Nā mea a pau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19

Anter

• ʻO ka mea mua, he recap e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ke kano COVID-19.
• He aha ke ʻano o nā hopena ʻaoʻao kano COVID-19 e manaʻo ai au?
• Pehea ka maʻamau o nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19?
• No ke aha ʻoe e kiʻi ai i kahi kano COVID-19, me ka ʻole o nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Nānā no

He mau lā pōkole wale nō ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Pfizer's COVID-19 i ka ʻae ʻana mai ka Food and Drug Administration, ua loaʻa kekahi poʻe i ka lāʻau āpau. Ma Kēkēmapa 14, 2020, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mahele lāʻau mua o ka lāʻau āpau o Pfizer i nā limahana olakino a me nā limahana limahana. I nā pule a me nā mahina e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomau ʻia ka huakaʻi i ka lehulehu ākea, me nā limahana koʻikoʻi a me nā poʻe ʻelemakule i waena o ka poʻe mua e loaʻa i nā maʻi ma hope o nā limahana mālama olakino kiʻekiʻe. (E nānā: I ka manawa hea e loaʻa ai kahi kano COVID-19 - a ʻo wai ka mea e loaʻa mua?)

He manawa hauʻoli kēia, akā inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i nā hōʻike e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao "koʻikoʻi" o ka maʻi COVID-19, aia paha ʻoe i kekahi mau nīnau e pili ana i ka mea e manaʻo ai i kou manawa e kiʻi i ka pana. Eia ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ke kanulau COVID-19.

ʻO ka mea mua, he recap e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ke kano COVID-19.

ʻO nā lāʻau COVID-19 mai Pfizer a me Moderna - ka mea hope loa e loaʻa ka ʻae kūloko i loko o kekahi mau lā - e hoʻohana i kahi ʻano lāʻau āpau i kapa ʻia ʻo messenger RNA (mRNA). Ma kahi o ka waiho ʻana i kahi maʻi ʻino ʻole i loko o kou kino (e like me ka mea i hana ʻia me ka shot flu), hana nā lāʻau mRNA ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka protein spike i loaʻa ma luna o ka SARS-CoV-2 (ʻo ka maʻi ke kumu COVID-19). ʻO kēlā mau ʻāpana o ka protein i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a laila hoʻāla i kahi pane kūlohelohe i loko o kou kino, e alakaʻi iā ʻoe e hoʻomohala i nā antibodies e hiki ke pale aku iā ʻoe mai ka maʻi maʻi inā e loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi, ʻo Amesh A. Adalja, MD, ka haumāna kula kiʻekiʻe ma Johns Hopkins Centers for Health Security, haʻi ʻia ma mua Kinohi. (ʻOi aku ma aneʻi: Pehea ka maikaʻi o ka maʻi COVID-19?)

E noʻonoʻo i nā ʻāpana protein i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he genetic "fingerprint" no ka maʻi SARS-CoV-2, wahi a Thad Mick, Pharm.D., hope pelekikena o nā papahana lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lawelawe diagnostic ma ZOOM + Care. "ʻO ka pahuhopu o nā lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19 ʻo ia ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kēlā manamana lima viral e aʻo mua i kou kino i ʻike mua ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻaʻole ia ma laila a kūkulu i kahi pane kūlohelohe iā ia ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi i kou manawa pale kūlohelohe, "wehewehe ʻo ia.

I ke kaʻina hana o ke kūkulu ʻana i kēlā pane immune, he mea maʻamau ke ʻike i kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao ma ke ala, hoʻohui ʻo Mick.

He aha ke ʻano o nā hopena ʻaoʻao kano COVID-19 e manaʻo ai au?

I kēia manawa, loaʻa wale iā mākou ka noiʻi mua e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka ʻikepili palekana o Pfizer's a me Moderna's COVID-19 kano. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Pfizer he "kūlana palekana maikaʻi," ʻoiai ʻo Moderna e hōʻike like nei "ʻaʻohe hopohopo palekana." Ua ʻōlelo nā hui ʻelua e hoʻomau lākou i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻikepili palekana (a me ka pono) e hōʻoia i kēia mau ʻike.

ʻ Thatlelo ʻia, e like me nā lāʻau āpau, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hopena ʻē aʻe mai kahi lāʻau COVID-19. Ke helu nei nā kikowaena no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka Kāohi i kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao ākea COVID-19 ma kāna pūnaewele:

• ʻO ka ʻeha a me ka pehu ʻana ma ke kahua o ka injection
• ʻO ke kuni
• Hauʻoli
• Ka luhi
• ʻEha poʻo

ʻO nā hopena ʻē aʻe o COVID-19 i loaʻa i nā ʻehaʻeha a me nā ʻeha pū, i hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Mick. "Mai ka mea a mākou i ʻike ai, ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā hopena i ka lā mua a ʻelua paha ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kano, akā hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ma hope," wehewehe ʻo ia. (He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ʻano like nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka maʻi pā.)

Inā kani kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao e like me nā hōʻailona o COVID-19, ʻo ia no ka mea maʻamau. "Hoʻonāukiuki ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka ʻōnaehana pale pale e hakakā ai i ka maʻi," wehewehe ʻo Richard Pan, M.D., he pediatrician a me ka senator mokuʻāina ʻo Kaleponi. "ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hopena ʻaoʻao he mau hōʻailona ia o kēlā pane e like me ke kuni, ka luhi, ke poʻo, a me ka ʻeha ʻeha."

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19 ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe iā COVID-19, e hoʻomaopopo ʻo Dr. Pan. "He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole pili mau ka mRNA [mai ka maʻi kano] i kekahi o kāu mau cell," wehewehe ʻo ia. Akā, ʻo kēlā mRNA wale nō kahi blueprint o ka protein spike aia ma ka ʻili o ka maʻi. "Palupalu loa kēia blueprint, no laila e mālama ʻia ke anu i ke anu ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana," wahi a Kauka Pan. Hoʻopau hope kou kino i kēlā ʻano hoʻolālā ma hope o kou hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana, akā mau nā antibodies āu e hoʻomohala ai i ka pane ʻana, wehewehe ʻo ia. (Kākau ka CDC e pono ana ka nui o ka ʻikepili e hōʻoia i ka lōʻihi o nā lāʻau ʻino i kūkulu ʻia mai nā lāʻau ʻo COVID-19.)

"ʻAʻole hiki ke kiʻi iā COVID-19 mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka loaʻa ʻana i kahi blueprint no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi huila ke hāʻawi ʻole iā ʻoe i nā hoʻolālā e kūkulu i kahi kaʻa holoʻokoʻa," wahi a Dr. Pan.

Pehea ka maʻamau o nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19?

Ke loiloi nei ka FDA i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka maʻamau o nā hopena ʻaoʻao COVID-19 ma luna o ka lehulehu. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻike i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e Pfizer a me Moderna ma kā lākou mau hoʻokolohua lapaʻau nui e hōʻike ana e ʻike ka poʻe liʻiliʻi i nā "hōʻailona koʻikoʻi akā pōkole" ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kano COVID-19, wahi a Dr. Pan.

ʻOi aku ka kikoʻī, i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Moderna no kāna lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19, 2.7 pakeneka o ka poʻe i ʻike i ka ʻeha pūnaewele ʻeha ma hope o ka mahele mua. Ma hope o ka lua o ka maʻi (i hāʻawi ʻia i ʻehā pule ma hope o ka pana mua), 9.7 pakeneka o ka poʻe i ʻike i ka luhi, 8.9 pakeneka i hōʻike i ka ʻeha o ka ʻiʻo, 5.2 pakeneka i loaʻa i ka ʻeha hui, 4.5 pakeneka i hōʻike i kahi poʻo, 4.1 pākēneka i ʻike i ka ʻeha nui, a me 2 pakeneka ʻōlelo ʻo ka lua o ka pana ʻana ua waiho iā lākou me ka ʻulaʻula ma ka wahi o ka injection.

I kēia manawa, ʻo Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine ʻaoʻao hopena e like me Moderna's. Ma ka hoʻāʻo nui ʻana o Pfizer i kāna kano, 3.8 pakeneka o ka poʻe i hōʻike i ka luhi a ʻo ka 2 pākēneka i loaʻa i kahi poʻo, ʻelua ma hope o ka lua o ka maʻi (i hāʻawi ʻia i ʻekolu pule ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa mua ʻana). Ma lalo o 1 pakeneka o ka poʻe i loko o ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i hōʻike i ke kuni (i wehewehe ʻia ma ka noiʻi ʻana ma ke ʻano he wela o ke kino ma luna o 100 ° F) ma hope o ka maʻi mua a i ʻole ka lua. ʻO kahi helu liʻiliʻi (0.3 pākēneka, e kikoʻī) o nā mea loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hōʻike pū kekahi i nā pūhaka lymph pehu, "i hoʻoholo maʻamau i loko o 10 mau lā" o ke kanikau ʻana, e like me ka noiʻi.

ʻOiai he manawa pōkole kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia he mea maʻamau, hiki iā lākou ke "koʻikoʻi" i hiki i kekahi poʻe ke "pono ​​​​e haʻalele i kahi lā hana" ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, wahi a Dr. Pan.

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā hopohopo e pili ana i nā hopena maʻi i ka maʻi kano COVID-19 a Pfizer. Ma hope koke iho o ka ʻōwili ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma UK, ʻelua mau limahana mālama olakino - ka mea lawe mau i kahi EpiPen a loaʻa kahi moʻolelo o nā hopena maʻi ʻaʻa - ua ʻike ʻia ka anaphylaxis (kahi hopena maʻi e hoʻoweliweli i ke ola i hōʻike ʻia e ka hanu hanu ʻole a me ke kulu o ke kaomi koko. ) ma hope o kā lākou kau mua, e like me ka Nu Ioka Manawa. Ua ola hou nā limahana mālama ola ʻelua, akā i kēia manawa, ua hoʻopuka nā luna olakino ma UK i kahi ʻōlelo aʻo allergy no ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19 a Pfizer: "ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka me ka mōʻaukala anaphylaxis i kahi kano, lāʻau lapaʻau, a i ʻole meaʻai ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa ka Pākuʻi Pfizer / BioNTech. ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia kahi maʻi lua i ka mea i loaʻa i ka anaphylaxis ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka maʻa mua o kēia kano." (Pili: He aha ka hopena ke hele ʻoe i kahi Anaphylactic Shock?)

Ma US, he pepa ʻoiaʻiʻo mai ka FDA ma ka Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana "ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka poʻe me ka mōʻaukala ʻike o kahi hopena maʻi koʻikoʻi (eg anaphylaxis) i kekahi mea o ka Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 Vaccine" i kēia manawa. (Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka papa inoa piha o nā mea hoʻohui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau Pfizer i ka pepa like like mai ka FDA.)

No ke aha ʻoe e kiʻi ai i kahi kano COVID-19, me ka ʻole o nā hopena ʻaoʻao

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, manaʻo paha ʻoe e like me ka crap no hoʻokahi lā a ʻelua paha ma hope o kou loaʻa ʻana i kahi kano COVID-19. Akā ʻo nā mea āpau āpau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi ʻo COVID-19 ma mua o ka maʻi o ka maʻi, i pepehi ʻia ma kahi o 300,000 mau kānaka i ka U.S., wahi a Dr. Pan.

ʻAʻole kōkua wale nā ​​lāʻau COVID-19 oe pale aku i nā hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi COVID-19, akā e kōkua pū lākou i ka pale ʻana i ka poʻe hiki ole e hoʻopaʻa ʻia (me ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi, ka poʻe hāpai, a me ka poʻe ʻōpio ma mua o 16 mau makahiki), wahi a Kauka Pan. (Ke kau nei i kou pale maka, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaiāulu, a me ka holoi ʻana i kou mau lima e hoʻomau i ka mea nui i ka pale ʻana i nā poʻe mai COVID-19.)

"ʻOiai ka nui o ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka maʻi kano COVID-19, nui nā pōmaikaʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kano," wehewehe ʻo Mick. "Ke loiloi maikaʻi ʻia nei kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau a e paʻi wale i ka mākeke inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia o ke kano ma mua o nā pono."

Pololei ka ʻike ma kēia moʻolelo e like me ka manawa paʻi. Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea hou e pili ana i ka coronavirus COVID-19, ua loli paha kekahi mau ʻike a me nā manaʻo i kēia moʻolelo mai ka hoʻolaha mua ʻana. Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e nānā pinepine me nā kumuwaiwai e like me ka CDC, ka WHO, a me kāu keʻena olakino kūloko kūloko no ka ʻikepili a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hou loa.

Nānā no