He aha kāu e ʻike ai e pili ana i ka makapō

Anter

• He aha nā hōʻailona o ka makapō?
• Nā ʻōuli o ka makapō i nā pēpē
• He aha ke kumu o ka makapō?
• Nā kumu o ka makapō i nā pēpē
• ʻO wai ka makaʻu i ka makapō?
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka makapō?
• ʻImiʻike makapō i nā pēpē
• Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka makapō?
• He aha ka manaʻo lōʻihi?
• Pehea e pale ai i ka makapō?

Hōʻike Overview

ʻO ka makapō ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike i kekahi mea, me ke kukui.

Inā makapō hapa ʻoe, he ʻike palena kou. ʻO kahi laʻana, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka hihi pohihihi a i ʻole hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kinona o nā mea. ʻO ka makapō piha ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike āpau.

Pili ka makapō loio i ka hihiʻo i hoʻohoka nui ʻia. He aha ka mea me ka ʻike maka maʻamau e ʻike ai mai 200 kapuaʻi ka mamao, kahi makapō kū kānāwai e ʻike ai mai 20 kapuaʻi wale nō ka mamao.

E ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā lilo koke ʻoe i ka hiki ke ʻike. E lawe kekahi iā ʻoe i ka lumi pilikia no ka mālama ʻana. Mai kali no ka hoʻi ʻana o kāu ʻike.

Ma muli o ke kumu o kou makapō, hiki i ka mālama koke ʻana ke hoʻonui i kou manawa kūpono no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kāu hihiʻo. Hoʻopili paha ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻoki a i ʻole ka lāʻau.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka makapō?

Inā makapō loa ʻoe, ʻaʻohe ou mea e ʻike ai. Inā makapō hapa ʻoe, ʻike paha ʻoe i nā ʻōuli penei:

• ʻike maka ʻōpua
• hiki ʻole ke ʻike i nā kinona
• he aka wale nō ka ʻike ʻana
• ʻike maka hune ʻole
• hihiʻo hilo

Nā ʻōuli o ka makapō i nā pēpē

Hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana ʻike o kāu keiki e ulu i loko o ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole piha piha a hiki i kahi o 2 mau makahiki.

Ma o 6 a 8 mau pule o kou mau makahiki, hiki i kāu pēpē ke hoʻoponopono i ko lākou nānā i kahi mea a hāhai i kāna neʻe. Ma nā makahiki 4, pono e hoʻopili pono i ko lākou mau maka a huli ʻole i loko a i waho.

Hiki i nā ʻōuli o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka ʻike i nā keiki ʻōpio ke komo pū me:

• hamo maka mau
• kahi manaʻo nui loa i ka mālam
• ka nānā ʻilihune
• ʻulaʻula maka maka mau
• haehae mau i ko lākou mau maka
• he keʻokeʻo ma kahi o ka haumāna ʻeleʻele
• ʻimi ʻike maka maikaʻi ʻole, a i ʻole pilikia e pili ana i kahi mea me ko lākou mau maka
• kaulike maka a neʻe paha ma hope o 6 mau makahiki o ka makahiki

He aha ke kumu o ka makapō?

ʻO nā maʻi a me nā ʻano maka e hiki ai ke makapō:

• ʻO Glaucoma e pili ana i nā ʻano maka ʻokoʻa e hiki ke hōʻino i kāu nerve optic, e lawe nei i ka ʻike ʻike mai kou mau maka i kou lolo.
• Hoʻopau ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular i ka ʻāpana o kou maka e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kikoʻī. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā mākua makua.
• Hoʻokumu ʻo Cataract i ka ʻike ʻōpua. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o lākou i ka poʻe kahiko.
• Hiki i ka maka palaualelo ke hana paʻakikī i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kikoʻī. E alakaʻi paha i ka nalo ʻana o ka hihiʻo.
• ʻO Optic neuritis ka mumū e hiki ai ke lilo i ka manawa pōkole a i ʻole ka ʻike mau loa ʻana.
• Retinitis pigmentosa pili i ka hōʻino o ka retina. Alakaʻi ia i ka makapō wale i nā hanana kakaʻī.
• Hiki i nā tumors e hoʻopili i ka retina a i ʻole ke aʻa optic ke kumu i ka makapō.

ʻO ka makapō kahi pilikia hiki ke loaʻa inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole loaʻa i ka maʻi kō. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o ka makapō pū kekahi:

• hānau kīnā ʻole
• ʻeha nā maka
• nā pilikia mai ke ʻoki ʻana o ka maka

Nā kumu o ka makapō i nā pēpē

Hiki i nā kūlana aʻe ke hōʻino i ka ʻike a i ʻole ke kumu i makapō i nā pēpē.

• nā maʻi, e like me ka maka ʻākala
• ā paʻa nā puka waimaka
• cataract
• strabismus (maka maka)
• amblyopia (maka palaualelo)
• ptosis (droopy eyelid)
• glaucoma hikiwawe
• retinopathy o prematurity (ROP), i loaʻa i nā pēpē pēpē ke ʻole e hoʻomohala piha ʻia nā kīʻaha koko e hāʻawi i kā lākou retina.
• ʻike maka ʻole, a i ʻole hoʻopaneʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana ʻike o kāu keiki

ʻO wai ka makaʻu i ka makapō?

ʻO nā mahele aʻe o ka poʻe i makaʻu i ka makapō:

• ka poʻe me nā maʻi maka, e like me macular degeneration a me glaucoma
• poʻe me ka maʻi kō
• nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi hōʻino
• ka poʻe e hana ana i ka ʻoki ʻana o ka maka
• ka poʻe e hana pū ana a kokoke paha i nā mea ʻoi aku a i ʻole nā ​​kemika ʻino
• bebe pēpē

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka makapō?

ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua maka maka e ka optometrist e kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kumu o kou makapō a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike.

E mālama ana kāu kauka kauka i kahi o nā hoʻokolohua e ana ai:

• ka mōakāka o kāu ʻike
• ka hana o kou mau mākala mākala
• pehea ka hopena o kāu poʻe haumāna i ka mālam

E nānā lākou i ke olakino laulā o kou mau maka e hoʻohana ana i kahi kukui slit. ʻO kahi microscope uila haʻahaʻa i hoʻopili ʻia me ke kukui uila kiʻekiʻe.

ʻImiʻike makapō i nā pēpē

E nānā kahi kaukō pediatric i kāu pēpē no nā pilikia o ka maka ma hope koke iho o ka hānau ʻana. Ma 6 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, e nānā i kahi kauka maka a i ʻole ka pediatrician e nānā hou i kāu keiki no ka ʻike maka, ka nānā ʻana, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka maka.

E nānā ke kauka i nā hanana o nā maka o kāu pēpē a ʻike inā hiki iā lākou ke ukali i kahi mea māmā a kala paha me ko lākou mau maka.

Hiki i kāu keiki ke hoʻolohe i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki e 6 a 8 mau makahiki o kou mau makahiki. Inā ʻaʻole pane kāu keiki i ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ka mālamalama i ko lākou mau maka a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i nā mea kala e 2 a 3 mau mahina, e nānā koke ko lākou mau maka.

E nānā i nā maka o kāu keiki inā ʻoe e ʻike i nā maka a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka hihi.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka makapō?

I kekahi mau hihia o ka ʻike maka ʻole, hiki i kekahi a ʻoi paha o kēia ke kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻike.

• maka aniani
• nā aniani pili
• ʻoki kino
• lāʻau lapaʻau

Inā ʻike ʻoe i ka makapō hapa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia, e hāʻawi ke kauka i ke alakaʻi e pili ana i ka hana me ka ʻike palena palena. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi aniani hoʻonui e heluhelu ai, hoʻonui i ka nui o ka huaʻōlelo ma kāu kamepiula, a hoʻohana i nā uaki leo a me nā audiobooks.

Pono ka makapō piha i ke hoʻokokoke ʻana i ke ola i kahi ala hou a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā mākau hou. ʻO kahi laʻana, pono ʻoe e aʻo pehea e:

• heluhelu mai iā Braille
• hoʻohana i kahi ʻīlio alakaʻi
• hoʻonohonoho i kou home i hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa maʻalahi i nā mea a palekana
• pelu kālā ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā nui o ka pila

Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ke kiʻi ʻana i kekahi huahana adaptive, e like me ke kelepona akamai, ka ʻike kala, a me ka lako kuke maʻalahi. Aia nō i nā pono haʻuki adaptive, e like me nā pōpō soccer.

He aha ka manaʻo lōʻihi?

ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kuanaʻike o ke kanaka no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hihiʻo a me ka lohi o ka ʻike maka ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke pale ʻia ka ʻimi a ʻimi koke ʻia.

Hiki i ke ʻoki kino ke mālama pono i nā cataract. ʻAʻole kūpono lākou i ka makapō. He mea nui ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hihia o ka glaucoma a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e kōkua ai i ka hoʻolohi a hoʻopau paha i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike.

Pehea e pale ai i ka makapō?

E ʻike ai i nā maʻi maka a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi, e nānā i nā maka o ka maka mau. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hōʻailona o kekahi mau maka o ka maka, e like me ka glaucoma, hiki i ka mālama ʻana me nā lāʻau ke pale i ka makapō.

I mea e pale aku ai i ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi, paipai ka American Optometric Association iā ʻoe e nānā i nā maka o kāu keiki:

• ma 6 mau makahiki o ka makahiki
• i nā makahiki 3
• i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma waena o 6 a 17 makahiki

Inā ʻoe e ʻike i nā ʻōuli o ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi ma waena o nā kipa maʻamau, e hoʻopaʻa manawa me kā lākou kauka kauka.