HIV / AIDS i nā wahine hāpai a me nā pēpē

ʻO ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe kanaka (HIV) ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe e loaʻa ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Ke hele a maʻi ke kanaka me ka maʻi HIV, hoʻouka ka maʻi ʻino a hoʻonāwaliwali hoʻi i ka ʻōnaehana pale. Ke hoʻonāwaliwali nei ka ʻōnaehana pale, makaʻu paha ke kanaka i ka loaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi hoʻoweliweli a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai. Ke hiki mai kēlā, kapa ʻia ka maʻi ʻo AIDS.

Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi HIV i ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ke keiki hānau i ka wā hāpai, i ka wā o ka hana a hānau ʻana, a i ʻole ma ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū.

ʻO kēia ʻatikala e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV / AIDS i nā wahine hāpai a me nā pēpē.

Loaʻa ka hapanui o nā keiki me ka maʻi HIV i ka wā e hele ai ia mai kahi makuahine HIV-maikaʻi i ke keiki. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka wā hāpai, hānau keiki, a i ka wā e hānai ʻana i ka waiū.

ʻO ke koko wale nō, ka semen, nā wai liʻiliʻi, a me ka waiū umauma i hōʻike ʻia e lawe i ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole hoʻolaha ʻia ka virus i nā pēpē e:

• Hoʻokaʻaʻike maʻamau, e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻopā ʻana
• Hoʻopā i nā mea i hoʻopā ʻia e kekahi kanaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi, e like me nā kāwele a me nā ʻeke holoi
• ʻO ka luha, ka hou, a i ʻole nā ​​waimaka i huikau ʻole ʻia me ke koko o ka mea maʻi

ʻO ka hapanui o nā pēpē i hānau ʻia i nā wahine HIV-maikaʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻaʻole i lilo i mea maikaʻi no ka maʻi HIV inā mālama maikaʻi ka makuahine a me nā pēpē.

ʻO nā pēpē i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV he pinepine ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona no ka 2 mua a 3 mau mahina. Ke hoʻomohala nā ʻōuli, hiki ke loli. Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli mua:

• Nā maʻi hū (candida) i ka waha
• ʻAʻole e loaʻa ke kaupaona a ulu
• Liʻiliʻi kelepaʻi
• Nūpepa mūhu pehu
• Hoʻonui ākea a i ʻole akepaʻa
• Nā maʻi ma ka pepeiao a me ka sinus
• ʻO nā maʻi maʻi hanu luna
• Lohi e hele wāwae, kolo, a ʻōlelo i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā pēpē olakino
• Pohā

Pale pinepine ka mālama mua ʻana i ka maʻi HIV mai ka holomua.

Me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana, nāwaliwali ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke keiki i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, a ulu aʻe nā maʻi maʻamau ʻole i nā keiki olakino. He mau maʻi ʻino kēia i loko o ke kino. Hiki iā lākou ke kumu ʻia e nā bacteria, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, fungi, a i ʻole ka protozoa. I kēia manawa, ua lilo ka maʻi i maʻi piha loa iā AIDS.

Eia nā hoʻokolohua a ka makuahine hāpai a me kāna pēpē paha e hōʻoia ai i ka maʻi HIV.

Nā hoʻāʻo e hōʻike iā HIV i nā Wahine hāpai keiki

Pono nā wahine hāpai āpau e hōʻike i kahi hōʻike loiloi no ka HIV me nā hōʻike prenatal ʻē aʻe. Pono e hōʻike ʻia nā wahine i ka makaʻu kiʻekiʻe i ka manawa ʻelua i ka trimester ʻekolu.

Hiki i nā makuahine i hoʻāʻo ʻole ʻia ke loaʻa i kahi hōʻike wikiwiki HIV i ka wā o ka hana.

ʻO ka wahine i ʻike ʻia he maikaʻi HIV i ka wā hāpai e loaʻa i nā hoʻokolohua koko maʻamau, e like me:

• Heluhelu ʻia ʻo CD4
• Hōʻoia hoʻoili Viral, e nānā i ka nui o ka maʻi HIV i loko o ke koko
• ʻO kahi hoʻāʻo e ʻike inā e pane ka virus i nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi HIV (kapa ʻia he hōʻike kūʻē)

Nā hoʻāʻo e ʻike i ka maʻi HIV i nā pēpē a me nā mea makemake ʻole

ʻO nā pēpē i hānau ʻia i nā wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV e hoʻāʻo ʻia no ka maʻi HIV. Nānā kēia hōʻike no ka nui o ka maʻi HIV i loko o ke kino. I nā pēpē i hānau ʻia i nā makuahine maikaʻi HIV, ua hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.

• 14 a 21 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana
• Ma 1 a 2 mau mahina
• Ma 4 a 6 mau mahina

Inā maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena o nā hoʻokolohua 2, ʻaʻohe maʻi maʻi HIV o ka pēpē. Inā maikaʻi nā hopena o nā hōʻike, loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi i ka pēpē.

ʻO nā pēpē e kūpilikiʻi loa ana i ka maʻi HIV hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka wā hānau.

Mālama ʻia ʻo HIV / AIDS me ka antiretroviral therapy (ART). Hoʻopau kēia mau lāʻau i ka maʻi mai ka hoʻonui ʻana.

LAAU Wahine Hapai

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā wahine hāpai me ka HIV e pale i nā keiki mai ka maʻi maʻi ʻana.

• Inā hōʻoia ka wahine i ka maikaʻi i ka wā hāpai, e loaʻa iā ia ka ART ʻoiai hāpai. ʻO ka manawa pinepine e loaʻa iā ia kahi regimen lāʻau ʻekolu.
• ʻO ka makaʻu o kēia mau lāʻau ART no ka pēpē i ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa paha i ka makuahine kekahi ultrasound hou i ka trimester ʻelua.
• ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi maʻi i loko o ka wahine ke hele ʻo ia i ka hana, ʻoiaʻiʻo inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa mua iā ia ka mālama prenatal. Inā pēlā, e mālama koke ʻia ʻo ia me nā lāʻau antiretroviral. I kekahi manawa e hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau lāʻau i loko o ke aa (IV).
• Inā ʻo ka hoʻokolohua maikaʻi mua ma ka wā hana, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana iā ART koke i ka wā o ka hana hiki ke hōʻemi i ka helu o ka maʻi i nā keiki ma kahi o 10%.

LAAU I NA PULE ME NA POE HANA

Hoʻomaka ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pēpē i nā makuahine maʻi i loaʻa ART ma waena o 6 a 12 mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. E hoʻomau ʻia hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā lāʻau antiretroviral no 6 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

PANAKU ANA

ʻAʻole pono nā wahine hānai iā pēpē. Kūpono kēia i nā wahine e lawe nei i nā lāʻau HIV. Hana paha pēlā i ka HIV i ka pēpē ma o ka waiū umauma.

Hiki ke kōkua pinepine ʻia nā pilikia o ke kahu o kahi keiki me ka maʻi HIV / AIDS e ke komo ʻana i kahi hui kākoʻo. I kēia mau pūʻulu, kaʻana like nā lālā i nā ʻike a me nā pilikia maʻamau.

ʻO ka pilikia o ka lawe ʻana o ka makuahine i ka maʻi HIV i ka wā hāpai a i ʻole ma ka hana he haʻahaʻa no nā makuahine i ʻike ʻia a mālama ʻia i ka wanaʻao. Ke mālama ʻia, ʻo ka manawa o kāna pēpē e maʻi ai ma lalo o 1%. Ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, aia ma lalo o 200 mau pēpē i hānau ʻia me HIV i United States i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Inā loaʻa ʻole ke kūlana HIV o ka wahine a hiki i ka manawa o ka hana, hiki i ka lapaʻau kūpono ke hōʻemi i ka helu o ka maʻi i nā pēpē ma kahi o 10%.

Pono nā keiki me ka maʻi HIV / AIDS e lawe iā ART no ke koena o ko lākou ola. ʻAʻole mālama ka lāʻau i ka maʻi. Hana wale nā ​​lāʻau i ka wā e lawe ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Me ka lapaʻau kūpono, hiki i nā keiki me ka maʻi HIV / AIDS ke ola i kahi ola maʻamau.

Kāhea i kāu mea mālama ola inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole makaʻu paha no ka maʻi HIV, A hāpai ʻoe a i ʻole ke noʻonoʻo nei e hāpai.

ʻO nā wahine HIV-maikaʻi e hāpai ana e kamaʻilio i kā lākou mea hāʻawi e pili ana i ka makaʻu i kā lākou keiki hānau. E kūkākūkā pū lākou i nā ʻano hana e pale aku ai i kā lākou pēpē mai maʻi maʻi, e like me ka lawe ʻana i ka ARV i ka wā hāpai. ʻO ka wahine ma mua e hoʻomaka i nā lāʻau, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa ka manawa o ka maʻi i ke keiki.

ʻAʻole pono nā wahine me HIV e hānai i kā lākou pēpē. E kōkua ana kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka hele ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i ke pēpē ma o ka waiū umauma.

Maʻi HIV - keiki; ʻO ka maʻi hōʻino kanaka - keiki; Loaʻa maʻi pale maʻi pale - keiki; Hāpai keiki - HIV; HIV makuahine; Perinatal - HIV

• Maʻi HIV maʻi
• HIV

Pūnaewele Clinicalinfo.HIV.gov. Nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻākena antiretroviral i ka maʻi HIV pediatric. clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/pediatric-arv/whats-new-guidelines. Hoʻohou i Pepeluali 12, 2021. Loaʻa iā Malaki 9, 2021.

Pūnaewele Clinicalinfo.HIV.gov. Nā ʻōlelo paipai no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antiretroviral i nā wahine hāpai me ka maʻi HIV a me nā hana e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi perinatal HIV i United States. clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/whats-new-guidelines. Hoʻohou i Pepeluali 10, 2021. Loaʻa iā Malaki 9, 2021.

ʻO Hayes EV. ʻO ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe kanaka a loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi i loaʻa. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 302.

Weinberg GA, Siberry GK. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi pediatric kanaka. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 127.