ʻO Bacteriophage: he aha ia, pehea e ʻike ai a me ke ola holo (lytic a me lysogenic)

Anter

• Nā ʻano o ka bacteriophage
• Pehea e hana ai i nā pōpō lytic a me lysogenic
• Pōʻai uila Lytic
• Pōʻai Lysogenic
• He aha ka phage therapy

ʻO nā bacteriophages, i ʻike ʻia he phages, kahi hui o nā virus i hiki ke hoʻopili a hoʻonui i loko o nā hunaola bacteria a iā lākou e haʻalele ai, e hāpai i ko lākou luku.

Aia nā bacteriophages ma nā wahi āpau, a hiki ke kaʻawale mai ka wai, ka lepo, nā huahana meaʻai a me nā microorganism ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ke kino, ka hapanui i ka ʻili, i ka waha o ka waha, i nā akemāmā a me nā ʻōnaehana mimi a me ka gastrointestinal, ʻaʻole kumu nā bacteriophages i nā maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​loli i ke kino o ke kanaka, no ka mea he makemake lākou no ka prokaryotic nā hunaola, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā hunaola, e like me ka bacteria.

Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu i ka pane pale o ke kino, i hiki ʻole ai iā lākou ke hana ma nā microorganism kuleana no ka hana pono ʻana o ka meaola, me ka hoʻohui i ka kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i kā lākou mea hoʻokipa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka microorganism pathogenic . No laila, ʻaʻole luku ʻia nā koʻohune he ʻāpana o ka microbiome ma muli o ka pilina maikaʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma waena o nā bacteriophages a me ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Nā ʻano o ka bacteriophage

ʻO nā Bacteriophages he mau virus i hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi like ʻole, e like me ke kino o ke kanaka, akā ʻaʻole lākou e kumu i nā loli a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi no ka mea ʻaʻohe kikoʻī o nā hunaola e hana i ke kino. Nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka bacteriophage:

• Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e kahi capsid, kahi ʻano i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā proteins nona ka hana e pale ai i nā mea kūlohelohe o ka maʻi;
• He mau ʻano ʻokoʻa paha kā lākou o nā kumuwaiwai, e like me DNA pālua, ka DNA paʻa hoʻokahi a i ʻole RNA;
• Ma waho aʻe o ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e pili ana i kā lākou hanauna genetics, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā bacteriophages e ke ʻano o ka capsid;
• ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui ma waho o kahi mea hoʻokipa, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono lākou e launa pū me kahi pūnaʻi bacteria no ka hana hou ʻana, a no kēia kumu i kapa ʻia ai lākou he "bacterial parasites";
• He kikoʻī ko lākou no ka mea hoʻokipa, ʻo ia nā hunaola bacteria.

Ke aʻo ʻia nei ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā bacteriophages, eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau waiwai ke kūpono no ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā bacteriophages, e like me ke ʻano o nā mea genetics, morphology, nā ʻano genomic a me nā ʻano kino-kemikal.

Pehea e hana ai i nā pōpō lytic a me lysogenic

ʻO nā pōʻaiapuni lytic a me lysogenic he mau pōʻaiapuni o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka bacteriophage ke hoʻopili ʻia me ke keena bacteria a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me ke ʻano o ka maʻi.

Pōʻai uila Lytic

ʻO ke kalapona lytic kahi i loko o ia, ma hope o ka ʻume ʻana o nā mea kūpuna o ka bacteriophage i loko o ke keʻena bacteria, hana ʻia ka hana hou ʻana a me ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā bacteriophages hou, kahi a lākou e haʻalele ai e luku i ka pūnaʻi bacteria. No laila, ma ke ʻano nui, hana ke pōʻaiapē penei:

1. Adsorption: pili ka bacteriophage i ka membrane o ka cell bacterial bacterial i hoʻopili ʻia ma o nā membrane receptor;
2. Komo a komo paha: komo ke kumu waiwai o ka bacteriophage i loko o ka cell bacterial;
3. Hoʻohālikelike: Hoʻonohonoho kēia mea genetic i ka synthesis o nā protein a me nā mole DNA ʻē aʻe, inā he bacteriophage DNA ia;
4. Kau pono: hana ʻia nā bacteriophages hou a hoʻopili ʻia ka DNA replicated me ke kōkua o nā protein synthesized, e ulu ana i ka capsid;
5. Lise: haʻalele ka bacteriophage i ka cell bacteria, e paipai ana i kona luku.

Pōʻai Lysogenic

I loko o ka pōʻaiapuni lysogenic, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kūmole o ka bacteriophage i loko o ke koʻohune, akā hiki i kēia kaʻina hana ke hōʻike wale i ka hamū ʻana o nā genulence virulence o ka bacterium, a me kahi kaʻina hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia. Penei kēia hana:

1. Adsorption: hoʻolaha ka bacteriophage i ka membrane bacteria;
2. Hoʻokomo: komo ke kumu waiwai o ka bacteriophage i loko o ka cell bacterial;
3. Hoʻohui: aia ka hoʻohui o nā kumuwaiwai o ka bacteriophage me ke ʻano o ka maʻi, e ʻike ʻia ana he profago;
4. Māhele: ka mea i hoʻohui hou ʻia, ka profago, hoʻokaʻawale e like me ka mahele bacteria.

ʻAʻole hana ka profagus, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia kāna mau genes a, no laila, mai hopena i nā loli maikaʻi ʻole i ka bacteria a he hana hoʻohuli hou ia.

Ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana o nā bacteriophages me nā hua bacteria a hiki ke hāpai i kona luku ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea maʻi i ke aʻo ʻana e hoʻomohala i nā kumumanaʻo hou e hakakā i nā maʻi kūpikipiki.

He aha ka phage therapy

ʻO ka phage therapy, i ʻike ʻia ʻo phage therapy, kahi ʻano lapaʻau e hoʻohana i nā bacteriophages e hakakā i nā maʻi bacteria, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā microorganism multi-resistant. Palekana kēia ʻano lapaʻau, ʻoiai he hana wale kā nā bacteriophages e kūʻē i nā bacteria pathogenic, e mālama nei i ka microbiota maʻamau o ke kanaka.

ʻOiai ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano o ka hoʻōla no kekahi mau makahiki, aia wale nō i kēia manawa ke kaulana nei i nā puke ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka helu o nā bacteria i pane ʻole i ka mālama maʻamau me nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai he ʻano maikaʻi, he palena nā phage therapy. Kūlike kēlā me kēia ʻano bacteriophage i kekahi bacterium, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau phages i kahi kaʻawale e hakakā i nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā microorganism like ʻole, akā i kēia mea hiki ke hana ʻia kahi "phage cocktail" e like me nā microorganism i hōʻike ʻia ke kuleana no ka maʻi. . Hoʻohui ʻia, ma muli o ke kaʻapuni lysogenic, hiki i nā bacteriophages ke hāpai i ka lawe ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao kūpale i ka maʻi bacteria, e hana ʻole ai ka lāʻau.