Hoka puʻuwai i nā keiki

ʻO ke kū ʻole o ka puʻuwai kahi kūlana i hopena ke hiki ʻole i ka puʻuwai ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono i ke koko momona o ka oxygen e hālāwai me nā pono oxygen o nā kino a me nā kino o ke kino.

Hiki i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai ke hana ke:

• Nawaliwali ka puʻuwai puʻuwai o kāu keiki a ʻaʻole hiki ke pauma (kipaku ʻia) i ke koko mai ka puʻuwai maikaʻi loa.
• ʻOʻoleʻa ka puʻuwai puʻuwai o kāu keiki a ʻaʻole piha ka puʻuwai me ke maʻalahi.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka puʻuwai i nā ʻōnaehana pumping kūʻokoʻa ʻelua. Aia kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, a ʻo kekahi ma ka hema. He ʻelua keʻena, he atrium a me kahi ventricle. ʻO nā ventricle nā ​​pauma nui i ka puʻuwai.

Loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana kūpono ke koko mai nā veins o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia ke koko "polū", maikaʻi ʻole i ka oxygen a waiwai i ke kalapona kalapona.

Loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana hema ke koko mai nā akemāmā. ʻO kēia ke koko "ʻulaʻula" i waiwai i ka oxygen. Haʻalele ke koko i ka puʻuwai ma o ka aorta, ke aʻa nui e hānai i ke koko i ke kino holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO nā valves nā pāpale muscular e hāmama a paʻa a no laila e kahe ana ke koko i ke ala kūpono. ʻEhā mau kiwikā i ka puʻuwai.

ʻO kahi ala maʻamau ʻole o ka puʻuwai i nā keiki ke hui pū ke koko mai ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka puʻuwai me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka puʻuwai. Kuhi kēia i kahi kahe o ke koko i loko o nā akemāmā a i ʻole hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha keʻena o ka puʻuwai. Kū pinepine kēia ma muli o nā hānau hānau o ka puʻuwai a i ʻole nā ​​kīʻaha koko nui. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• He puka ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a hema paha o luna a i lalo paha o ka puʻuwai
• ʻO kahi kīnā o nā aʻa nui
• Nā kiwikā naʻau kīnā e leaky a iiki paha
• He kīnā i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā keʻena puʻuwai

ʻO ka ulu kūpono ʻole a hōʻino paha i ka mākala puʻuwai ke kumu maʻamau o ka holo pono ʻole o ka puʻuwai. Pili paha kēia i:

• ʻO ka maʻi mai ka maʻi maʻi a i ʻole ka bacteria e hōʻino i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a i ʻole nā ​​kīʻaha puʻuwai
• ʻO nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, ka nui pinepine o nā lāʻau ʻaʻai
• Nā ritme naʻau maʻamau
• Nā maʻi puʻupuʻu, e like me ka dystrophy muscular
• Nā maʻi genetic e alakaʻi i ka ulu maʻamau o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai

Ke emi a maikaʻi ʻole ka pauma ʻana o ka puʻuwai, e hoʻi paha ke koko i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

• Kūkulu paha ka wai i nā akemāmā, ate, ʻōpū, a me nā lima a me nā wāwae. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻo ka puʻuwai puʻuwai congestive.
• Aia paha nā ʻōuli o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai ma ka wā hānau, hoʻomaka i loko o nā pule mua o ke ola, a ulu lohi paha i kahi keiki makua.

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka hana ʻole ʻana o ka puʻuwai i nā pēpē e hoʻopili pū paha:

• Nā pilikia hanu, e like me ka hanu wikiwiki ʻana a i ʻole ka hanu ʻana e ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka hana. ʻIke ʻia paha kēia mau mea i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai ke keiki a i ka wā e hānai a uē ana paha.
• Lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka maʻamau e hānai a luhi paha e hoʻomau i ka hānai ʻana ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole.
• Hoʻomaopopo i ka puʻuwai wikiwiki a ikaika paha i ka pā o ka umauma ke hoʻomaha iki ke keiki.
• ʻAʻole lawa ke kaupaona.

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o nā keiki makua nā:

• Cough
• Ka luhi, nāwaliwali, maʻule
• Loaʻa ka ʻai ʻole
• Pono e mimi i ka pō
• Pulse e manaʻo wikiwiki a hewa ʻole paha, a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka naʻau o ka puʻuwai (palpitations)
• Ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu ke hana ke keiki a i ʻole ke moe ʻana i lalo
• Pehu (hoʻonui) ke ake a i ʻole ka ʻōpū
• Nā wāwae wāwae a me nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae
• E ala ana mai ka hiamoe ma hope o kekahi mau hola ma muli o ka pōkole o ka hanu
• Kaumaha hoʻonui

E nānā ka mea mālama ola i kāu keiki no nā hōʻailona o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai:

• Hanu wikiwiki a paʻakikī paha
• Pahu ka wāwae (edema)
• Nā ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī e pili ana (distanc)
• Kani (crackles) mai ka hoʻoulu wai i loko o nā ake māmā o kāu keiki, i lohe ʻia ma o kahi stethoscope
• ʻO ka pehu ʻana o ke ake a i ʻole ka ʻōpū
• Pālehu ʻole a wikiwiki paha ke kani ʻana o ka naʻau a me nā kani naʻau ʻole

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua he nui e hōʻoia a nānā i ka holo pono ʻole o ka puʻuwai.

ʻO ka x-ray umauma a me kahi echocardiogram ka manawa pinepine nā hōʻoia mua maikaʻi loa ke loiloi ʻia ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka puʻuwai. E hoʻohana kāu mea hāʻawi iā lākou e alakaʻi i ka mālama ʻana o kāu keiki.

Hoʻopili ka catheterization Cardiac i ka hele ʻana i kahi paipu wīwī lahilahi (catheter) i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a hema paha o ka puʻuwai. Hana ʻia paha e ana i ke kaomi, kahe o ke koko, a me nā pae o ka oxygen ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka puʻuwai.

Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi ʻē aʻe ke nānā i ka maikaʻi o ka puʻuwai o kāu keiki e hiki ai ke pauma i ke koko, a me ka nui o ka puʻuwai o ka puʻuwai i hōʻino ʻia.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua koko he nui i:

• Kōkua e hōʻoia a nānā i ka holo pono ʻole o ka naʻau
• E nānā i nā kumu kūpono o ka puʻuwai ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia e hōʻeha paha i ka puʻuwai
• Nānā i nā hopena o nā lāʻau a kāu keiki e lawe nei

Hoʻohui pinepine ka mālama ʻana i kahi hui o ka nānā ʻana, ka mālama ʻana iā ʻoe iho, a me nā lāʻau a me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

MALAMA ANA A ME KA MALAKI ANA iā ʻoe iho

E kipa hou kāu keiki ma ka liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia 3 a 6 mau mahina, akā i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka pinepine. E loaʻa nā hōʻike i kāu keiki e nānā i ka hana o ka naʻau.

Pono nā mākua a me nā mea mālama āpau e aʻo pehea e nānā ai i ke keiki ma ka home. Pono ʻoe e aʻo i nā ʻōuli e ʻinoʻino ana ka naʻau. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo mua ʻana i nā ʻōuli e kōkua i kāu keiki e noho ma waho o ka haukapila.

• Ma ka home, e nānā i nā loli i ka helu o ka puʻuwai, ka lāʻau, ka pehu, a me ke kaupaona.
• E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka o kāu keiki e pili ana i ka mea āu e hana ai ke piʻi aʻe ke kaumaha a i ʻole hoʻomohala kāu keiki i nā hōʻailona hou aʻe.
• Palena i ka nui o ka paʻakai a kāu keiki e ʻai ai. E noi paha kāu kauka iā ʻoe e kaohi i ka nui o ka inu o kāu keiki i ka lā.
• Pono kāu keiki e lawa i nā calorie e ulu a ulu. Koi aku kekahi mau keiki i ka ʻai ʻana i nā paipu.
• Hiki i ka mea hāʻawi i kāu keiki ke hāʻawi i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻoikaika a me ka hoʻolālā palekana.

NA LAAU LAPAAU, NA OIHANA, A ME NA LAKO

Pono kāu keiki e lawe i nā lāʻau e mālama pono ai ka naʻau ʻole. Mālama nā lāʻau i nā ʻōuli a pale i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka puʻuwai mai ka ʻino ʻana. He mea nui i kāu keiki e lawe i nā lāʻau e like me ke kuhikuhi a ka hui mālama ola.

ʻO kēia mau lāʻau:

• Kōkua maikaʻi i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai puʻuwai
• Mālama i ke koko mai ka hoʻopili ʻana
• E wehe i nā kīʻaha koko a hoʻolohi i ka helu o ka puʻuwai no laila ʻaʻole hana ka puʻuwai me ka paʻakikī
• E hōʻemi i ka hōʻino o ka puʻuwai
• E hoʻemi i ka makaʻikaʻi no nā mele puʻuwai maʻamau
• E hoʻopau i ke kino o ka nui o ka wai a me ka paʻakai (sodium)
• Hoʻololi i ka potassium
• Pale i ke kala koko ʻana mai ka hana ʻana

Lawe kāu keiki i nā lāʻau e like me ke kuhikuhi. Mai lawe i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu me ka nīnau mua ʻole i ka mea hāʻawi e pili ana iā lākou. ʻO nā lāʻau maʻamau e hōʻino paha i ka puʻuwai me ka:

• Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

ʻO nā ʻoki aʻe a me nā hāmeʻa e koi ʻia no kekahi mau keiki me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.

• Hoʻoponopono e hoʻoponopono i nā kīnā o ka naʻau.
• ʻOki kino puʻuwai.
• Hiki i kahi pacemaker ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā helu puʻuwai lohi a i ʻole kōkua i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai o kāu keiki i ka manawa like. ʻO kahi pacemaker kahi mea liʻiliʻi, hoʻohana ʻia me ka uila i hoʻokomo ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili ma ka umauma.
• Kūpono paha nā keiki me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai no nā mele puʻuwai weliweli. Loaʻa pinepine lākou i kahi defibrillator i hoʻokomo ʻia.
• Pono paha ke kuʻi puʻuwai no ka hōʻeha nui o ka naʻau hopena.

Pili nā hopena wā lōʻihi i nā kumu he nui. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• He aha nā ʻano kīnā o ka puʻuwai e kū nei a inā hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia
• ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o nā hōʻino mau o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai
• Nā pilikia e pili ana i ke olakino a i ʻole nā ​​genetic

ʻO ka pinepine, hiki ke kaohi ʻia ka puʻuwai puʻuwai e ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nohona, a me ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kumu.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ulu kāu keiki:

• Hoʻonui i ka ʻū a me ka phlegm
• Loaʻa kaumaha a pehu paha
• ʻO ka hānai hānai maikaʻi ʻole a loaʻa ʻole paha ke kaupaona kaumaha i ka manawa
• Nawaliwali
• Nā hōʻailona hou a wehewehe ʻole ʻia paha

E hele i ka lumi pilikia a kāhea paha i ka helu pilikia kūloko (e like me 911) inā kāu keiki:

• Malu
• Loaʻa iā ia kahi puʻuwai puʻuwai a wikiwiki ʻole (ʻoi loa me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe)
• ʻIke i ka ʻehaʻeha o ka umauma ʻeha

Hoka puʻuwai Congestive - keiki; Cor pulmonale - keiki; Cardiomyopathy - keiki; CHF - keiki; Hapa puʻuwai Congenital - puʻuwai puʻuwai i nā keiki; ʻO ka maʻi puʻuwai Cyanotic - maikaʻi ʻole ka puʻuwai i nā keiki; Hānau kīnā o ka puʻuwai - puʻuwai puʻuwai i nā keiki

Aydin SI, Siddiqi N, Janson CM, et al. ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka naʻau a me nā cardiomyopathies pediatric. I: Ungerleider RM, Meliones JN, McMillian KN, Cooper DS, Jacobs JP, hua. ʻO ka maʻi puʻuwai koʻikoʻi i nā pēpē a me nā keiki. ʻEkolu huaʻōlelo. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 72.

Bernstein D. Hewa ʻole. I: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 20 ouk. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 442.

Starc TJ, Hayes CJ, Hordof AJ. Cardiology. I: Polin RA, Ditmar MF, eds. Nā Hunahuna Pediatric. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 3.