Mea Kākau: Gregory Harris
Lā O Ka Hana: 10 Apelila 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 18 Nowemapa 2024
Anonim
40K - THE SQUATS RETURN? THEY NEVER WENT AWAY - Warhammer 40,000 Lore/History
Wikiō: 40K - THE SQUATS RETURN? THEY NEVER WENT AWAY - Warhammer 40,000 Lore/History

Anter

ʻO ka Lutein kekahi ʻano wikamina i kapa ʻia he carotenoid. Pili ia i ka beta-carotene a me ka wikamina A. ʻO nā meaʻai waiwai i ka lutein e komo pū ana me nā yolks egg, broccoli, spinach, kale, corn, pepper pepper, kiwi fruit, grapes, orange juice, zucchini, and squash. Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Lutein ke lawe ʻia me kahi papa momona momona.

Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui i ka lutein ma ke ʻano "ka huaʻai maka." Lawe pinepine ʻia e ka waha e pale i nā maʻi maka e like me ka maʻi maka e hiki ai i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike i nā mākua makua (degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki a i ʻole AMD), a me nā cataract. ʻAʻohe hōʻike ʻepekema maikaʻi e kākoʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka lutein no nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.

Loaʻa i nā multivitamins he lutein. Hāʻawi pinepine lākou i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e like me 0.25 mg i kēlā me kēia pā.

Nā Laʻau Laʻau Kūlohelohe Kūlohelohe nā helu kūpono e pili ana i nā hōʻike ʻepekema e like me ka pālākiō e hiki mai ana: Ka maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, ka maikaʻi ʻole, ka maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka lawa ʻole o nā hōʻike i ka helu.

Nā helu kūpono no LUTEIN penei:


E kūpono paha no ...

  • ʻO kahi maʻi maka e alakaʻi ai i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike i nā mākua makua (degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki a i ʻole AMD). ʻO ka poʻe e ʻai i ka nui o ka lutein i kā lākou papaʻai e like me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka AMD. Akā ʻo ka poʻe i ʻai i ka nui o ka lutein ʻaʻole paha e pōmaikaʻi lākou i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou ʻai. Lawe i nā mea hoʻopihapiha lutein a hiki i 36 mau mahina hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kekahi mau ʻōuli o AMD. ʻIke ʻia paha ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻōuli ke lawe ʻia ka lutein no hoʻokahi makahiki ma ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 10 mg, a ke hui pū ʻia me nā huaora carotenoid ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole mālama ʻo Lutein iā AMD mai ka lilo ʻana i mea ʻoi aku ka hewa i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
  • Kālepaʻa. Pili ka ʻai ʻana i nā lutein ʻoi aku me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā cataract. Lawe i nā mea hoʻopihapiha i loaʻa i ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā cataract e koi ai i ka hemo ʻana i ka poʻe e ʻai i ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin ma ke ʻano he hapa o kā lākou papaʻai. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hoʻopiha lutein me he mea lā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai ka hihiʻo i ka poʻe ʻelemakule i loaʻa ka cataract a ʻai ʻole i ka nui o nā lutein a me zeaxanthin.

ʻAʻole kūpono paha no ...

  • ʻO kahi maʻi maʻi e hoʻopili i nā keiki hānau hou (bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Hōʻike ka noiʻi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā pēpē pretute lutein a me zeaxanthin e ka waha ʻaʻole e hoʻēmi i ka manawa o ka hoʻomōhala ʻana i ka displasia bronchopulmonary.
  • ʻO kahi maʻi ʻōpū nui i nā pēpē premature (nekrotizing enterocolitis a i ʻole NEC). Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻaʻole e pale i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā infrot lutein a me zeaxanthin e ka waha.
  • ʻO kahi kūlana maka hoʻoilina e kumu ai i ka ʻike maka pō a me ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao (retinitis pigmentosa). ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka lutein e ka waha ʻaʻole hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i ka poʻe me ka retinitis pigmentosa.
  • ʻO kahi maʻi maka i nā pēpē premature i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka makapō (retinopathy o prematurity). Hōʻike ka noiʻi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā pēpē preterm lutein a me zeaxanthin e ka waha ʻaʻole ia e pale i ka retinopathy o ka wā ma mua.

ʻAʻole lawa nā hōʻike e hōʻike i ka pono no ...

  • E hōʻole i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā mākau noʻonoʻo e hana maʻamau me ka makahiki. ʻO ka poʻe ʻelemakule e ʻai i ka nui o nā meaʻai me ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin e hoʻomanaʻo paha lākou. ʻAʻole maopopo nā hopena o ka lutein i nā waihona i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka poʻe kahiko. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i ka lawe ʻana i ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua ʻaʻole hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōlelo a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka poʻe kahiko. Akā ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka lutein me a i ʻole me ka ʻole o ka docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) e hoʻomaikaʻi ai paha i ka ʻōlelo a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā wahine makua.
  • ʻO Lou Gehrig's Disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis a i ʻole ALS). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka poʻe e ʻai i ka lutein ma ke ʻāpana o kā lākou papaʻai i ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ALS ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka poʻe e ʻai i ka lutein haʻahaʻa.
  • Maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Hōʻike ka noiʻi e pili ana nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka lutein i ke koko me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka hopena o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.
  • Maʻi maʻi puʻuwai. Hōʻike kekahi noiʻi noiʻi heluna kanaka i ka poʻe e ʻai i ka nui o ka lutein a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hoʻopiha lutein i ka haʻahaʻa o ka hopena o ka hanana puʻuwai e pili ana i ka naʻau e like me ka puʻuwai a i ʻole ka hahau. Akā ke hōʻike nei kahi noiʻi hoʻokolohua ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka lutein me ka zeaxanthin e ka waha ʻaʻole ia e pale aku i ka make ma muli o ka maʻi puʻuwai, ka hahau ʻana, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai ʻana, a me ka ʻeha o ka umauma i ka poʻe ʻelemākule.
  • Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka cervix. Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka lawe haʻahaʻa ʻana o ka lutein ma ke ʻano he papa o ka papaʻai ʻaʻohe pili me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa o ka cervix.
  • ʻO kahi kūlana hoʻoili e kumu ai ka nalowale o ka hihiʻo (choroideremia). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka lawe ʻana i 20 mg o ka lutein i kēlā me kēia lā no 6 mau mahina ʻaʻole hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike i ka poʻe me ka choroideremia.
  • Maʻi ʻaʻai Kolonā, maʻi ʻaʻai rectal. Aia nā hopena kūʻē e pili ana inā hiki i nā papaʻai i loaʻa ka nui o ka lutein ke hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ke kolone a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai pololei.
  • Diabetes. Hōʻike kekahi noiʻi e pili ana nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka lutein a i ʻole nā ​​carotenoids ʻē aʻe i nā pilikia kō kō. I ke kumumanaʻo, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka lutein e hōʻemi paha i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi kō. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻai lutein i ka papaʻai ʻaʻole ia e hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi kō.
  • Nā pilikia o ka hihiʻo i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes (diabetic retinopathy). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka lawe ʻana i ka lutein ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes a me ke ʻano o ka maka i kapa ʻia he retinopathy diabetic.
  • Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka esophagus. Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua e pili nā nui o ka lutein i ka papaʻai me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka hopena o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka esophagus.
  • Nā haki. ʻO ka poʻe e ʻai i ka nui o ka lutein i kā lākou papaʻai ʻaʻohe o lākou haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka haki.
  • Maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū. ʻO ka poʻe e ʻai i ka nui o ka lutein i kā lākou papaʻai ʻaʻohe o lākou haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū.
  • Kanesa maʻi ʻaʻai. Hōʻike kekahi mau hōʻike mua e pili ana nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka lutein i ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka lawe ʻana i ka lutein i mea ʻole ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala a make ʻana paha mai ka maʻi ʻaʻa maʻi.
  • Ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻomaka i nā hunaola keokeo (non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka poʻe e ʻai i ka nui o ka lutein i kā lākou papaʻai a i ʻole lawe i nā mea hoʻopiha lutein i loaʻa ka manawa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lymphoma non-Hodgkin.
  • Maʻi ʻaʻai Pancreatic. ʻO ka poʻe e ʻai i ka nui o nā lutein i kā lākou papaʻai ʻaʻohe o lākou haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai pancreatic.
  • Maʻi ʻo Parkinson. Hōʻike ka ʻimi noiʻi mua ʻaʻole pili nā nui o ka lutein i ka papaʻai me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka hopena o ka maʻi ʻo Parkinson.
  • Kahi hāpai hāpai i kaha ʻia e ke koko kiʻekiʻe a me ka protein i ka mimi (pre-eclampsia). Hōʻike kekahi noiʻi e pili ana nā pae koko kiʻekiʻe o ka lutein me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke koko kiʻekiʻe i ka wā hāpai. ʻAʻole maopopo inā lawe i nā lutein supplement e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻu o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko i ka wā hāpai.
  • Maʻi ʻaʻai Prostate. Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua ʻaʻole pili nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka lutein i ka nui o ka hopena o ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate.
  • ʻO ka maʻi o nā alaloa. Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua ʻaʻole pili nā kiʻekiʻe o ke koko kiʻekiʻe o ka lutein me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka maʻi o nā alaloa.
  • Hoʻomohala maka maka. ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe o ke koko o ka lutein i nā wahine hāpai ua hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻike maikaʻi i nā keiki. ʻAʻole maopopo inā lawe ʻia nā mea hoʻopihapiha lutein i ka wā hāpai.
  • ʻO ka maka o ka maka (asthenopia).
  • ʻO ka ʻehaʻeha o ka mākau ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika kino.
  • ʻO ka nalo ʻana o ka hihiʻo mai ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka wai ma lalo o kahi ʻāpana o ka maka i kapa ʻia ka retina.
  • Nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.
Pono nā hōʻike hou aʻe e helu i ka pono o ka lutein no kēia mau hoʻohana.

ʻO Lutein kekahi o nā carotenoid nui ʻelua i loaʻa ma ke ʻano he kala kala i ka maka o ke kanaka (macula a me retina). Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke hana ma ke ʻano he kānana kukui, ka pale ʻana i nā kino o nā maka mai ka pōʻino o ka lā.

Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha: ʻO Lutein ʻo LIKELY SAFE ke lawe ʻia e ka waha. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana a hiki i ka 20 mg o ka lutein i kēlā me kēia lā ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka papaʻai a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua ke palekana.

Nā mālama a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūikawā:

Hāpai a me ka hānai umauma: ʻO Lutein ʻo LIKELY SAFE ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā nui i loaʻa i ka meaʻai.

Nā keiki: ʻO Lutein ʻo LIKELY SAFE ke lawe ʻia e ka waha i nā nui kūpono. Ua hoʻohana palekana ʻia kahi huahana kikoʻī (LUTEINofta, SOOFT Italia SpA) me ka lutein 0.14 mg i kēlā me kēia lā i nā pēpē no nā 36 mau pule.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia inā launa kēia huahana me nā lāʻau.

Ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i kēia huahana, e kamaʻilio me kāu ʻoihana olakino inā ʻoe e lawe i nā lāʻau.
Beta-carotene
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka beta-carotene me ka lutein e hōʻemi ai i ka nui o ka lutein i hiki i ke kino ke komo. Hiki i ka lutein ke hōʻemi a hoʻonui paha i ka nui o ka beta-carotene i hiki i ke kino ke komo.
ʻO Wikamina E
ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā pākuʻi lutein e hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha i ka nui o ka wikamina E lawe ʻia e ke kino. I ke kumumanaʻo, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka lutein a me ka huaola E pū a hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau E.
ʻO Olestra (mea pani momona)
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka mea pani momona ʻo Olestra hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kukuna lutein o ke koko i ka poʻe olakino.
Ua aʻo ʻia nā mahele aʻe i ka noiʻi ʻepekema:

E KA WAHI:
  • No kahi maʻi maka e hiki ai i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike i nā mākua makua (degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki a i ʻole AMD): No ka pale ʻana i ka AMD, ma kahi o 6-12 mg o ka lutein i kēlā me kēia lā, ma o ka papaʻai a i ʻole ka mea hoʻākea i hoʻohana ʻia ai. No ka hōʻemiʻana i nā hōʻailona o AMD, 10-20 mg i kēlā me kēia lā i hoʻohana ʻia. No ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hōʻailona, ​​ua hoʻohana ʻia ka 10-12 mg o ka lutein i kēlā me kēia lā.
  • No ka cataract: No ka pale ʻana i nā cataract, ma kahi o 6-12 mg o ka lutein i kēlā me kēia lā, a i ʻole ma o ka papaʻai a hoʻohana ʻia paha i hoʻohui ʻia. No ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hōʻailona, ​​15 mg o ka lutein ʻekolu mau manawa o ka pule a i ʻole 10 mg o ka lutein a me 2 mg o zeaxanthin i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā.
Aia he 44 mg o ka lutein no kēlā me kēia kīʻaha o kale kale, 26 mg no kēlā me kēia kīʻaha o ka spinach kuke, a me 3 mg no kēlā me kēia kīʻaha o broccoli.

All-E-Lutein, Beta, epsilon-carotene-3,3’-diol, E-Lutein, Luteina, Lutéine, Lutéine Synthétique, Synthetic Lutein.

E aʻo hou aʻe ai pehea i kākau ʻia ai kēia ʻatikala, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i ka Nā Laʻau Laʻau Kūlohelohe Kūlohelohe ʻano hana.


  1. Machida N, Kosehira M, Kitaichi N. Nā hopena olakino o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi dietary o ka lutein me ke bio-hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ma ka macular pigment optical density a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ʻike. Nutrients. 2020; 12: 2966. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  2. Zuniga KE, Bihopa NJ, Turner AS. Pili ka luteinʻai a me ka zeaxanthin me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka hana i kahi heluna kanaka makua. Nutr Health Public 2020: 1-8. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  3. . Kobayashi J, Tominaga E, Ozeki M, Okubo T, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka hoʻokolohua hoʻomalu ʻia ʻana o kahi lutein hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā kānaka. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83: 2372-4. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  4. Cota F, Costa S, Giannantonio C, Purcaro V, Catenazzi P, Vento G. Lutein hoʻohui a me retinopathy o prematurity: kahi meta-analysis. ʻO J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020: 1-6. Pūnaewele ma mua o ka paʻi. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  5. Lai JS, Veetil VO, Lanca C, et al. ʻO nā lutein makuahine a me nā zeaxanthin e pili ana i ka acuity ʻike maka i 3 mau makahiki: Ke aʻo GUSTO. Nutrients 2020; 12: 274. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  6. Feng L, Nie K, Jiang H, Fan W. Nā hopena o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi lutein i ka degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki. PLoS Hoʻokahi 2019; 14: e0227048. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  7. Ren YB, Qi YX, Su XJ, Luan HQ, Sun Q. ʻO ka hopena therapeutic o ka lutein supplement ma ka retinopathy diabetic non-proliferative: kahi noiʻi retrospective. Lapaʻau (Baltimore) 2019; 98: e15404. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  8. Zhou Y, Wang T, Meng Q, Zhai S. ʻAhahui o carotenoids me ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai gastric: kahi meta-analysis. ʻO Clin Nutr 2016; 35: 109-16. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  9. ʻO Chen J, Jiang W, Shao L, Zhong D, Wu Y, Cai J. ʻAha ma waena o ka lawe ʻana i nā antioxidant a me ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai pancreatic: kahi meta-analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67: 744-53. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  10. ʻO Chen F, Hu J, Liu P, Li J, Wei Z, Liu P. Carotenoid ka lawe ʻana a me ka makaʻu ʻole o ka lymphoma non-Hodgkin: kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana a me nā hōʻike meta-pane me nā anamanaʻo nānā. Ann Hematol 2017; 96: 957-65. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  11. Xu J, Song C, Song X, Zhang X, Li X. Carotenoids a me ka makaʻu o ka haki: kahi meta-analysis o nā noiʻi nānā. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 2391-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  12. Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, et al. Nā hopena o ka lutein ma ke olakino cardiometabolic ma o ka papa ola: kahi ʻōnaehana loiloi a me nā meta-analysis. 'Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103: 481-94. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  13. ʻO Wolf-Schnurrbusch UE, Zinkernagel MS, Munk MR, Ebneter A, Wolf S. Oral lutein supplementation e hoʻonui i ka mānoanoa o ka pigment macular a me ka ʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike akā ʻaʻole naʻe i hui pū ʻia me nā waikawa momona polyunsaturated. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56: 8069-74. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  14. Ma L, Liu R, Du JH, et al. Lutein, zeaxanthin a me meso-zeaxanthin supplementation e pili pū ana me ka macular pigment ʻike maka. Nutrients 2016; 8. pii: E426. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  15. Shinojima A, Sawa M, Sekiryu T, et al. ʻO kahi multicenter randomized control study of antioxidant supplementation me lutein no ka chorioretinopathy kikowaena mau. Ophthalmologica 2017; 237: 159-66. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  16. Zhang PC, Wu CR, Wang ZL, Wang LY, Han Y, Sun SL, et al. Ka hopena o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi lutein ma ka hana ʻike i ka retinopathy diabetes nonproliferative. ʻO Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2017; 26: 406-11. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  17. Evans JR, Lawrenson JG. ʻO nā huaora Antioxidant a me nā mea minamina no ka hoʻolohi i ka holomua o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi macular e pili ana i ka makahiki. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 7: CD000254. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  18. Chew EY, SanGiovanni JP, Ferris FL, et al. Lutein / zeaxanthin no ka mālama ʻana i nā cataract e pili ana i ka makahiki: AREDS2 hōʻike hōʻike hoʻokolohua kaulike ʻole. 4. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Jul; 131: 843-50. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  19. Chew EY, Clemons TE, Agrón E, et al. Ka hopena o ka Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Lutein / Zeaxanthin, a i ʻole nā ​​mea kōkua Nutrient ʻē aʻe i ka hana cognitive: ʻO ka AREDS2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 25; 314: 791-801. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  20. Bonds DE, Harrington M, Worrall BB, et al. Ka hopena o ke kaulahao lōʻihi? ʻO JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Mei; 174: 763-71. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  21. Wang X, Jiang C, Zhang Y, et al. Ke kuleana o ka hoʻolauna lutein i ka mālama ʻana i ka degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki. ʻO Opphalmic Res. 2014; 52: 198-205. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  22. Takeda A, Nyssen OP, Syed A, et al. ʻO ka Vitamin A a me nā carotenoids a me ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻo Parkinson: kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana a me nā meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2014; 42: 25-38. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  23. Manzoni P, Guardione R, Bonetti P, et al. Lutein a me zeaxanthin supplementation in preterm loa haʻahaʻa-kaupaona neonates i neonatal mālama mālama mālama: he multicenter randomized lāʻau hoʻokolokolo.Am J Perinatol. 2013 Ian; 30: 25-32. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  24. Ma L, Hao ZX, Liu RR, et al. ʻO kahi meta-pane meta-anamanaʻo lutein a me ka zeaxanthin i loko e pili ana i ka makaʻu o ka cataract pili i ka makahiki. ʻO Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014 Ian; 252: 63-70. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  25. Liu XH, Yu RB, Liu R, et al. ʻO ka hui ma waena o ke kūlana lutein a me zeaxanthin a me ka makaʻu o ka cataract: kahi meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2014 Ian 22; 6: 452-65. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  26. Liu R, Wang T, Zhang B, et al. Lutein a me zeaxanthin supplementation a me ka hui pū ʻana me ka hana hiʻona i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi makula e pili ana i ka makahiki. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Dec 16; 56: 252-8. Loiloi. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  27. Ge XX, Xing MY, Yu LF, et al. Loaʻa ka Carotenoid a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai esophageal: kahi meta-analysis. ʻO Asian Pac J Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Prev. 2013; 14: 1911-8. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  28. Cui YH, Jing CX, Pan HW. ʻO ka hui o nā antioxidant koko a me nā huamona me ka makaʻu o ka cataract e pili ana i nā makahiki: kahi meta-analysis o nā noiʻi kiaʻi. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 98: 778-86. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  29. García-Layana A, Recalde S, Alamán AS, Robredo PF. Nā hopena o ka lutein a me ka docosahexaenoic Acid supplementation ma ka macular pigment opua i ka hoʻowalewale hoʻokolohua ʻia. Nutrients. 2013 Peb 15; 5: 543-51. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  30. Fitzgerald KC, O'Reilly ÉJ, Fondell E, et al. Nā ʻai o ka wikamina C a me nā carotenoids a me ka makaʻu ʻole o ka amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā hopena mai nā noi ʻelima cohort. Ann Neurol. 2013; 73: 236-45. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  31. Liew SH, Gilbert CE Spector TD Mellerio J Van Kuijk FJ Beatty S Fitzke F Marshall J Hammond CJ. Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia ka mānoanoa retinal waena me ka maka aniani pigment macular pigment. ʻO Exp Eye Res. 2006; 82: 915-920.
  32. ʻO Lyle, B. J., Mares-Perlman, J. A., Klein, B. E., Klein, R., Palta, M., Bowen, P. E., a me Greger, J. L. Serum carotenoids a me nā tocopherol a me nā hanana o ka cataract nukleila pili i nā makahiki. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69: 272-277. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  33. Goodman, MT, Kiviat, N., McDuffie, K., Hankin, JH, Hernandez, B., Wilkens, LR, Franke, A., Kuypers, J., Kolonel, LN, Nakamura, J., Ing, G. , Branch, B., Bertram, CC, Kamemoto, L., Sharma, S., a me Killeen, J. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā micronutrients plasma me ka makaʻu o ka maʻi kōpū ma Hawaii. Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Epidemiol. ʻO Biomarkers Prev. 1998; 7: 537-544. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  34. Thurnham, D. I., Northrop-Clewes, C. A., Paracha, P. I., a me McLoone, U. J. ʻO ke ʻano kūpono o nā loli like o ka plasma lutein a me retinol i nā pēpē Pakistani i ke kau kau. Br.J.Nutr. 1997; 78: 775-784. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  35. Pool-Zobel, B. L., Bub, A., Muller, H., Wollowski, I., a me Rechkemmer, G. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hōʻino ʻia o nā genetics i nā kānaka: nā hopena mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana kanaka me nā meaʻai momona carotenoid. Carcinogenesis 1997; 18: 1847-1850. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  36. Rock, C. L., Flatt, S. W., Wright, F. A., Faerber, S., Newman, V., Kealey, S., a me Pierce, J. P. Ka pane ʻana o carotenoids i kahi papaʻai papaʻai mea kanu kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Epidemiol. ʻO Biomarkers Prev. 1997; 6: 617-623. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  37. Iribarren, C., Folsom, A. R., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., Gross, M. D., Belcher, J. D., a me Eckfeldt, J. H. Hui o nā pae vitamona serum, hiki i ka LDL ke hoʻowali ʻia, a me nā autoantibodies e kūʻē iā MDA-LDL me ka carotid atherosclerosis. Ke aʻo ʻana i ka hihia. Nā mea noiʻi noiʻi ARIC. Atherosclerosis Pilikia i nā kaiāulu. Arterioscler. Thomb. Vasc.Biol 1997; 17: 1171-1177. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  38. ʻO Bates, C. J., Chen, S. J., Macdonald, A., a me Holden, R. Quantitation o ka wikamina E a me kahi pigment carotenoid i nā aniani kanaka cataractous, a me ka hopena o kahi waihona meaʻai. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res. 1996; 66: 316-321. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  39. ʻO Gartner, C., Stahl, W., a me Sies, H. Hoʻonui i ka chylomicron pae o ka xanthophylls lutein a me zeaxanthin i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me beta-carotene i loko o ke kanaka. Int.J.Vitam.Nutr.Res. 1996; 66: 119-125. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  40. ʻO Yeum, K. J., Booth, S. L., Sadowski, J. A., Liu, C., Tang, G., Krinsky, N. I., a me Russell, R. M. ʻO ka pane plasma carotenoid kanaka i ka lawe ʻana i nā papaʻai i kāohi ʻia i kiʻekiʻe i nā hua a me nā mea kanu. ʻA. J Clin. Nutr 1996; 64: 594-602. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  41. Mālama ʻo Martin, K. R., Failla, M. L., a me Smith, J. C., Jr. Beta-carotene a me lutein i nā HepG2 kanaka akepaʻa kanaka e kūʻē i ka poino i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka oxidant. J.Nutr. 1996; 126: 2098-2106. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  42. Hammond, BR, Jr., Curran-Celentano, J., Judd, S., Fuld, K., Krinsky, NI, Wooten, BR, a me Snodderly, DM Nā ʻokoʻa moekolohe i ka nui opua pigment macular: e pili ana i nā plasma carotenoid concentrations a nā kumu papaʻai. Hōʻike Res. 1996; 36: 2001-2012. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  43. ʻO Hammond, B. R., Jr., Fuld, K., a me Curran-Celentano, ʻo J. Macular pigment density i nā māhoe monozygotic. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 1995; 36: 2531-2541. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  44. Nussbaum, J. J., Pruett, R. C., a me Delori, F. C. Nā kuanaʻike mōʻaukala. Pena melemele Macular. ʻO nā makahiki 200 mua. Retina 1981; 1: 296-310. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  45. Chew EY, Clemons TE, SanGiovanni JP, et al. ʻOihana e pili ana i nā maʻi e pili ana i ka makahiki. ʻO ka Lutein + zeaxanthin a me ka omega-3 mau momona momona no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i ka makahiki: ʻo ka Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kaulike. JAMA 2013; 309: 2005-2015. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  46. ʻO Murray, IJ, Makridaki, M., van der Veen, RL, Carden, D., Parry, NR, a me Berendschot, TT Lutein supplementation ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki i ka mua o ka AMD i kahi hopena maikaʻi maikaʻi ma ka ʻike maka: ka CLEAR hoʻopaʻa haʻawina. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2013; 54: 1781-1788. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  47. ʻO Hammond, B. R., Jr., Fletcher, L. M., a me Elliott, ʻo J. G. Glare kīnā, ke kiʻi ʻana o ka photostrens, a me ka chromatic ʻokoʻa: pili i ka pigular macular a me ka lutein serum a me ka zeaxanthin. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2013; 54: 476-481. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  48. Loughman, J., Nolan, J. M., Howard, A. N., Connolly, E., Meagher, K., a me Beatty, S. Ka hopena o ka macular pigment augmentation ma ka hana hiʻona e hoʻohana ana i nā carotenoid formulated. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2012; 53: 7871-7880. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  49. ʻO Hammond, B. R., Jr. a me Fletcher, L. M. Ka hopena o ka dietary carotenoids lutein a me zeaxanthin i ka hana kiʻi: noi i ka kinipōpō hīnaʻi. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2012; 96: 1207S-1213S. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  50. SanGiovanni, J. P. a me Neuringer, M. ʻO ke kuleana putative o ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin ma ke ʻano he mea pale e kūʻē i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa makula e pili ana i nā makahiki: hoʻohiki no nā genetics molekole no ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka noiʻi mekanistic a me ka unuhi ma ke kula. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2012; 96: 1223S-1233S. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  51. Johnson, E. J. He kuleana hiki i ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin i ka hana ʻike i ka poʻe ʻelemakule. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2012; 96: 1161S-1165S. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  52. Kaya, S., Weigert, G., Pemp, B., Sacu, S., Werkmeister, RM, Dragostinoff, N., Garhofer, G., Schmidt-Erfurth, U., a me Schmetterer, L. Hoʻohālikelike o ka pigular macular i nā mea maʻi me ka degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki a me nā kumuhana mālama olakino - kahi noiʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka spectral fundus reflance. ʻO Acta Ophthalmol. 2012; 90: e399-e403. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  53. ʻO Schweiggert, R. M., Mezger, D., Schimpf, F., Steingass, C. B., a me Carle, ʻo R. Ka hopena o ka chromoplast morphology ma ka carotenoid bioaccessibility o kāloti, manga, pepaya, a me ka ʻōmato. ʻOihana Chem 12-15-2012; 135: 2736-2742. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  54. Ros, MM, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Kampman, E., Aben, KK, Buchner, FL, Jansen, EH, van Gils, CH, Egevad, L., Overvad, K., Tjonneland, A., Roswall , N., Boutron-Ruault, MC, Kvaskoff, M., Perquier, F., Kaaks, R., Chang-Claude, J., Weikert, S., Boeing, H., Trichopoulou, A., Lagiou, P ., Dilis, V., Palli, D., Pala, V., Sacerdote, C., Tumino, R., Panico, S., Peeter, PH, Gram, IT, Skeie, G., Huerta, JM, Barricarte , A., Quiros, JR, Sanchez, MJ, B Auckland, G., Larranaga, N., Ehrnstrom, R., Wallstrom, P., Ljungberg, B., Hallmans, G., Key, TJ, Allen, NE, Khaw, KT, Wareham, N., Brennan, P., Riboli, E., a me Kiemeney, LA Plasma carotenoids a me nā huamoa C a me ka makaʻu o ka caothelial cell carcinoma i ka European Prospective Investigation i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka meaʻai. 'Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96: 902-910. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  55. Bernstein, PS, Ahmed, F., Liu, A., Allman, S., Sheng, X., Sharifzadeh, M., Ermakov, I., a me Gellermann, W. Macular kiʻi pena i nā mea komo i ka AREDS2: kahi noi kōkua Ua kākau inoa ʻia nā kumuhana AREDS2 ma ka Moran Eye Center. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2012; 53: 6178-6186. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  56. Ma, L., Yan, SF, Huang, YM, Lu, XR, Qian, F., Pang, HL, Xu, XR, Zou, ZY, Dong, PC, Xiao, X., Wang, X., Lā, TT, Dou, HL, a me Lin, XM Ka hopena o ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin ma ka pigment macular a me ka hana ʻike i nā mea maʻi me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi makula e pili ana i ka makahiki. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 2290-2297. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  57. ʻO Chew, EY, Clemons, T., SanGiovanni, JP, Danis, R., Domalpally, A., McBee, W., Sperduto, R., a me Ferris, FL Ke aʻo ʻana i nā maʻi e pili ana i ka makahiki 2 (AREDS2): ke aʻo hoʻolālā a me nā ʻano kumu (AREDS2 hōʻike helu 1). Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 2282-2289. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  58. Ma, L., Dou, HL, Huang, YM, Lu, XR, Xu, XR, Qian, F., Zou, ZY, Pang, HL, Dong, PC, Xiao, X., Wang, X., Lā, TT, a me Lin, XM Hoʻonui i ka hana retinal i ka degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin: kahi hoʻokolohua i hoʻokolohua ʻia, pālua ʻia, kahi hoʻokolokolo. Am.J. Ophthalmol. 2012; 154: 625-634. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  59. Giordano, P., Scicchitano, P., Locorotondo, M., Mandurino, C., Ricci, G., Carbonara, S., Gesualdo, M., Zito, A., Dachille, A., Caputo, P., Riccardi, R., Frasso, G., Lassandro, G., Di, Mauro A., a me Ciccone, MM Carotenoids a me ka pilikia o ka maʻi puʻuwai. Curr.Pharm.Des 2012; 18: 5577-5589. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  60. Goltz, S. R., Campbell, W. W., Chitchumroonchokchai, C., Failla, M. L., a me Ferruzzi, M. G. Meal triacylglycerol profile modulates postprandial absorption of carotenoids in humans. Mol.Nutr.Food Res. 2012; 56: 866-877. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  61. Riccioni, G., Speranza, L., Pesce, M., Cusenza, S., DʻOrazio, N., a me Glade, M. J. Novel nā mea kōkua i ka pale antiantantant mai nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi. Nūhou 2012; 28: 605-610. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  62. Dreher, M. L. Pistachio mau hua: ka haku mele a me nā pono olakino hiki. Nutr.Rev. 2012; 70: 234-240. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  63. Tanaka, T., Shnimizu, M., a me Moriwaki, H. Cancer chemoprevention e carotenoids. Molekule. 2012; 17: 3202-3242. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  64. ʻO Vallverdu-Queralt, A., Martinez-Huelamo, M., Arranz-Martinez, S., Miralles, E., a me Lamuela-Raventos, RM Nā ʻokoʻa o ka ʻike carotenoid o ka ketchup a me nā gazpachos ma o HPLC / ESI (Li (+) ) -MS / MS hoʻopili ʻia me kā lākou hiki i ka antioxidant. ʻO J Sci Mea ʻAi Agric. 8-15-2012; 92: 2043-2049. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  65. ʻO Ferguson, L. R. a me Schlothauer, R. C. ʻO ke kuleana kūpono o nā mea hana genomics nutritional i ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā meaʻai olakino kiʻekiʻe no ka kaohi maʻi maʻi Mol.Nutr.Food Res. 2012; 56: 126-146. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  66. Sabour-Pickett, S., Nolan, J. M., Loughman, J., a me Beatty, S. He loiloi i ka hōʻike germane i ka hana pale putative o ka macular carotenoids no ka macular degeneration pili i ka makahiki. Mol.Nutr.Food Res. 2012; 56: 270-286. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  67. Holtan, SG, O'Connor, HM, Fredericksen, ZS, Liebow, M., Thompson, CA, Macon, WR, Micallef, IN, Wang, AH, Slager, SL, Habermann, TM, Call, TG, a me Cerhan, ʻO JR Food-frequency questionnaire-based estimations o ka huina antioxidant hiki a me ka makaʻu o ka non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int. J. Kanela 9-1-2012; 131: 1158-1168. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  68. Richer, SP, Stiles, W., Graham-Hoffman, K., Levin, M., Ruskin, D., Wrobel, J., Park, DW, a me Thomas, C. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-control study o ka zeaxanthin a me ka hana hiʻona i nā mea maʻi me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i ka makahiki atrophic: ka Zeaxanthin a me ka ʻImi Hana Hana (ZVF) FDA IND # 78, 973. Optometry. 2011; 82: 667-680. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  69. Piermarocchi, S., Saviano, S., Parisi, V., Tedeschi, M., Panozzo, G., Scarpa, G., Boschi, G., a me Lo, Giudice G. Carotenoids i ka Maculopathy Italia Study e pili ana i ka makahiki ( CARMIS): ʻelua mau makahiki i hopena o kahi noiʻi kaulike. Eur.J. Ophthalmol. 2012; 22: 216-225. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  70. Dani, C., Lori, I., Favelli, F., Frosini, S., Messner, H., Wanker, P., De, Marini S., Oretti, C., Boldrini, A., Massimiliano, C. , Bragetti, P., a me Germini, C. Lutein a me ka zeaxanthin supplementation in preterm pēpē e pale aku i ka retinopathy o ka wā ʻōpio: kahi loiloi hoʻomalu ʻia. J.Matern.Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012; 25: 523-527. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  71. Connolly, E. E., Beatty, S., Loughman, J., Howard, A. N., Louw, M. S., a me Nolan, J. M. Hoʻohui me nā carotenoid macular ʻekolu: pane, kūpaʻa, a me ka palekana. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2011; 52: 9207-9217. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  72. Romagnoli, C., Giannantonio, C., Cota, F., Papacci, P., Vento, G., Valente, E., Purcaro, V., a me Costa, S. A prospective, randomized, double blind study comparing lutein i placebo no ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hanana a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka retinopathy o ka wā ma mua. J.Matern.Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011; 24 Hōʻawi 1: 147-150. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  73. ʻO Thyagarajan, B., Meyer, A., Smith, LJ, Beckett, WS, Williams, OD, Gross, MD, a me Jacobs, DR, Jr. ʻO nā noʻonoʻo nui o ka carotenoid ke wānana nei i ka ulu ʻana o ka pulupulu i nā ʻōpio Ke aʻo ʻōpio ʻōpio (CARDIA). Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2011; 94: 1211-1218. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  74. Ma, L., Dou, HL, Wu, YQ, Huang, YM, Huang, YB, Xu, XR, Zou, ZY, a me Lin, XM Lutein a me ka lawe zeaxanthin a me ka makaʻu o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi macular e pili ana i nā makahiki: he loiloi ʻōnaehana a me ka hoʻoponopono-meta. Br.J.Nutr. 2012; 107: 350-359. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  75. Weigert, G., Kaya, S., Pemp, B., Sacu, S., Lasta, M., Werkmeister, RM, Dragostinoff, N., Simader, C., Garhofer, G., Schmidt-Erfurth, U. , a me Schmetterer, L. Nā hopena o ka hoʻopili lutein ma ka pigular macular pig density density a me ka ʻike maka i nā mea maʻi me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi macular e pili ana i ka makahiki. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2011; 52: 8174-8178. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  76. Sasamoto, Y., Gomi, F., Sawa, M., Tsujikawa, M., a me Nishida, K. Ka hopena o ka 1-makahiki lutein supplementation ma macular pigment optical density a me ka ʻike maka. Graefes Arch.Clin.Exp.Ophthalmol. 2011; 249: 1847-1854. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  77. Rubin, LP, Chan, GM, Barrett-Reis, BM, Fulton, AB, Hansen, RM, Ashmeade, TL, Oliver, JS, Mackey, AD, Dimmit, RA, Hartmann, EE, a me Adamkin, DH Ka hopena o ka carotenoid supplementation ma nā carotenoids plasma, ka hoʻohaunaele a me nā hoʻomohala ʻike ʻana i nā pēpē preterm. J Perinatol. 2012; 32: 418-424. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  78. Ravindran, RD, Vashist, P., Gupta, SK, Young, IS, Maraini, G., Camparini, M., Jayanthi, R., John, N., Fitzpatrick, KE, Chakravarthy, U., Ravilla, TD, a me Fletcher, AE hui kūwaho o ka wikamina C me ka cataract i ka poʻe kahiko ma India. Ophthalmology 2011; 118: 1958-1965. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  79. ʻO Saksena, S., Srivastava, P., a me Khanna, ʻo V. K. Hoʻohui antioxidant e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka fluidity membrane platelet i ka idiopathic retinal periphlebitis (maʻi ʻo Eales). ʻO J.Ocul.Pharmacol.Ther. 2010; 26: 623-626. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  80. Zeimer, M. B., Kromer, I., Spital, G., Lommatzsch, A., a me Pauleikhoff, D. Macular telangiectasia: nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka pigment macular a me ka pane i ka hoʻopili. Retina 2010; 30: 1282-1293. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  81. ʻO Bartlett, H., Howells, O., a me Eperjesi, F. Ke kuleana o ka loiloi pigment macular i ka hana lapaʻau: he loiloi. ʻO Clin.Exp.Optom. 2010; 93: 300-308. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  82. ʻO Capeding, R., Gepanayao, C. P., Calimon, N., Lebumfacil, J., Davis, A. M., Stouffer, N., a me Harris, B. J. Lutein i hana ʻia i ka pēpē pēpē i hānai ʻia i nā keiki pēpē olakino maikaʻi: ka loiloi ʻana i nā hopena ulu a me ka palekana. ʻO Nutr.J. 2010; 9: 22. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  83. ʻO Berson, EL, Rosner, B., Sandberg, MA, Weigel-DiFranco, C., Brockhurst, RJ, Hayes, KC, Johnson, EJ, Anderson, EJ, Johnson, CA, Gaudio, AR, Willett, WC, a me Schaefer , EJ Hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o ka lutein i nā mea maʻi me ka retinitis pigmentosa e loaʻa ana ka lāʻau A. A. Arch.Ophthalmol. 2010; 128: 403-411. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  84. Takeda, S., Masuda, Y., Usuda, M., Marushima, R., Ueji, T., Hasegawa, M., a me Maruyama, C. Nā hopena o ka mayonnaise ma nā lutein serum postprandial serute / zeaxanthin a me beta-carotene concentrations i kanaka J.Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol. (Tokyo) 2009; 55: 479-485. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  85. ʻO Teixeira, V. H., Valente, H. F., Casal, S. I., Marques, A. F., a me Moreira, P. A. ʻAʻole kūpale nā ​​Antioxidant i ka peroxidation postexercise a lohi paha i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā mākala. Med.Sci. Hana hoʻoikaika kino. 2009; 41: 1752-1760. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  86. Perrone, S., Longini, M., Marzocchi, B., Picardi, A., Bellieni, CV, Proietti, F., Rodriguez, A., Turrisi, G., a me Buonocore, G. Nā hopena o ka lutein ma ke kaumaha oxidative i ka huaʻōlelo hānau hou: kahi pailaka. Neonatology. 2010; 97: 36-40. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  87. Ma, L., Lin, X. M., Zou, Z. Y., Xu, X. R., Li, Y., a me Xu, R. A 12-wiki lutein supplementation hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike maka i nā poʻe Kina me ka lolouila lōʻihi e hōʻike i ke kukui. Br.J.Nutr. 2009; 102: 186-190. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  88. Yagi, A., Fujimoto, K., Michihiro, K., Goh, B., Tsi, D., a me Nagai, H. Ka hopena o ka hoʻopili lutein i ka luhi ʻike: kahi ʻikepili psychophysiological. Appl.Ergon. 2009; 40: 1047-1054. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  89. Vojnikovic, B., Kovacevic, D., Njiric, S., a me Coklo, M. Nā hopena lōʻihi o ka makahiki e pili ana i ka makahiki e pili ana i ka makahiki me ka prednisolone acetate - kuhikuhi kūikawā i nā loli ākea ākea ākea. ʻO Coll.Antropol. 2008; 32: 351-353. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  90. Cho, E., Hankinson, S. E., Rosner, B., Willett, W. C., a me Colditz, G. A. Ke aʻo kūpono ʻana i ka lawe ʻana o ka lutein / zeaxanthin a me ka makaʻu o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi makula e pili ana i ka makahiki. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2008; 87: 1837-1843. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  91. Dherani, M., Murthy, GV, Gupta, SK, Young, IS, Maraini, G., Camparini, M., Kumukūʻai, GM, John, N., Chakravarthy, U., a me Fletcher, ʻAʻO nā kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koʻo , carotenoids a me retinol pili ʻokoʻa i ka cataract i ka heluna kanaka o North India. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2008; 49: 3328-3335. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  92. Moeller, SM, Voland, R., Tinker, L., Blodi, BA, Klein, ML, Gehrs, KM, Johnson, EJ, Snodderly, DM, Wallace, RB, Chappell, RJ, Parekh, N., Ritenbaugh, C ., a me Mares, JA Associations ma waena o ka cataract nukleila pili i ka makahiki a me ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin i ka papaʻai a me ka serum i nā Carotenoids i ka Study-Disease Eye Study e pili ana i ka makahiki, kahi noiʻi ancillary o ka Initiative Health Women. Arch.Ophthalmol. 2008; 126: 354-364. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  93. ʻO Bartlett, H. E. a me Eperjesi, F.ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i hoʻokolohua ʻole ʻia e noiʻi ana i ka hopena o ka lutein a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka papa ʻaʻai anti Kauka Nutr. 2008; 27: 218-227. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  94. Adackapara, C. A., Sunness, J. S., Dibernardo, C. W., Melia, B. M., a me Dagnelie, G. Prevalence o ka cystoid macular edema a me ke kūpaʻa o ka oct retinal mānoanoa i nā maka me retinitis pigmentosa i ka 48 mau hebedoma lutein hoʻokolokolo. Retina 2008; 28: 103-110. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  95. ʻO Thomson, C. A., Stendell-Hollis, N. R., Rock, C. L., Cussler, E. C., Flatt, S. W., a me Pierce, ʻo J. P. Plasma a me nā dietary carotenoids e pili pū me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa oxidative stress i nā wahine i mālama mua ʻia no ka maʻi maʻi umauma. Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Epidemiol. ʻO Biomarkers Prev. 2007; 16: 2008-2015. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  96. LaRowe, T. L., Mares, J. A., Snodderly, D. M., Klein, M. L., Wooten, B. R., a me Chappell, R. Macular pigment density and maculopathy pili i ka makahiki i nā Carotenoids i ka makahiki e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO kahi haʻawina kōkua i ka hana olakino wahine. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 876-883. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  97. San Giovanni, JP, Chew, EY, Clemons, TE, Ferris, FL, III, Gensler, G., Lindblad, AS, Milton, RC, Seddon, JM, a me Sperduto, RD Ka pilina o ka carotenoid dietary a me ka wikamina A, E , a me ka loaʻa ʻana o C me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i nā makahiki i kahi hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hihia: AREDS Hōʻike Helu 22. Arch.Ophthalmol. 2007; 125: 1225-1232. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  98. Robman, L., Vu, H., Hodge, A., Tikellis, G., Dimitrov, P., McCarty, C., a me Guymer, R. Diute lutein, zeaxanthin, a me nā momona a me ka holomua o ka macular e pili ana i ka makahiki. hoʻohaʻahaʻa. Hiki.J.Ophthalmol. 2007; 42: 720-726. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  99. ʻO Tan, J. S., Wang, J. J., Flood, V., Rochtchina, E., Smith, W., a me Mitchell, P. Nā Dietantant Diants a me nā hanana lōʻihi o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi macular e pili ana i nā makahiki: ʻo ka Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 334-341. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  100. ʻO Gouado, I., Schweigert, F. J., Ejoh, R. A., Tchouanguep, M. F., a me Camp, J. V. ʻO nā pae ʻōnaehana carotenoids mai nā mango a me nā papaya i hoʻopau ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻano (wai, ʻāpana a maloʻo maloʻo). Eur.J.Clin.Nutr. 2007; 61: 1180-1188. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  101. Richer, S., Devenport, J., a me Lang, J. C. LAST II: Nā pane kūlohelohe o ka macular pigment density density i nā mea maʻi me ka atrophic makahiki e pili ana i ka macular degeneration i ka dietary supplementation me xanthophylls. Optometry. 2007; 78: 213-219. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  102. Palombo, P., Fabrizi, G., Ruocco, V., Ruocco, E., Fluhr, J., Roberts, R., a me Morganti, P. Nā hopena lōʻihi lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau antioxidant oral / topical me nā carotenoids ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin ma ka ʻili kanaka: kahi makapō makapō, kahi hoʻomalu placebo. Lapaʻau Pharmacol. Physiol 2007; 20: 199-210. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  103. Cangemi, F. E. TOZAL Haʻawina: kahi ākea e mālama i ka hihia hihia i kahi oral antioxidant a me ka omega-3 kōkua no ka AMD maloʻo. BMC Ophthalmol 2007; 7: 3. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  104. ʻO Bartlett, H. E. a me ʻEperjesi, F. Ka hopena o ka lutein a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā papa ʻaʻai anti Eur.J.Clin.Nutr. 2007; 61: 1121-1127. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  105. Hozawa, A., Jacobs, DR, Jr., Steffes, MW, Gross, MD, Steffen, LM, a me Lee, DH Pili o ke kaʻapuni ʻana o nā kukuna carotenoid me nā māka o ka laha, ke kaumaha oxidative, a me ka hopena endothelial: ka Coronary Artery Risk Ke hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio (CARDIA) / Young Longlonginal Trends i nā Antioxidants (YALTA) hoʻopaʻa. ʻO Clin Chem 2007; 53: 447-455. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  106. Rosenthal, JM, Kim, J., de, Monasterio F., Thompson, DJ, Bone, RA, Landrum, JT, de Moura, FF, Khachik, F., Chen, H., Schleicher, RL, Ferris, FL, III, a me Chew, EY Dose-ranging haʻawina o ka hoʻolauna lutein i nā kānaka he 60 a ʻoi paha makahiki. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2006; 47: 5227-5233. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  107. Trumbo, P. R. a me Ellwood, K. C. Lutein a me zeaxanthin i loaʻa a me ka makaʻu o ka makahiki e pili ana i ka macular degeneration a me nā cataract: kahi loiloi e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻōnaehana hōʻike loiloi e pili ana i nā hōʻike olakino a ka Food and Drug Administration. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2006; 84: 971-974. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  108. Schalch, W., Cohn, W., Barker, FM, Kopcke, W., Mellerio, J., Bird, AC, Robson, AG, Fitzke, FF, a me van Kuijk, FJ Xanthophyll i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka retina kanaka i ka wā o ka supplementation me lutein a zeaxanthin paha - ke aʻo ʻana ʻo LUXEA (LUtein Xanthophyll Eye Accumulation). Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 2-15-2007; 458: 128-135. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  109. Moeller, SM, Parekh, N., Tinker, L., Ritenbaugh, C., Blodi, B., Wallace, RB, a me Mares, nā hui JA ma waena o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i ka makahiki waena a me ka lutein a me zeaxanthin i loko o nā Carotenoids i Age- e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa maʻi ʻana i ka maka (CAREDS): ke aʻo kōkua ʻana o ka Initiative Health Women. Arch.Ophthalmol. 2006; 124: 1151-1162. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  110. ʻO Shao, A. a me Hathcock, J. N. Loiloi helu no ka carotenoids lutein a me ka lycopene. Regul.Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 45: 289-298. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  111. Flood, V., Rochtchina, E., Wang, J. J., Mitchell, P., a me Smith, W. Lutein a me zeaxanthin papaʻai a me nā makahiki e pili ana i ka macular degeneration. Br.J. Ophthalmol. 2006; 90: 927-928. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  112. ʻO Bahrami, H., Melia, M., a me Dagnelie, G. Lutein supplementation in retinitis pigmentosa: Nānā i ka ʻike ma ka PC i kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kaulike ʻia [NCT00029289]. BMC.Ophthalmol. 2006; 6:23. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  113. Herron, K. L., McGrane, M. M., Waters, D., Lofgren, I. E., Clark, R. M., Ordovas, J. M., a me Fernandez, M. L. Hāʻawi ka polymorphism ABCG5 i nā pane pākahi i ka dietary kolesterol a me nā carotenoids i nā hua. ʻO J Nutr 2006; 136: 1161-1165. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  114. Andersen, L. F., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., Gross, M. D., Schreiner, P. J., Dale, Williams O., a me Lee, D. H. Nā hui lōʻihi ma waena o ka papa kuhikuhi kino a me nā carotenoids serum: ke aʻo CARDIA. Br J Nutr 2006; 95: 358-365. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  115. Zhao, X., Aldini, G., Johnson, EJ, Rasmussen, H., Kraemer, K., Woolf, H., Musaeus, N., Krinsky, NI, Russell, RM, a me Yeum, KJ Hoʻololi o ka lymphocyte DNA. poino e ka carotenoid supplementation i nā wahine postmenopausal. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 163-169. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  116. ʻO Coyne, T., Ibiebele, TI, Baade, PD, Dobson, A., McClintock, C., Dunn, S., Leonard, D., a me Shaw, J. Diabetes mellitus a me nā carotenoids serum: nā hopena o kahi heluna lehulehu hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma Queensland, Australia. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82: 685-693. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  117. Ito, Y., Wakai, K., Suzuki, K., Ozasa, K., Watanabe, Y., Seki, N., Ando, ​​M., Nishino, Y., Kondo, T., Ohno, Y., a me Tamakoshi, A. ʻO ka make ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai pūpū a me nā pae serum o carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, a me folic acid i nā kāne a me nā wahine: kahi hihia hoʻokolokolo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka JACC Study. J Epidemiol. 2005; 15 Hōʻailona 2: S140-S149. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  118. Morganti, P., Fabrizi, G., a me Bruno, C. Nā hopena pale o nā antioxidants waha i ka hana o ka ʻili a me ka maka. Pākuʻi ʻia. 2004; 3: 310-316. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  119. Natarajan, L., Pohaku, CL, Nui, JM, Thomson, CA, Caan, BJ, Flatt, SW, Chilton, JA, Hollenbach, KA, Newman, VA, Faerber, S., Ritenbaugh, CK, Gula, E. , Stefanick, ML, Jones, LA, Marshall, JR, a me Pierce, JP Ma ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻina hana he nui o ka loiloi dietary. Epidemiology 2004; 15: 738-745. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  120. ʻO Dorgan, JF, Boakye, NA, Makau, TR, Schleicher, RL, Helsel, W., Anderson, C., Robinson, J., Guin, JD, Lessin, S., Ratnasinghe, LD, a me Tangrea, JA Serum carotenoids a me ka alpha-tocopherol a me ka makaʻu o ka nonmelanoma maʻi ʻaʻai. Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Epidemiol. ʻO Biomarkers Prev. 2004; 13: 1276-1282. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  121. van der Horst-Graat JM, Kok, F. J., a me Schouten, E. G. Plasma carotenoid concentrations e pili ana i nā maʻi hanu koʻikoʻi i ka poʻe ʻelemākule. Br J Nutr 2004; 92: 113-118. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  122. ʻO Molldrem, K. L., Li, J., Simon, P. W., a me Tanumihardjo, S. A. Lutein a me beta-carotene mai nā kāloti melemele i loaʻa i ka lutein hiki ke loaʻa i nā kānaka. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2004; 80: 131-136. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  123. Dwyer, J. H., Paul-Labrador, M. J., Fan, J., Shircore, A. M., Merz, C. N., a me Dwyer, K. M. Holomua o ka mānoanoa medima-media carotid a me nā antioxidant plasma: ʻo ka Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study. Arterioscler. Thomb. Vasc.Biol 2004; 24: 313-319. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  124. Upritchard, J. E., Schuurman, C. R., Wiersma, A., Tijburg, L. B., Coolen, S. A., Rijken, P. J., a me Wiseman, S. A. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia me nā lāʻau kaulike o ka huaʻai E a me nā carotenoids e hoʻemi ana i ka lipid peroxidation i ke olakino, nā mākua ʻole ʻole. 'Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78: 985-992. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  125. ʻO Bartlett, H. a me Eperjesi, F. ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kaulike ʻole e nānā ana i ka hopena o ka hoʻopili nutritional i ka hana ʻike i ka maʻamau, a me nā maʻi macular e pili ana i nā makahiki i pili i nā maka: ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana [ISRCTN78467674]. ʻO Nutr.J. 10-10-2003; 2: 12. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  126. Abnet, CC, Qiao, YL, Dawsey, SM, Buckman, DW, Yang, CS, Blot, WJ, Dong, ZW, Taylor, PR, a me Mark, SD Prospective study of serum retinol, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, a me nā maʻi lutein / zeaxanthin a me nā esophageal a me nā gastric i Kina. Ka hopena o ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi 2003; 14: 645-655. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  127. ʻO Kiokias, S. a me Gordon, M. H. ʻO nā meaʻai kīnā me ka hoʻohui carotenoid maoli e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke kaumaha oxidative. ʻO Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2003; 57: 1135-1140. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  128. Williams, M. A., Woelk, G. B., King, I. B., Jenkins, L., a me Mahomed, K. Plasma carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, a me lipoproteins i preeclamptic a normotensive hāpai wahine Zimbabwean. ʻO Am J Hypertens. 2003; 16: 665-672. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  129. ʻO Gale, C. R., Hall, N. F., Phillips, D. I., a me Martyn, C. N. Lutein a me ke kūlana zeaxanthin a me ka makaʻu o ka degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2003; 44: 2461-2465. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  130. Cardinault, N., Gorrand, J. M., Tyssandier, V., Grolier, P., Rock, E., a me Borel, P. Hoʻohui pōkole me ka lutein e hoʻopili i nā biomarkers o ke kūlana lutein e like me nā mea ʻōpio a me nā ʻelemākule. Exp.Gerontol. 2003; 38: 573-582. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  131. ʻO Bone, R. A., Landrum, J. T., Guerra, L. H., a me Ruiz, C. A. Lutein a me zeaxanthin dietary supplement e hāpai i ka macular pigment density a me ka serum concentrations o kēia mau carotenoids i kānaka. J.Nutr. 2003; 133: 992-998. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  132. ʻO Djuric, Z., Uhley, VE, Naegeli, L., Lababidi, S., Macha, S., a me Heilbrun, LK Plasma carotenoids, tocopherols, a me ka hiki i ka antioxidant i loko o kahi hebedoma hebedoma hebedoma i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi momona a me / a i ʻole ka ikehu. hoʻokomo Nutr 2003; 19: 244-249. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  133. Falsini, B., Piccardi, M., Iarossi, G., Fadda, A., Merendino, E., a me Valentini, P. Ka hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ka manawa pōkole ma ka hana macular i ka maculopathy e pili ana i nā makahiki: kahi papa pailaka me kahi loiloi electrophysiologic. Ophthalmology 2003; 110: 51-60. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  134. ʻO Olmedilla, B., Granado, F., Blanco, I., a me Vaquero, M. Lutein, akā ʻaʻole alpha-tocopherol, hoʻonui i ka hana ʻike i nā mea maʻi me nā cataract pili i ka makahiki: kahi 2-y pālua makapō, placebo- hoʻopaʻa haʻawina pailaka. Nutr 2003; 19: 21-24. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  135. ʻO Berendschot, T. T., Broekmans, W. M., Klopping-Ketelaars, I. A., Kardinaal, A. F., Van, Poppel G., a me Van, Norren D. Lens e ʻelemakule nei e pili ana i nā mea e pono ai ka nutritional a me nā mea pilikia no nā cataract pili i ka makahiki. Arch.Ophthalmol. 2002; 120: 1732-1737. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  136. Bowen, P. E., Herbst-Espinosa, S. M., Hussain, E. A., a me Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M. Esterification ʻaʻole ia e hōʻino i ka bioavailability lutein i loko o nā kānaka. J.Nutr. 2002; 132: 3668-3673. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  137. Broekmans, WM, Berendschot, TT, Klopping-Ketelaars, IA, de Vries, AJ, Goldbohm, RA, Tijburg, LB, Kardinaal, AF, a me van Poppel, G. Hoʻohui pigment Macular e pili ana i ka nui o ka serum a me nā adipose kiko kiko o ka lutein. a me nā concentrations serum o zeaxanthin. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2002; 76: 595-603. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  138. Snellen, E. L., Verbeek, A. L., Van Den Hoogen, G. W., Cruysberg, J. R., a me Hoyng, C. B. Neovascular degeneration e pili ana i ka makahiki me ka pilina me ka lawe ʻana o antioxidant. ʻO Acta Ophthalmol.Scand. 2002; 80: 368-371. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  139. ʻO Valero, M. P., Fletcher, A. E., De Stavola, B. L., Vioque, J., a me Alepuz, V. C. Pili pū ka wikamina C me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka cataract i kahi heluna kanaka o ke Kaiwaenahonua. J.Nutr. 2002; 132: 1299-1306. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  140. ʻO Eichler, O., Sies, H., a me Stahl, W. Divergent optimum pae o lycopene, beta-carotene a me lutein e pale aku ana i ka hoʻāla ʻana o UVB i nā fibroblastst kanaka. Photochem.Photobiol. 2002; 75: 503-506. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  141. ʻO Duncan, JL, Aleman, TS, Gardner, LM, De Castro, E., Marks, DA, Emmons, JM, Bieber, ML, Steinberg, JD, Bennett, J., Stone, EM, MacDonald, IM, Cideciyan, AV , Maguire, MG, a me Jacobson, SG Macment pigment a me ka lutein supplementation ma choroideremia. Exp.Eye Res. 2002; 74: 371-381. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  142. Rock, C. L., Thornquist, M. D., Neuhouser, M. L., Kristal, A. R., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Cooper, D. A., Patterson, R. E., a me Cheskin, L. J. Diet a me ka nohona e hoʻopili ai i ka lutein i ke koko a me ka papaʻai. J.Nutr. 2002; 132: 525S-530S. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  143. ʻO Taylor, A., Jacques, PF, Chylack, LT, Jr., Hankinson, SE, Khu, PM, Rogers, G., Hoa, J., Tung, W., Wolfe, JK, Padhye, N., a me Willett , WC Loaʻa i ka wā lōʻihi o nā wikamina a me nā carotenoids a me nā mea hikiʻole i ka wā o ka wā kahiko e pili ana i ka cortical a me ka hope o ka opacities subcapsular. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2002; 75: 540-549. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  144. ʻO Curran-Celentano, J., Hammond, BR, Jr., Ciulla, TA, Cooper, DA, Pratt, LM, a me Danis, ka pilina RB ma waena o ka lawe ʻana i ka papaʻai, nā noʻonoʻo o ke serum, a me nā kolamu retina o ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin i nā mākua ma Midwest. heluna kanaka. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2001; 74: 796-802. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  145. ʻO Gale, C. R., Hall, N. F., Phillips, D. I., a me Martyn, C. N. Plasma antioxidant nā wikamina a me nā carotenoids a me nā cataract pili i ka makahiki. Ophthalmology 2001; 108: 1992-1998. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  146. Jacques, PF, Chylack, LT, Jr., Hankinson, SE, Khu, PM, Rogers, G., Hoa, J., Tung, W., Wolfe, JK, Padhye, N., Willett, WC, a me Taylor, A. Loaʻa i ka meaʻai momona lōʻihi a me nā opacities nukila e pili ana i nā makahiki. Arch.Ophthalmol. 2001; 119: 1009-1019. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  147. Junghans, A., Sies, H., a me Stahl, W. Macular pigment lutein a me zeaxanthin e like me nā kānana kukui polū i aʻo ʻia i liposome. Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 7-15-2001; 391: 160-164. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  148. Aleman, TS, Duncan, JL, Bieber, ML, De Castro, E., Marks, DA, Gardner, LM, Steinberg, JD, Cideciyan, AV, Maguire, MG, a me Jacobson, SG Macular pigment a me ka lutein supplementation ma retinitis pigmentosa a me Usher syndrome. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2001; 42: 1873-1881. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  149. Dwyer, JH, Navab, M., Dwyer, KM, Hassan, K., Sun, P., Shircore, A., Hama-Levy, S., Hough, G., Wang, X., Drake, T., ʻO Merz, CN, a me Fogelman, AM Oxygenated carotenoid lutein a me ka holomua o ka atherosclerosis mua: ke aʻo atherosclerosis Los Angeles. Kaapuni 6-19-2001; 103: 2922-2927. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  150. O'Neill, ME, Carroll, Y., Corridan, B., Olmedilla, B., Granado, F., Blanco, I., van den, Berg H., Hininger, I., Rousell, AM, Chopra, M ., Southon, S., a me Thurnham, DI He hōkeo ʻikepili ʻo carotenoid ʻEulopa e loiloi i nā loaʻa o ka carotenoid a me kāna hoʻohana ʻana i kahi noiʻi hoʻohālikelike ʻelima mau ʻāina. Br J Nutr 2001; 85: 499-507. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  151. Olmedilla, B., Granado, F., Southon, S., Wright, AJ, Blanco, I., Gil-Martinez, E., Berg, H., Corridan, B., Roussel, AM, Chopra, M., a me Thurnham, DI Serum concentrations o carotenoids a me nā wikamina A, E, a me C i nā kumuhana kāohi mai nā pae ʻelima o ʻEulopa. ʻO Br J Nutr 2001; 85: 227-238. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  152. ʻO Mares-Perlman, JA, Fisher, AI, Klein, R., Palta, M., Block, G., Millen, AE, a me Wright, JD Lutein a me zeaxanthin i ka papaʻai a me ka serum a me kā lākou pili i ka maculopathy pili i ka makahiki i ke kolu o ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino a me ka nānā pono kino kino. Am.J.Epidemiol. 3-1-2001; 153: 424-432. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  153. Beatty, S., Murray, I. J., Henson, D. B., Carden, D., Koh, H., a me Boulton, M. E. ʻO Macular pigment a me ka makaʻu no ka degeneration macular e pili ana i nā makahiki i nā kumuhana mai ka heluna o ka ʻĀkau ʻEulopa. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2001; 42: 439-446. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  154. ʻO Bone, R. A., Landrum, J. T., Mayne, S. T., Gomez, C. M., Tibor, S. E., a me Twaroska, E. E. Macular pigment i nā maka hāʻawi a me ka ʻole o ka AMD: kahi noiʻi hoʻokolokolo. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2001; 42: 235-240. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  155. ʻO Chopra, M., O'Neill, M. E., Keogh, N., Wortley, G., Southon, S., a me Thurnham, D. I. Ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hua a me nā mea kanu i ka plasma a me nā lipoprotein carotenoids a me ka LDL oxidation i nā mea puhipaka a me nā poʻe ʻume ʻole ʻO Clin.Chem. 2000; 46: 1818-1829. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  156. Berendschot, T. T., Goldbohm, R. A., Klopping, W. A., van de, Kraats J., van Norel, J., a me van Norren, D. Ka hopena o ka hoʻopili lutein ma ka pigment macular, i loiloi ʻia me nā ʻano hana ʻelua. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2000; 41: 3322-3326. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  157. ʻO Bone, R. A., Landrum, J. T., Dixon, Z., Chen, Y., a me Llerena, C. M. Lutein a me zeaxanthin i nā maka, serum a me ka papaʻai o nā kumuhana kanaka. Exp.Eye Res. 2000; 71: 239-245. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  158. Rapp, L. M., Maple, S. S., a me Choi, J. H. Lutein a me nā zeaxanthin i loko o nā koʻokoʻo o ka ʻaoʻao i waho o ka membrane mai perifoveal a me peripheral retina kanaka. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2000; 41: 1200-1209. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  159. Sumantran, V. N., Zhang, R., Lee, D. S., a me Wicha, M. S. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻokoʻa o ka apoptosis i ka maʻamau me ka epithelium mammary i hoʻololi ʻia e lutein a me reticic acid. Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Epidemiol. ʻO Biomarkers Prev. 2000; 9: 257-263. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  160. het Hof, K. H., Tijburg, L. B., Pietrzik, K., a me Weststrate, J. A. Ka hopena o ka hānai ʻana i nā mea kanu like ʻole i nā pae plasma o carotenoids, folate a me nā wikamina C. Ka hopena o ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana i ka matrix mea kanu. Br.J Nutr 1999; 82: 203-212. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  161. Siems, W. G., Sommerburg, O., a me van Kuijk, F. J. Lycopene a me beta-carotene decompose ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin ke hōʻike ʻia i nā pro-oxidants like ʻole i vitro. Nā Biofactors 1999; 10 (2-3): 105-113. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  162. ʻO Wright, A. J., Hughes, D. A., Bailey, A. L., a me Southon, S. Beta-carotene a me lycopene, akā ʻaʻole ka lutein, hoʻololi ka supplementation i ka profile fatty acid profile o nā kāne puhipaka maikaʻi. ʻO J Lab Clin Med 1999; 134: 592-598. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  163. Castenmiller, J. J., Lauridsen, S. T., Dragsted, L. O., het Hof, K. H., Linssen, J. P., a me West, C. E. beta-carotene ʻaʻole e loli i nā māka o ka enzymatic a me ka nonenzymatic hana antioxidant i ke koko kanaka.ʻO J Nutr 1999; 129: 2162-2169. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  164. ʻO Sommerburg, O. G., Siems, W. G., Hurst, J. S., Lewis, J. W., Kliger, D. S., a me van Kuijk, F. J. Lutein a me zeaxanthin e pili me nā photoreceptors i ka retina kanaka. ʻO Curr.Eye Res. 1999; 19: 491-495. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  165. Paetau, I., Rao, D., Wiley, E. R., Brown, E. D., a me Clevidence, B. A. Carotenoids i loko o nā hunaola mucosa buccal kanaka ma hope o 4 wk o ka supplementation me ka wai kōmato a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi lycopene. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 490-494. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  166. ʻO Richer, S. ARMD - pailaka (series case) ʻikepili noiʻi kūloko. ʻO J Am Optom. Assoc 1999; 70: 24-36. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  167. Handelman, G. J., Nightingale, Z. D., Lichtenstein, A. H., Schaefer, E. J., a me Blumberg, J. B. Lutein a me nā zeaxanthin concentrations i ka plasma ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka papaʻai me ka hua moa. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1999; 70: 247-251. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  168. Garcia-Closas, R., Agudo, A., Gonzalez, C. A., a me Riboli, E. Loaʻa i nā carotenoids kikoʻī a me nā flavonoid a me ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻa maʻi i nā wahine ma Barcelona, ​​Sepania. Nutr Cancer 1998; 32: 154-158. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  169. Li, L., Chen, CY, Aldini, G., Johnson, EJ, Rasmussen, H., Yoshida, Y., Niki, E., Blumberg, JB, Russell, RM, a me Yeum, KJ Hoʻohui me ka lutein a i ʻole ka lutein eia kekahi me nā kī kī ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻaʻole e loli i ke koʻikoʻi oxidative i ka makua makua i lawa pono. J Nutr.Biochem. 2010; 21: 544-549. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  170. ʻO Sin, H. P., Liu, D. T., a me Lam, D. S. Hoʻololi ka nohona, nā mea kōkua a me nā huaora no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i ka makahiki. ʻO Acta Ophthalmol. 2013; 91: 6-11. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  171. Johnson, E. J., McDonald, K., Caldarella, S. M., Chung, H. Y., Troen, A. M., a me Snodderly, D. M. Loaʻa nā ʻike o ka hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolohua o ka docosahexaenoic acid a me ka hoʻopili lutein i nā wahine makua. Nutr Neurosci 2008; 11: 75-83. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  172. Johnson, E. J., Chung, H. Y., Caldarella, S. M., a me Snodderly, D. M. Ke ʻano o ka lutein supplemental a me ka docosahexaenoic acid ma ke serum, lipoproteins, a me macular pigmentation. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 1521-1529. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  173. Ito, Y., Wakai, K., Suzuki, K., Tamakoshi, A., Seki, N., Ando, ​​M., Nishino, Y., Kondo, T., Watanabe, Y., Ozasa, K., a me Ohno, Y. Serot carotenoids a me ka make ʻana mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai akemāmā: kahi noiʻi hihia-hihia i kau ʻia ma ka noiʻi ʻo Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC). Kanesa sci. 2003; 94: 57-63. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  174. ʻO Kawabata, F. a me Tsuji, T. Nā hopena o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi meaʻai me ka hui o ka iʻa iʻa, ka bilberry extract, a me ka lutein ma nā ʻōuli kumuhana o astenopia i loko o nā kānaka. ʻO Biomed Res 2011; 32: 387-393. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  175. Eliassen, AH, Hendrickson, SJ, Brinton, LA, Buring, JE, Campos, H., Dai, Q., Dorgan, JF, Franke, AA, Gao, YT, Goodman, MT, Hallmans, G., Helzlsouer, KJ , Hoffman-Bolton, J., Hulten, K., Sesso, HD, Sowell, AL, Tamimi, RM, Toniolo, P., Wilkens, LR, Winkvist, A., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., Zheng, W. , a me Hankinson, SE Carotenoids e hoʻopōʻaiapuni ana a me ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma: ua hoʻopili ʻia i nā noiʻi ʻewalu e hiki mai ana. ʻO J Natl.Cancer Inst. 12-19-2012; 104: 1905-1916. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  176. Aune, D., Chan, DS, Vieira, AR, Navarro Rosenblatt, DA, Vieira, R., Greenwood, DC, a me Norat, T. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nui o ke koko o nā carotenoids a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma umauma: kahi ʻōnaehana loiloi a me nā meta- Ka Ikepili o ke aʻo prospective. 'Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96: 356-373. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  177. Hu, F., Wang, Yi B., Zhang, W., Liang, J., Lin, C., Li, D., Wang, F., Pang, D., a me Zhao, Y. Carotenoids a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma weliweli: kahi meta-analysis a me meta-regression. ʻO Res Breast Cancer. Hana. 2012; 131: 239-253. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  178. Chong, E. W., Wong, T. Y., Kreis, A. J., Simpson, J. A., a me Guymer, R. H. Nā mea ʻai antioxidant a me ka pale mua ʻana i nā makahiki e pili ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular: ka loiloi ʻōnaehana a me nā meta-analysis. BMJ 10-13-2007; 335: 755. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  179. Cardinault, N., Tyssandier, V., Grolier, P., Winklhofer-Roob, BM, Ribalta, J., Bouteloup-Demange, C., Rock, E., a me Borel, P. Hoʻohālikelike i nā pane chotomicron carotenoid postprandial i nā kumuhana ʻōpio a ʻoi aku ka nui. Eur.J.Nutr. 2003; 42: 315-323. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  180. Heinrich, U., Gartner, C., Wiebusch, M., Eichler, O., Sies, H., Tronnier, H., a me Stahl, W. Hoʻohui me beta-carotene a i like ka nui o nā carotenoids hui e pale i nā kānaka mai Erythema i hoʻokomo ʻia e UV. ʻO J Nutr 2003; 133: 98-101. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  181. Malila, N., Virtamo, J., Virtanen, M., Pietinen, P., Albanes, D., a me Teppo, L. Dieteta a me ka serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene a me retinol, a me ka makaʻu no ka maʻi ʻaʻai kala i nā kāne nā puhipaka. Eur.J.Clin.Nutr. 2002; 56: 615-621. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  182. Hininger, IA, Meyer-Wenger, A., Moser, U., Wright, A., Southon, S., Thurnham, D., Chopra, M., van den, Berg H., Olmedilla, B., Favier, AE, a me Roussel, AM ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi o ka lutein, lycopene a i ʻole beta-carotene supplementation ma nā meaolaola o ke koʻikoʻi oxidative a me ka LDL oxidizability i nā mea makua olakino olakino. ʻO J Am Coll Nutr 2001; 20: 232-238. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  183. Yamini, S., Komohana, KP, Jr., Wu, L., Dreyfuss, ML, Yang, DX, a me Khatry, SK Ka pae ʻana o retinol, tocopherol a me carotenoid i Nepali hāpai wahine a hānau wahine ma hope o ka manawa lōʻihi beta-carotene a me ka huaora A supplementation. Eur.J.Clin.Nutr. 2001; 55: 252-259. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  184. van den Berg H. Ka hopena o ka lutein ma ka lawe ʻana beta-carotene a me ka cleavage. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1998; 68: 360-5. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  185. Albanes D, Virtamo J, Taylor PR, et al. Nā hopena o ka beta-carotene supplemental, ka uahi paka, a me ka inu waiʻona ma nā carotenoids serum ma ka Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevent Study. 'Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 66: 366-72. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  186. Reboul E, Thap S, Perrot E, et al. Ka hopena o nā antioxidant dietary nui (carotenoids, gamma-tocopherol, polyphenols, a me ka wikamina C) ma ka lawe alpha-tocopherol. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 61: 1167-73. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  187. Bloomer RJ, Fry A, Schilling B, Chiu L, et al. ʻAʻole hoʻonā ʻo Astaxanthin supplementation i ka ʻehaʻeha ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana i nā kāne hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūʻē. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2005; 15: 401-12. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  188. Parisi V, Tedeschi M, Gallinaro G, et al. Carotenoids a me nā antioxidants i ka makahiki maculopathy ʻItalia hoʻopaʻa haʻawina: multifocal electroretinogram hoʻololi ma hope o 1 makahiki. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 324-33. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  189. Thurmann PA, Schalch W, Aebischer JC, et al. ʻO nā kinetics Plasma o ka lutein, zeaxanthin, a me 3-dehydro-lutein ma hope o nā kaha waha he nui o kahi waihona lutein. 'Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82: 88-97. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  190. Lee EH, Faulhaber D, Hanson KM, et al. Hoʻoemi ka luteinʻai i ultraviolet radiation i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka mumū a me ka immunosuppression. ʻO J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122: 510-7. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  191. Gruber M, Chappell R, Millen A, et al. Nā pilina o ka lutein serum + zeaxanthin: nā hopena i loaʻa mai ka Nūnū Nānā Nānā ʻElua Ola. ʻO J Nutr 2004; 134: 2387-94. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  192. ʻO Bowen PE, Herbst-Espinosa SM, Hussain EA, Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M. ʻAʻole hōʻino ka Esterification i ka bioavailability lutein i nā kānaka. ʻO J Nutr 2002; 132: 3668-73. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  193. Koh HH, Murray IJ, Nolan D, et al. Nā Plasma a me nā pane macular i ka lutein supplement i nā kumuhana me a me ka ʻole o ka maculopathy e pili ana i ka makahiki: kahi aʻo pailaka. Exp Nānā Hou 2004; 79: 21-27. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  194. Chung HY, Rasmussen HM, Johnson EJ. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka bioavailability Lutein mai nā hua i hoʻonui ʻia i ka lutein ma mua o nā mea hoʻopili a me ka milo i nā kāne. ʻO J Nutr 2004; 134: 1887-93. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  195. Schupp C, Olano-Martin E, Gerth C, et al. Lutein, zeaxanthin, macular pigment, a me nā hiʻohiʻona i nā mea maʻi cystic fibrosis makua. 'Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79 1045-52. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  196. van Leeuwen R, Boekhoorn S, Vingerling JR, et al. Kaʻai ʻana o nā antioxidant a me ka makaʻu o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi makula e pili ana i ka makahiki. JAMA 2005; 294: 3101-7. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  197. Knekt P, Ritz J, Pereira MA, et al. ʻO nā huaʻai Antioxidant a me nā maʻi maʻi puʻuwau coronary: kahi loiloi ʻia o 9 cohorts. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 1508-20. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  198. Olmedilla B, Granado F, Southon S, et al. ʻO kahi multicentre Europa, kahi placebo-ka mana hoʻomalu aʻo me alpha-tocopherol, carotene-waiwai aila palm, lutein a i ʻole lycopene: ka nānā ʻana i nā pane serum. ʻO Clin Sci (Lond) 2002; 102: 447-56. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  199. Cho E, Seddon JM, Rosner B, et al. Ke aʻo kūpono ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i nā huaʻai, nā lau, nā huaora, a me nā carotenoids a me ka makaʻu o ka maculopathy pili i ka makahiki. Arch Ophthalmol 2004; 122: 883-92. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  200. Montonen J, Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A. Kaʻai ʻana o ka antioxidant a me ka makaʻu o ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Mālama Diabetes 2004; 27: 362-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  201. Goodman GE, Schaffer S, Omenn GS, et al. ʻO ka hui ma waena o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate, a me nā micronutrients serum: nā hopena a me nā haʻawina i aʻo ʻia mai ka beta-carotene a me ka retinol efficacy trial. Ka maʻi maʻi Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003; 12: 518-26. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  202. Richer S, Stiles W, Statkute ​​L, et al. Pālua-masked, placebo-kāohi ʻia, hoʻokolohua kaulike ʻole ʻia o ka lutein a me ka hoʻohui anti-antioxidant i ke komo ʻana o ka atrophic makahiki e pili ana i ka macular degermation: ke aʻo ʻana o ka Veterans LAST (Lutein Antioxidant Supplement Trial). Optometry 2004; 75: 216-30. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  203. Hammond BR Jr, Johnson EJ, Russell RM, et al. Hoʻololi meaʻai o ka nui o ka pigment macular kanaka. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997; 38: 1795-801 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  204. Pūʻulu Haʻawina Nānā Nānā-Nānā Maka. ʻO ke kūlana Antioxidant a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi macular e pili ana i ka makahiki. Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111: 104-9 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  205. ʻO Dagnelie G, Zorge IS, McDonald TM. Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Lutein i ka hana ʻike i kekahi mau maʻi me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa retina: kahi aʻo pailaka ma o ka Pūnaewele. Optometry 2000; 71: 147-64 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  206. Johnson EJ, Hammond BR, Yeum KJ, et al. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā serum a me nā kikoo o ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin a me ka nui o nā pigment macular. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 1555-62 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  207. Yeum KJ, Ahn SH, Rupp de Paiva SA, et al. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana ma waena o nā concentrations carotenoid i ke serum a me nāʻiʻo adipose umauma maʻamau o nā wahine me ka tumo umauma benign a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. J Nutr 1998; 128: 1920-6 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  208. ʻO Kim MK, Ahn SH, Lee-Kim. Ka pilina o ka serum alpha-tocopherol, carotenoids a me retinol me ka makaʻu o ka umauma maʻi 'aʻai. Nutr Res 2001; 21: 797-809.
  209. Kaiāulu V, Smith W, Wang JJ, et al. ʻO kaʻai ʻana o antioxidant a me nā hanana o maculopathy e pili ana i nā makahiki: ʻo ka Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2002; 109: 2272-8 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  210. Schunemann HJ, Grant BJ, Freudenheim JL, et al. ʻO ka pilina o nā pae serum o nā huaora antioxidant C a me E, retinol a me nā carotenoids me ka hana pulmonary i ka lehulehu. ʻO Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1246-55 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  211. VandenLangenberg GM, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein R, et al. ʻO nā hui ma waena o ka antioxidant a me ka zinc a me ka hanana 5 o ka maculopathy e pili ana i ka makahiki i ka Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 148: 204-14. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  212. Roodenburg AJ, Leenen R, van het Hof KH, et al. ʻO ka nui o ka momona i ka papaʻai e hoʻopili i ka bioavailability o nā lutein esters akā ʻaʻole ka alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, a me ka vitamina E i loko o nā kānaka. 'Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 1187-93. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  213. Mares-Perlman JA, Brady WE, Klein R, et al. ʻO nā antioxidant Serum a me nā degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki i kahi noiʻi hihia-kaohi lehulehu. Arch Ophthalmol 1995; 113: 518-23. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  214. ʻO Gossage C, Deyhim M, Moser-Veillon PB, et al. Ka hopena o ka beta-carotene supplementation a me ka lactation ma carotenoid metabolism a me ka mitogen T-lymphocyte hoʻonui. 'Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 950-5. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  215. Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto R, et al. Nā carotenoidsʻai, nā wikamina A, C, a me E, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa makula e pili ana i nā makahiki. JAMA 1994; 272: 1413-20. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  216. Mares-Perlman JA, Brady WE, Klein BE, et al. Serot carotenoids a me tocopherols a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā nukelea a me nā cortic opacities. Hoʻokomo iā Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995; 36: 276-88. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  217. Slattery ML, Potter JD, Coates A, a me al. Kanu i nā mea kanu a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai kolona: kahi loiloi i nā meaʻai kikoʻī a me kā lākou mau meaʻai e pili ana (United States). Nā kumu maʻi maʻi maʻi 1997; 8: 575-90. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  218. Steinmetz KA, Potter JD. Nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai. I. Epidemiology. Nā Kumu Hoʻoikaika i ka maʻi maʻi 1991; 2: 325-57. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  219. Slattery ML, Benson J, Curtin K, et al. Carotenoids a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai kolone. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 575-82. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  220. Hammond BR Jr, Wooten BR, Snodderly DM, a me al. Pili ka laulā o nā aniani aniani kanaka i nā carotenoids pigment macular, lutein a me zeaxanthin. Optom Vis Sci 1997; 74: 499-504. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  221. Sommerburg O, Keunen JE, Manu AC, van Kuijk FJ. ʻO nā hua a me nā mea kanu i kumu no ka lutein a me ka zeaxanthin: ka pigment makula i nā maka kanaka. Br J Ophthalmol 1998; 82: 907-10. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  222. Teikari JM, Virtamo J, Rautalahti M, et al. Hoʻohui wā lōʻihi me ka alpha-tocopherol a me ka beta-carotene a me ka cataract pili i ka makahiki. ʻO Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1997; 75: 634-40. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  223. Teikari JM, Rautalahti M, Haukka J, et al. ʻO ka hanana o ka hana cataract ma Finnish kāne puhipaka i hoʻopilikia ʻole ʻia e alpha tocopherol a i ʻole beta carotene supplement. ʻO J Epidemiol Community Health 1998; 52: 468-72. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  224. Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, et al. Loaʻa ka Antioxidant a me ka makaʻu o nā hanana cataract nukleila e pili ana i nā makahiki i ka Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149: 801-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  225. Chasan-Taber L, Willett WC, Seddon JM, et al. ʻO kahi noi prospective o carotenoid a me ka wikamina A i loaʻa a me ka makaʻu o ka cataract extraction i US wahine. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 509-16. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  226. Brown L, Rimm EB, Seddon JM, et al. Ke aʻo prospective o kaʻai carotenoid a me ka makaʻu o ka cataract extraction i nā kāne US. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 517-24. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  227. Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, et al. Loaʻa ka Antioxidant a me ka makaʻu o nā hanana cataract nukle i pili i nā makahiki i ka Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149: 801-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  228. Hankinson SE, Stampfer MJ, Seddon JM, et al. Loaʻa i ka momona a me ka cataract extraction i nā wahine: kahi prospective study. BMJ 1992; 305: 335-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  229. Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al. Nā carotenoidsʻai, nā wikamina A, C, a me E, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa makula e pili ana i nā makahiki. Pūʻulu Haʻawina Nānā Nānā-Nānā i ka Maka. JAMA 1994; 272: 1413-20. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  230. Koonsvitsky BP, Berry DA, et al. Hoʻopili ʻo Olestra i nā noʻonoʻo o ke serum o alpha-tocopherol a me nā carotenoids akā ʻaʻole ka huaola D a me ke kūlana vitamin K i nā kumuhana ola manuahi. ʻO J Nutr 1997; 127: 1636S-45S. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  231. ʻO Kostic D, White WS, Olson JA. Hoʻopau ka ʻōpū, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe serum, a me nā pilina ma waena o ka lutein a me ka beta-carotene ke lawelawe ʻia i nā mākua kanaka i ka hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole nā ​​huina waha. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 62: 604-10. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  232. van den Berg H, van Vliet T. Nā hopena o ka manawa like, hoʻokahi o nā kaha waha o beta-carotene me ka lutein a i ʻole ka lycopene ma ka beta-carotene a me nā pane ester retinyl i ka hakina lipoprotein waiwai triacylglycerol o nā kāne. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68: 82-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  233. Landrum JT, Bone RA, Joa H, et al. Hoʻokahi makahiki ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka pigment macular: ka hopena o 140 mau lā o kahi pākuʻi lutein. ʻO Exp Eye Res 1997; 65: 57-62. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  234. ʻO DM Snodderly. Nā hōʻike no ka pale ʻana i ka degeneration macular e pili ana i nā makahiki e nā carotenoids a me nā huaora antioxidant. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 62: 1448S-61S .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  235. Spraycar M, ed. Papa Kuhikuhi Lapaʻau ʻo Stedman. 26th ed. ʻO Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
  236. ʻO Pratt S. Ka pale ʻana i ka meaʻai o ka degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki. ʻO J Am Optom Assoc 1999; 70: 39-47. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  237. Berson EL, Rosner B, Sandberg MA, et al. ʻO ka hoʻokolohua kaulike ʻole o ka huaora A a me ka vitamona E hoʻohui no retinitis pigmentosa Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111: 761-72. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  238. Naylor CD, O'Rourke K, Detsky AS, Baker JP. ʻO ka meaʻai makua me nā lālā amino chain i nā hepatic encephalopathy. A meta-ʻanalike. ʻO Gastroenterology 1989; 97: 1033-42. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  239. Majumdar SK, Shaw GK, Thomson AD, et al. ʻO nā loli i loko o ka waiana wai amino aana lauana i loko o nā mea hoʻomanawanui ʻalekiko i ka manawa o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka etanol: ko lākou hopena maʻi Med Hypotheses 1983; 12: 239-51. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  240. Vorgerd M, Grehl T, Jager M, et al. ʻO ka Creatine therapy i ka hemahema myophosphorylase (maʻi McArdle): kahi hoʻokolokolo crossover kāohi ʻia e kahi placebo. Arch Neurol 2000; 57: 956-63. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  241. ʻO Foster S, ʻo Tyler VE. Herba ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Tyler: He alakaʻi kūpono i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā hoʻoponopono e pili ana. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
  242. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Laau Lapaʻau: He alakaʻi no nā ʻoihana mālama ola. Ladana, UK: Ka Hale Paʻi Lapaʻau, 1996.
  243. ʻO Tyler VE. Nā mea kanu o ke koho. Binghamton, NY: Hale Paʻi Mea Pono Mea Pono, 1994.
  244. Blumenthal M, ed. ʻO ke Komikina Kelemania E Monographs: Alakaʻi Therapeutic i nā lāʻau Laʻau. Trans. S. Klein. ʻO Boston, MA: ʻAmelika Botanical Council, 1998.
  245. ʻO nā monograps e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau o nā mea kanu lāʻau. Exeter, UK: ʻEpekema ʻEpekema Co-op Phytother, 1997.
Nānā hope - 02/23/2021

Nā Hoihoi I Kēia Lā

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Rihanna i kapa ʻia ʻo Puma's New Creative Director

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Rihanna i kapa ʻia ʻo Puma's New Creative Director

ʻO kekahi o nā kaila keu nui loa o ka 2014 he chic akā he lole ʻeleu hana - ʻike ʻoe, nā lole āu ʻoiaʻiʻo makemake e ʻaʻahu ma ke alanui ma hope o ka pā ʻana i ka hale hoʻoikaika kino. A hauʻoli ka po...
No ke aha e hoʻāʻo ai ka poʻe āpau me ka Therapy ma ka liʻiliʻi loa

No ke aha e hoʻāʻo ai ka poʻe āpau me ka Therapy ma ka liʻiliʻi loa

Ua haʻi aku kekahi iā ʻoe e hele i ka therapy? ʻAʻole pono ia he mea hōʻino. Ma ke ʻano he therapi t ma mua a me kahi mea hoʻomalule hele lōʻihi, manaʻo wau i ka hapanui o mākou e hiki ke pōmaikaʻi ma...