L-Tryptophan

Anter

• ʻAʻole kūpono paha no ...
• ʻAʻole lawa nā hōʻike e hōʻike i ka pono no ...
• Nā mālama a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūikawā:

ʻO L-tryptophan kahi waikawa amino. ʻO nā amino acid nā palaka kūkulu protein. Kāhea ʻia ʻo L-tryptophan he "acid" amino acid no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino ke hana iā ia iho. Pono e loaʻa mai ka meaʻai. ʻAi ʻia ʻo L-tryptophan ma ke ʻāpana o ka papaʻai a hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā meaʻai protein.

Hoʻohana ka poʻe iā L-tryptophan no nā ʻōuli PMS koʻikoʻi (premenstrual dysphoric maʻi a i ʻole PMDD), hana haʻuki, kaumaha, insomnia, a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe he nui, akā ʻaʻohe hōʻike ʻepekema maikaʻi e kākoʻo i kēia mau hoʻohana.

Nā Laʻau Laʻau Kūlohelohe Kūlohelohe nā helu kūpono e pili ana i nā hōʻike ʻepekema e like me ka pālākiō e hiki mai ana: Ka maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, ka maikaʻi ʻole, ka maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka lawa ʻole o nā hōʻike i ka helu.

Nā helu kūpono no L-TRYPTOPHAN penei:

ʻAʻole kūpono paha no ...

• Niho wili (bruxism). ʻAʻole kōkua ka lawe ʻana iā L-tryptophan e ka waha i ka mālama ʻana i nā niho.
• Kahi kumu e ʻū ai i ka ʻeha mau i ka ʻūmau (myofascial pain syndrome). ʻAʻole kōkua ka lawe ʻana iā L-tryptophan e ka waha e hōʻemi i kēia ʻano ʻeha.

ʻAʻole lawa nā hōʻike e hōʻike i ka pono no ...

• Hana Athletic. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi e lawe ana iā L-tryptophan no 3 mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mana i ka wā o ka hoʻoikaika kino. Kōkua kēia hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi mamao i hiki i kahi mea ʻaleʻale ke hele i ka manawa like. Akā ʻo nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe e hōʻike nei ʻo ka lawe ʻana iā L-tryptophan i ka wā o ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomanawanui i ka wā o ka hoʻolele kaʻa kaʻa. ʻAʻole maopopo nā kumu no nā hopena hakakā. Hiki paha iā L-tryptophan ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kekahi mau ana o ka hiki ʻana i ka haʻuki akā ʻaʻole kekahi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pono paha e lawe ʻo L-tryptophan i kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana i mea e ʻike ai i kahi pōmaikaʻi.
• Ka maʻi deficit-hyperactivity maʻi (ADHD). Aia kekahi mau hōʻike e ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka pae L-tryptophan i nā keiki me ADHD. Akā ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hoʻopiha L-tryptophan e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā ʻōuli ADHD.
• Kaumaha. Hōʻike ka ʻimi noiʻi mua e hoʻomaikaʻi paha ʻo L-tryptophan i ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau maʻamau no ke kaumaha.
• ʻO Fibromyalgia. Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā walnuts i kahi papaʻai Mediterranean e hāʻawi i kahi L-tryptophan a me ka magnesium e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hopohopo a me kekahi mau ʻōuli ʻē aʻe o fibromyalgia.
• ʻO kahi maʻi maʻi digestive e hiki ai i nā ulcer (Helicobacter pylori a i ʻole H. pylori). Hōʻike ka noiʻi e lawe ana i ka L-tryptophan me ka lāʻau ulcer omeprazole e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā uku hōʻola ulcer e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka lawe ʻana i ka omeprazole wale nō.
• ʻO Insomnia. Lawe paha ʻo L-tryptophan i ka nui o ka manawa e hiamoe a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka naʻau i ka poʻe olakino me nā pilikia hiamoe. Lawe paha ʻo L-tryptophan i ka hiamoe i loko o ka poʻe me nā pilikia hiamoe e pili ana i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā lāʻau kū ʻole i ke kānāwai.
• ʻO Migraine. Ua loaʻa kahi noiʻi mua i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pae haʻahaʻa o L-tryptophan i ka papaʻai e hoʻopili ʻia me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka makaʻu o ka migraine.
• Nā ʻōuli PMS nui loa (premenstrual dysphoric maʻi a i ʻole PMDD). Lawe i ka 6 gram o L-tryptophan i kēlā me kēia lā e like me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka loli, ke kūpikipiki, a me ka huhū i nā wahine me PMDD.
• Kaumaha kaumaha (kau pākī a me SAD). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua ʻana he kōkua paha ʻo L-tryptophan ma SAD.
• ʻO kahi maʻi hiamoe kahi e hoʻomaha ai ka poʻe i ka hanu ʻana i ka wā e hiamoe ana (sleep apnea). Aia kekahi mau hōʻike i ka lawe ʻana iā L-tryptophan e hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha i nā hanana i kekahi poʻe me kekahi ʻano o kēia ʻano, i kapa ʻia ʻo obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
• Ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puhipaka. Lawe ʻia ʻo L-tryptophan me ka hana maʻamau e kōkua paha i kekahi poʻe e haʻalele i ka puhipaka.
• Hopohopo.
• E hōʻole i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo i ka poʻe kahiko ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea maʻamau no ko lākou mau makahiki.
• Goute.
• Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS).
• Tourette maʻi pale.
• Nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.

Pono nā hōʻike hou aʻe e loiloi iā L-tryptophan no kēia mau hoʻohana.

Loaʻa ʻo L-tryptophan i loko o nā protein holoholona a me nā mea kanu. L-tryptophan manaʻo ʻia he amino acid pono no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ko mākou kino ke hana. He mea nui ia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea he nui i ke kino. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka L-tryptophan mai ka meaʻai, hoʻololi kā mākou mau kino i kekahi o lākou i 5-HTP (5-hyrdoxytr Egyptophan), a laila i ka serotonin. Hoʻohuli pū ko mākou kino i kekahi L-tryptophan i niacin (wikamina B3). ʻO Serotonin kahi hōmona e lawe i nā hōʻailona ma waena o nā hunaola nerve. Hoʻololi nō hoʻi ia i nā kīʻaha koko. Hiki i nā hoʻololi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka serotonin i ka lolo ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano. Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha: L-tryptophan ʻo ia SAFE MAU PONO ke lawe ʻia e ka waha, wā pōkole. Hiki i ka L-tryptophan ke hana i nā hopena ʻē aʻe e like me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, belching a me ke kinoea, nausea, luaʻi, diarrhea, a me ka make ʻole o ka makemake. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha i ke poʻo, ka māmā, ka hiamoe, ka waha maloʻo, ʻike ʻole i ka maka, nāwaliwali o nā mākala, a me nā pilikia moekolohe i kekahi poʻe. I ka makahiki 1989, ua pili aku ʻo L-tryptophan ma kahi o 1500 mau hōʻike no ka eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) a me 37 mau make. ʻO EMS kahi maʻi neurological e kumu i nā ʻōuli he nui. Hoʻomaikaʻi kēia mau ʻōuli ma mua o ka manawa, akā hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona a hiki i 2 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā EMS. I ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo L-tryptophan mai ka mākeke no kēia mau palekana palekana. ʻO ke kumu kikoʻī o EMS i nā mea maʻi e lawe nei iā L-tryptophan ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia, akā hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau hōʻike no ka haumia. Ma kahi o 95% o nā hihia EMS āpau i huli ʻia iā L-tryptophan i hana ʻia e kahi mea hana hoʻokahi i Iapana. I kēia manawa, ma lalo o ke Kānāwai Hoʻohālikelike Lapaʻau Ola (DSHEA) o 1994, loaʻa a kūʻai aku ʻia ʻo L-tryptophan ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua hoʻopōmaikaʻi ma United States.

ʻAʻole lawa ka ʻike pono e ʻike inā palekana ʻo L-tryptophan ke lawe ʻia e ka wā lōʻihi.

Nā mālama a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūikawā:

Hāpai a me ka hānai umauma: L-tryptophan ʻo ia LIKELY UNSAFE i ka hāpai keiki no ka mea e hōʻino paha ia i ke keiki hānau ʻole. ʻAʻole lawa ka ʻike pono e ʻike inā palekana ʻo L-tryptophan i ka wā e hānai umauma ana. Noho ma ka ʻaoʻao palekana a pale iā L-tryptophan i ka wā hāpai a me ka hānai ʻana i ka umauma.

Mekia

Mai lawe i kēia hui ʻana.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau hōʻoluʻolu (depressants CNS)

Hana ʻo L-tryptophan i ka hiamoe a me ka hiamoe. ʻO nā lāʻau i kumu e hiamoe ai i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mea hōʻohi. Lawe pū ʻo L-tryptophan me nā lāʻau hoʻohiamoe i mea hiamoe nui loa.

ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau hoʻohiehie e komo pū me clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), phenobarbital (Donnatal), zolpidem (Ambien), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Kānāwai

E akahele me kēia hui ʻana.

Nā lāʻau Serotonergic

Hoʻonui ʻo L-tryptophan i kahi kemika i ka lolo i kapa ʻia serotonin. Hoʻonui pū kekahi mau lāʻau i ka serotonin. Lawe iā L-tryptophan me kēia mau lāʻau e hoʻonui ai i ka serotonin. Hiki i kēia ke kumu i nā hopena ʻino e pili ana i ka ʻeha poʻo, nā pilikia puʻuwai, haʻalulu, huikau, a me nā hopohopo.

ʻO kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau e pili pū ana me fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), amitriptyline (Elavil), clomipramine (Anafranil), imipramine (Tofranil), sumatriptan (Imitrex), zolmitriptan (Zomig), rizatran methadone (Dolophine), tramadol (Ultram), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.

Nā mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha me nā mea hoʻohiamoe

Hiki i ka L-tryptophan ke hana i ka hiamoe a me ka hoʻomaha. Ke hoʻohana nei ia me nā mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻopili ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i nā hopena sedative i kumu e nui ai ka hiamoe. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha me 5-HTP, calamus, California poppy, catnip, hops, Jamaican dogwood, kava, St. John's wort, skullcap, valerian, yerba mansa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Nā mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha me nā waiwai serotonergic

ʻO L-tryptophan me he mea lā e hoʻāla i ka pae o ka serotonin, kahi hōmona e lawe i nā hōʻailona ma waena o nā pūnana nerve a hoʻopili i ka naʻau. Aia kekahi hopohopo i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia me nā mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻopili ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka serotonin, e hoʻonui paha i nā hopena a me nā hopena ʻē aʻe o kēlā mau mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻopili. ʻO kekahi o ia mau mea me 5-HTP, Hawaiian pēpē lāʻau, a me S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe).

ʻO St. John's wort

Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo L-tryptophan me ka wort o St. Aia kahi hōʻike o ka maʻi serotonin i kahi mea maʻi nāna i lawe L-tryptophan a me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe o ka wort o St.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā launa me nā meaʻai.

ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi mau huahana hoʻopihapiha papa inoa ke papa inoa iā L-tryptophan ma ka lepili. Ma ka hakahaka, hiki ke helu ʻia ma lalo o ka niacin. Ana ʻia ʻo Niacin i nā mea like niacin (NE). 60 mg o L-tryptophan like ia me 1 mg NE.

ʻO ka mahele kūpono o L-tryptophan kaukaʻi ʻia i nā kumu he nui e like me ka makahiki o ka mea hoʻohana, olakino, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻike ʻepekema e hoʻoholo ai i kahi pae kūpono o nā lāʻau no L-tryptophan. E hoʻomanaʻo i ka pono ʻole o ka palekana i nā huahana kūlohelohe a hiki i nā dosages ke koʻikoʻi. E mālama pono i nā ʻōkuhi pili i nā lepili huahana a nīnau i kāu kauka lāʻau a i ʻole kauka a i ʻole ʻoihana olakino ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana. L-Triptofano, L-Trypt, L-2-amino-3- (indole-3-yl) propionic acid, L-Tryptophane, Tryptophan.

E aʻo hou aʻe ai pehea i kākau ʻia ai kēia ʻatikala, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i ka Nā Laʻau Laʻau Kūlohelohe Kūlohelohe ʻano hana.

1. ʻO Martínez-Rodríguez A, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Ramos-Campo DJ, Reche-García C, Leyva-Vela B, Nadal-Nicolás Y. ʻO nā hopena noʻonoʻo a me nā hiamoe o Tryptophan a me Magnesium-Enriched Mediterranean Diet i nā Wahine me Fibromyalgia. ʻO Int J En environment Res ʻO ke olakino lehulehu. 2020; 17: 2227. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
2. Razeghi Jahromi S, Togha M, Ghorbani Z, et al. ʻO ka hui ma waena o kaʻai tryptophanʻai a me migraine. ʻO Neurol Sci. 2019; 40: 2349-55. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
3. Ullrich SS, Fitzgerald PCE, Giesbertz P, Steinert RE, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C. Nā hopena o ka lawelawe intragastric o ka tryptophan ma ke kahe ʻana o ka glucose koko i ka mea inu momona a me ka lawe ʻana o ka ikehu, i nā kāne wīwī a momona. Nutrients 2018; 10. pii: E463. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
4. Oshima S, Shiiya S, Nakamura Y.Serum uric acid-hoʻohaʻahaʻa hopena o ka hui glycine a me tryptophan lapaʻau i nā kumuhana me ka mehana hyperuricemia: he randomized, papalua makapo, placebo-kaohi, crossover like. Nutrients 2019; 11. pii: E564. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
5. ʻO Cynober L, Bier DM, Kadowaki M, Morris SM Jr, Elango R, Smriga M. Nā noi no nā palena kiʻekiʻe o ka lawe palekana ʻana no ka arginine a me ka tryptophan i nā ʻōpio makua a me kahi palena kiʻekiʻe o ka lawe palekana no ka leucine i ka poʻe ʻelemakule. J Nutr 2016; 146: 2652S-2654S. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
6. Wang D, Li W, Xiao Y, et al. ʻO tryptophan no ka maʻi hiamoe a me nā ʻōuli noʻonoʻo o ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ka lāʻau hou: kahi hoʻokolohua, makapō makapō, hoʻokolokolo-kaohi hoʻokolokolo. Lapaʻau (Baltimore) 2016; 95: e4135. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
7. Sainio EL, Pulkki K, Young SN. L-tryptophan: biochemical, nutritional a me nā ʻano lāʻau. ʻAmino ʻAkika 1996; 10: 21-47. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
8. ʻO Javierre C, Segura R, Ventura JL, Suárez A, Rosés JM. Hiki i ka L-tryptophan supplementation ke hoʻemi i ka ʻike luhi i ka wā o ka hoʻolālā aerobic me nā hoʻokūkū anaerobic intercalated supramaximal i nā kāne olakino. Int J Neurosci. 2010 Mei; 120: 319-27. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
9. Hiratsuka C, Sano M, Fukuwatari T, Shibata K. Nā hopena pili i ka manawa o ka L-tryptophan hoʻomalu ma ka mimiki o L-tryptophan metabolites. ʻO J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2014; 60: 255-60. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
10. ʻO Hiratsuka C, Fukuwatari T, Sano M, Saito K, Sasaki S, Shibata K. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā wahine olakino me ka 5.0 g / d o L-tryptophan ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO J Nutr. 2013 Iune; 143: 859-66. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
11. Rondanelli M, Opizzi A, Faliva M, et al. Nā hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka papaʻai me ka emulsion aila o DHA-phospholipids i loaʻa ka melatonin a me ka tryptophan i nā mea maʻi ʻelemakule e ʻeha nei i ka naʻau noʻonoʻo haʻahaʻa. Nutr.Neurosci 2012; 15: 46-54.
12. Celinski, K., Konturek, SJ, Konturek, PC, Brzozowski, T., Cichoz-Lach, H., Slomka, M., Malgorzata, P., Bielanski, W., a me Reiter, RJ Melatonin a i ʻole L-tryptophan ka hoola ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi gastroduodenal i nā mea maʻi i mālama ʻia me ka omeprazole. ʻO J.Pineal Res. 2011; 50: 389-394. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
13. Korner E, Bertha G, Flooh E, et al. Ka hopena hoʻonāukiuki o L-tryptophane. Eur Neurol 1986; 25 Hōʻuluʻulu 2: 75-81. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
14. ʻO Bryant SM, ʻo Kolodchak J. Serotonin maʻi e hopena ʻia mai kahi cocktail detox. ʻO Am J Emerg Med 2004; 22: 625-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
15. Carr L, Ruther E, Berg PA, Lehnert H. Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome ma Kelemania: kahi loiloi epidemiologic. Mayo Clin Proc 1994; 69: 620-5. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
16. Mayeno AN, Gleich GJ. ʻO ka eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: nā haʻawina mai Kelemania. Mayo Clin Proc 1994; 69: 702-4. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
17. ʻO Shapiro S. Epidemiologic haʻawina o ka hui o L-tryptophan me ka eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: kahi loiloi. ʻO J Rheumatol Pūnaewele 1996; 46: 44-58. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
18. ʻO Horwitz RI, ʻo Daniels SR. ʻO Bias a biology paha: e loiloi ana i nā noiʻi epidemiologic o L-tryptophan a me ka eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. ʻO J Rheumatol Pūnaewele 1996; 46: 60-72. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
19. Kilbourne EM, Philen RM, Kamb ML, Falk H. Tryptophan i hana ʻia e Showa Denko a me ka maʻi ahulau eosinophilia-myalgia. ʻO J Rheumatol Pūnaewele 1996; 46: 81-8. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
20. van Praag HM. Ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha me nā mea mua o ka serotonin. Biol Psychiatry 1981; 16: 291-310 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
21. Walinder J, Skott A, Carlsson A, et al. ʻO ka potentiation o ka hana antidepressant o clomipramine na tryptophan. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976; 33: 1384-89 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
22. Murphy FC, Smith KA, Cowen PJ, et al. Nā hopena o ka hoʻopau tryptophan i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea manawaleʻa olakino. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2002; 163: 42-53 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
23. ʻO Bell C, ʻo Abrams J, ʻo Nutt D. Tryptophan depletion a me nā hopena no ka psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 399-405 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
24. Shaw K, Turner J, Del Mar C. Tryptophan a me 5-hydroxytr Egyptophan no ke kaumaha. ʻO Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;: CD003198. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
25. ʻO Simat TJ, Kleeberg KK, Muller B, Sierts A. Synthesis, hoʻokumu ʻana, a me nā hanana o nā mea haumia i loko o ka hana L-tryptophan biotechnologically. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 467: 469-80 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
26. Klein R, Berg PA. ʻO kahi noiʻi hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i nā mea ʻino i ka nucleoli a me 5-hydroxytr Egyptamine i nā mea maʻi me ka fibromyalgia syndrome a me ka tryptophan-i hoʻokomo ʻia eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Clin Investig 1994; 72: 541-9 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
27. Priori R, Conti F, Luan FL, et al. Ka luhi paʻa: kahi loli kūikawā o ka eosinophilia myalgia syndrome ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me L-tryptophan i nā ʻōpio ʻItalia ʻehā. Eur J Pediatr 1994; 153: 344-6 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
28. Greenberg AS, Takagi H, Hill RH, et al. ʻO ka lohi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka fibrosis o ka ʻili ma hope o ke komo ʻana o eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome-e pili ana iā L-tryptophan. ʻO J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 35: 264-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
29. ʻO Ghose K. l-Tryptophan i ka maʻi o ke keiki hyperactive i pili me ka epilepsy: kahi noiʻi i hoʻomalu ʻia. Neuropsychobiology 1983; 10: 111-4. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
30. Bornstein RA, Baker GB, Carroll A, et al. Plasma amino acids i ka maʻi deficit hoʻolohe. Psychiatry Res 1990; 33: 301-6 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
31. Singhal AB, Caviness VS, Begleiter AF, et al. Cerebral vasoconstriction a me ka hahau ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau serotonergic. ʻO Neurology 2002; 58: 130-3. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
32. ʻO Bohme A, Wolter M, Hoelzer D. L-tryptophan-eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome e pili pū ana me ka leukemia B-lymphocytic mau. Ann Hematol 1998; 77: 235-8.
33. Philen RM, Hill RH, Flanders WD, a me al. ʻO nā mea hoʻowahāwahā tryptophan i pili me ka maʻi eosinophilia-myalgia. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 138: 154-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
34. Sullivan EA, Kamb ML, Jones JL, et al. ʻO ka moʻaukala kūlohelohe o eosinophilia-myalgia maʻi pale ma kahi cohort i hōʻike ʻia i tryptophan ma South Carolina. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 973-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
35. ʻO Hatch DL, Goldman LR. Hoʻoemi i ke koʻikoʻi o ka eosinophilia-myalgia maʻi e pili pū me ka ʻai ʻana o nā mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi vitamini ma mua o ka maʻi. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 2368-73. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
36. ʻO Shapiro S. L-tryptophan a me eosinophilia-myalgia maʻi. Lancet 1994; 344: 817-9. E nānā abstract.
37. Hudson JI, Pope HG, Daniels SR, Horwitz RI. ʻO Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome a i ʻole fibromyalgia me eosinophilia? JAMA 1993; 269: 3108-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
38. U. S. ʻAi a me nā lāʻau hoʻomalu lāʻau, Center no ka palekana o ka meaʻai a me ka meaʻai pono e noi ʻia, Ke keʻena o nā huahana mea pono, ka lepili ʻana, a me nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai. Ka Pepa ʻIke Ma L-Tryptophan a me 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Pepeluali 2001.
39. Ghadirian AM, Murphy BE, Gendron MJ. Ka hopena o ka mālamalama me ka tryptophan therapy i nā maʻi maʻi kau. ʻO J Affect Disord 1998; 50: 23-7. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
40. Steinberg S, Annable L, Young SN, Liyanage N. ʻO kahi noiʻi placebo-kāohi ʻia o nā hopena o L-tryptophan i nā maʻi me ka dysphoria premenstrual. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 467: 85-8. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
41. Nardini M, De Stefano R, Iannuccelli M, et al. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha me L-5-hydroxytr Egyptophan i hui pū ʻia me ka chlorimipramine, kahi noiʻi makapō makapō. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1983; 3: 239-50. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
42. Papa Hoʻolālā Meaʻai a me Nutr, Institute of Medicine. Nā ʻai kuhikuhi papaʻai no Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, a me Choline. Wakinekona, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Loaʻa ma: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309065542/html/.
43. Hartmann E, Spinweber CL. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hiamoe e L-tryptophan. Ka hopena o nā lāʻau i loko o kaʻai maʻamau. ʻO J Nerv Ment Dis 1979; 167: 497-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
44. Seltzer S, Dewart D, Pollack R, Jackson E. Nā hopena o ka dietpttophan dietary ma luna o ka maʻi maxillofacial mau loa a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻeha. ʻO J Psychiatr Res 1982-83; 17: 181-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
45. ʻO Schmidt HS. L-tryptophan i ka mālama ʻana i ka hanu ʻole o ka hanu ʻana i ka hiamoe. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1983; 19: 625-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
46. Lieberman HR, Corkin S, Puna BJ. Nā hopena o ka neurotransmitter dieturs precursors i ke ʻano kanaka. ʻO Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 42: 366-70. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
47. ʻO Devoe LD, Castillo RA, Searle NS. Nā substrates papaʻai makuahine a me nā hana biophysical fetal kanaka. Nā hopena o ka tryptophan a me ka glucose ma nā neʻe hanu fetal. ʻO Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 135-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
48. ʻO Messiha FS. Fluoxetine: nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole a me nā launa lāʻau lāʻau. ʻO J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1993; 31: 603-30. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
49. ʻO Stockstill JW, McCall D Jr., ʻO Gross AJ. ʻO ka hopena o ka L-tryptophan supplementation a me ka papa kuhikuhi papaʻai no ka ʻeha myofascial mau. ʻO J Am Dent Assoc 1989; 118: 457-60. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
50. Etzel KR, Stockstill JW, Rugh JD. Hoʻohui tryptophan no ka bruxism nocturnal: hōʻike o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO J Craniomandib Disord 1991; 5: 115-20. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
51. ʻO Bowen DJ, ʻO Spring B, ʻo Fox E. Tryptophan a me nā papaʻaina koleka kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopili i ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka puhipaka. ʻO J Behav Med 1991; 14: 97-110. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
52. ʻO Delgado PL, Kumukūʻai LH, Miller HL. ʻO Serotonin a me ka neurobiology o ke kaumaha. Nā hopena o ka hoʻopau tryptophan i nā mea maʻi kaumaha ʻole nā ​​lāʻau. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1994; 51: 865-74. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
53. van Hall G, Raaymakers JS, Saris WH. ʻO kaʻai ʻana i nā amino amino lālā a me nā tryptophan i ka manawa o ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana i ke kanaka: ka hopena i ka hana. ʻO J Physiol (Lond) 1995; 486: 789-94. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
54. Sharma RP, Shapiro LE, Kamath SK. ʻO ka make ʻana o ka tryptophan hōʻemi nui: nā hopena ma schizophrenic maikaʻi a me nā hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole. Neuropsychobiol 1997; 35: 5-10. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
55. Smith KA, Fairburn CG, Cowen PJ. Hōʻalo hou ka hōʻailona ma bulimia nervosa ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka tryptophan. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1999; 56: 171-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
56. ʻO Foster S, ʻo Tyler VE. Herba ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Tyler: He alakaʻi kūpono i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā hoʻoponopono e pili ana. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.

Nānā hope - 09/09/2020