kāu kauka i kahi laʻana kikoʻī (i kapa ʻia he biopsy) mai kou ʻāʻī a hoʻāʻo i ka hāpana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Koi paha kāu kauka i kekahi o kēia ʻano biopsies:

• Biopsy kuʻuna. No kēia kaʻina hana, hana kāu kauka i kahi ʻoki a hoʻoneʻe i kahi ʻāpana o nā kiko. Hana ʻia kēia ʻano biopsy i ka lumi hana ma lalo o ka anesthesia ākea.
• ʻO ka makemake o ka nila maikaʻi (FNA). No kēia biopsy, hoʻokomo kāu kauka i kahi nila kele lahilahi i pololei i kahi tumo e hoʻopau i nā hunaola.
• Biopsy hopena. I mea e hoʻoneʻe ai i kahi mea kiko kiko e hoʻohana ana i ka endoscope, hoʻokomo kāu kauka i kahi puʻupuʻu lahilahi, lōʻihi ma o kou waha, ihu, a i ʻole kahi ʻokiʻoki.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū

Inā loaʻa i kāu kauka nā pūnana maʻi maʻi i loko o kou puʻu, e kauoha lākou i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku e ʻike i ke kahua, a i ʻole ka nui, o kou maʻi ʻaʻai. Aia nā pae mai 0 a 4:

• Kahua 0: Aia wale ka tumo ma ka papa luna o nā hunaola o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopili ʻia o ka ʻāʻī.
• Kahua 1: ʻO ka tumo ma lalo o 2 cm a kaupalena ʻia i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāʻī kahi i hoʻomaka ai.
• Kahua 2: Aia ka tumo ma waena o 2 a me 4 knm a i ʻole ua ulu aʻe i wahi kokoke.
• Kahua 3: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka tumo ma mua o 4 cm a i ʻole ua ulu aʻe i loko o nā hale ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole pālahalaha ʻia i hoʻokahi kōpona lymph.
• Kahua 4: Ua pālahalaha ka tumo i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ​​meaola mamao.

Nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi

Hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua like ʻole e hoʻokau ai i kou kanesa maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi o ka umauma, ka ʻāʻī, a me ke poʻo ke hāʻawi i kahi kiʻi ʻoi aku o ka holomua o ka maʻi. Pili pū paha kēia mau hoʻāʻo i kēia.

Mākēneki resonance kiʻi (MRI)

Hoʻohana kēia ho'āʻo kiʻi ʻana i nā nalu lekiō a me nā mākēneki ikaika e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o loko o kou ʻāʻī. Nānā kahi MRI i nā tumors a hiki ke hoʻoholo inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

E moe ʻoe i loko o kahi pahu haiki ʻoiai hana ka mīkini i nā kiʻi. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻoia akā ʻaʻole mau ka lōʻihi ma mua o hoʻokahi hola.

ʻO ka tomography emission Positron (PET scan)

Hoʻopili kahi scan PET i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi ʻano o ke kala radioactive i loko o ke koko. Hoʻokumu ka scan i nā kiʻi o nā wahi o ka radioactivity i kou kino. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻokolohua kiʻi i nā hihia o ka maʻi ʻaʻai nui.

Pūnaewele tomua (CT scan)

Hoʻohana kēia hoʻokolohua kiʻi i nā kukuna X e hana i kahi kiʻi ʻāpana o kou kino. Hoʻopuka pū kekahi CT scan i nā kiʻi o nā mea palupalu a me nā ʻokena.

Kōkua kēia scan i kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i ka nui o kahi tumo. Kōkua pū ia iā lākou e hoʻoholo inā ua pālahalaha ka tumo i nā wahi like ʻole, e like me nā lymph node a me nā akemāmā.

E ale ʻo Barium

E ʻōlelo paha kāu kauka i ka aleum bariow inā pilikia ʻoe i ka ale ʻana. E inu ʻoe i kahi wai mānoanoa e hoʻopili i kou ʻāʻī a me kou esophagus. Hoʻokumu kēia hōʻike i nā kiʻi X-ray o kou ʻāʻī a me kou esophagus.

X-ray umauma

Inā manaʻo kāu kauka ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kou mau māmā, pono ʻoe i kahi X-ray umauma e nānā ai i nā mea kūpono ʻole.

Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī

Ma loko o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, e hana like ʻoe me nā ʻano loea. Aia kēia mau loea i:

• he oncologist, nāna e hana i nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hemo ʻana o nā tumors
• he radiation oncologist, nāna e mālama i kou maʻi ʻaʻai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka radiation radiation
• kahi pathologist, nāna e nānā i nā laʻa kiko mai kāu biopsy

Inā loaʻa kahi biopsy a i ʻole ʻoki kino, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi anesthesiologist nāna e mālama i ka anesthesia a nānā i kāu kūlana i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.

ʻO nā koho lapaʻau no ka kanesa ʻāʻī pū me ke ʻoki ʻana, ka radiation radiation, a me ka chemotherapy. ʻO ke ʻano hana e koi ʻia e kāu kauka e pili i ka nui o kāu maʻi, i waena o nā kumu ʻē aʻe.

ʻOki kino

Inā liʻiliʻi ka tumo i loko o kou ʻāʻī, hiki i kāu kauka ke wehe i ka maʻi tumor. Hana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino i ka haukapila ʻoiai ʻoe e hoʻomaha ana. Koi paha kāu kauka i kekahi o nā kaʻina hana ʻoki aʻe:

• ʻOki kino Endoscopic. Hoʻohana kēia kaʻina hana i kahi endoscope (kahi paipu lahilahi lōʻihi me ke kukui a me ka pahu paʻi ma ka hopena) kahi e hiki ai ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea ʻoki lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​kukuna e mālama ai i nā maʻi ʻōiwi mua.
• Cordectomy. Lawe kēia hana i nā mea āpau a hapa paha o kāu mau leo ​​leo.
• Laryngectomy. Lawe kēia hana i nā mea āpau a hapa paha o kāu pahu leo, e like me ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻōlelo maʻamau ma hope o ke kaha ʻana. E aʻo kekahi pehea e ʻōlelo ai me ka ʻole o ka pahu leo.
• Pharyngectomy. Lawe kēia hana i kahi ʻāʻī o kou ʻāʻī.
• ʻOki ʻoki. Inā pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī i loko o ka ʻāʻī, hiki i kāu kauka ke wehe i kekahi o kāu mau lymph node.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

Ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ka tumo, hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i ka radiation radiation. Hoʻohana ka radiation radiation i nā kukuna ikaika loa e luku i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai malignant. Kuhi ia i nā hunaola maʻi ʻea i waiho ʻia e ka tumo. Nā ʻano o ka radiation therapy me:

• ʻO ka radiotherapy uila a me ka 3D-conformal radiation radiation. I nā ʻano ʻelua o ka mālama ʻana, hoʻomoe ʻia nā kaola kukuna i ke ʻano o ka tumo. ʻO kēia ke ala maʻamau e hāʻawi ʻia ai ka radiation no ka maʻi ʻaʻai laryngeal a me hypopharyngeal.
• ʻO Brachytherapy. Hoʻokomo pololei ʻia nā ʻano radioactive i loko o ka tumo a i ʻole kokoke i ka tumo. ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano pāhawewe no ka maʻi ʻaʻai laryngeal a me hypopharyngeal, kākaʻikahi ia.

ʻO Chemotherapy

I ke kumu o nā tumors nui a me nā puʻupuʻu i pālahalaha ʻia i nā pūnana lymph a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​meaola, hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku iā chemotherapy a me ka radiation. ʻO Chemotherapy kahi lāʻau e hoʻomake a hoʻolohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola malignant.

Pahuhopu kau ʻia

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā lāʻau e hōʻoki i ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai ma o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i nā mole kikoʻī e kuleana i ka ulu ulu ʻana. ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka lāʻau hoʻomoʻohana e hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka kanesa ʻāʻī ʻo cetuximab (Erbitux).

Ke ʻimi ʻia nei kekahi ʻano ʻano lāʻau hoʻomōhala ʻē ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. Hiki i kāu kauka ke koi i kēia lāʻau me ka chemotherapy maʻamau a me ka radiation.

Hoʻoiho lāʻau hou

Pono kekahi poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī ma hope o ka lapaʻau e aʻo hou pehea e ʻōlelo ai. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kēia ma ka hana ʻana me kahi haʻi ʻōlelo a me ka mea hoʻoponopono kino.

Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike kekahi poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī i nā pilikia. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana
• disfigurement o ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ke alo
• hiki ʻole ke ʻōlelo
• paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana
• ʻoʻoleʻa ka ʻili ma ka ʻāʻī

Hiki i nā mea hoʻoponopono ʻoihana hana ke kōkua me ka ʻānai ʻana i ka pilikia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkākūkā me ke kauka hana hou inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi helehelena a i ʻole ʻāʻī disfigurement ma hope o ke kahakaha ʻana.

ʻO ka nānā lōʻihi no ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻu

Inā ʻike wawe ʻia, nui ke ola o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī ke hoʻolaha ʻia nā hunaola malignant i nā ʻāpana o ke kino ma ʻō aku o ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia ke hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana e hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ola a lohi i ka holomua o ka maʻi.

Kāohi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻu

ʻAʻohe ala kūpono e pale aku ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻāʻī, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hana e hōʻemi ai i kāu pilikia.

• Uoki ka puhipaka. E hoʻohana i nā huahana over-the-counter e like me nā huahana pani nikotina e haʻalele ai i ka puhipaka ʻana, a i ʻole e kamaʻilio pū me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e kōkua ai iā ʻoe e haʻalele.
• E hoʻemi i ka lawe ʻana i ka waiʻona. ʻAʻole pono nā kāne e ʻai ma mua o ʻelua mau mea inu ʻona i kēlā lā i kēia lā, a ʻaʻole pono nā wahine e ʻai ma mua o hoʻokahi inu waiʻona i kēlā me kēia lā.
• Mālama a nohona olakino. ʻAi i nā huaʻai, nā lauʻai, a me nā ʻiʻo momona. E hoʻemi i ka momona a me ka lawe ʻana i ka sodium a hana i nā hana e nalo ai ke kaupaona. Hana i ka hoʻoikaika kino ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2.5 mau hola o ka pule.
• E hoʻemi i kāu makaʻi i HPV. Ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia maʻi i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī. I mea e pale ai iā ʻoe iho, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka moekolohe palekana. E kamaʻilio pū i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā pono o ka lāʻau āpau HPV.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū: Q & A

Q:

He hoʻoilina hoʻoilina ko ka ʻāʻī?

A:

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kanesa ʻāʻī e pili maʻamau i ka puhipaka a me ka hoʻoilina ʻole, ke ʻole ke koho ʻia nā ʻohana i ka puhipaka. Ma waho o ka larynx, kahi mau genes hoʻoilina i predispose lālā o ka ʻohana i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe ka hoʻololi ʻana o DNA mai ko lākou mau mākua e hoʻonui nui i kā lākou makaʻu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi ʻaʻai. Ma muli o ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o nā oncogenes a i ʻole nā ​​gen suppressor tumor i hana pinepine ʻole ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai puʻu, akā ua ʻike ʻia kekahi poʻe e hoʻoemi i ka hiki ke wāwahi i kekahi ʻano o nā kemika i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia poʻe i ka hopena o ka uahi paka, ka wai ʻona, a me kekahi mau kemika hana.