Hepatitis B - nā keiki

ʻO ka Hepatitis B i loko o nā keiki ke pehu a hoʻāhu i ke akepaʻa ma muli o ka maʻi me ka maʻi hepatitis B (HBV).

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi hepatitis maʻi ʻē aʻe e pili pū ana me ka hepitis A a me ka hepitis C.

Loaʻa ʻo HBV i loko o ke koko a i ʻole ke kino o ke kino (semen, waimaka, a kuha paha) o kahi mea maʻi. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka virus i ka pahu (feces).

Hiki i ke keiki ke loaʻa i ka HBV ma o ka pili ʻana i ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​wai o ke kino o ke kanaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia mai ka:

• He makuahine me HBV i ka manawa hānau. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ua hoʻohuli ʻia ʻo HBV i ka ʻōpū ʻoiai i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine.
• ʻAkahi mai kahi mea maʻi i haki i ka ʻili.
• ʻO ke koko, saliva, a i ʻole nā ​​wai ʻē aʻe o ke kino mai kahi mea maʻi i hiki ke hoʻopā i kahi haki a wehe paha i ka ʻili, nā maka, a me nā waha o kahi keiki.
• Kaʻana like ʻana i nā mea pilikino, e like me ka palaki niho, me kekahi mea loaʻa i ka maʻi virus.
• Hoʻopili paʻa ʻia me ke kui kele ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻia e kekahi kanaka maʻi ʻo HBV.

ʻAʻole hiki i ke keiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi hepitis B mai ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka honi ʻana, ka ʻū ʻana, a me ka snee ʻana paha. Palekana ʻo Breastfeeding e kahi makuahine me ka maʻi hepitis B inā mālama maikaʻi ʻia ke keiki i ka manawa hānau.

Hiki i nā ʻōpio ʻōlohelohe ʻole ke loaʻa ka HBV i ka wā pale ʻole a hoʻohana lāʻau paha.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā keiki me ka hepatitis B ʻaʻohe a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻōuli. ʻO nā keiki ma mua o 5 mau makahiki ʻaʻole loaʻa iki nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi hepatitis B. Hiki paha i nā keiki kahiko ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻōuli 3 a 4 mau mahina ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka maʻi ma ke kino. ʻO nā ʻōuli nui o kahi maʻi hou a hou paha:

• Nānā ʻai
• Ka luhi
• Kaha wela
• ʻEha ʻeha a me ka ʻeha pū
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• ʻIli melemele a me nā maka (jaundice)
• Mimi ʻeleʻele

Inā hiki i ke kino ke hakakā me HBV, pau nā ʻōuli i kekahi mau pule i 6 mau mahina. Kapa ʻia kēia he hepatitis koʻikoʻi B. ʻAʻole ka maʻi hepatitis B kumu i nā pilikia mau loa.

E hana ke kahu mālama ola o kāu keiki i nā hoʻokolohua koko i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hepeta viral hepatitis. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke kōkua i ke diagnose:

• ʻO kahi maʻi hou (hepatitis B koʻikoʻi)
• ʻO kahi maʻi maʻi mau a lōʻihi paha (hepatitis B mau loa)
• ʻO kahi maʻi i kū i ka wā i hala, akā ʻaʻole i kēia manawa

Kuhi ʻia nā mea e hōʻike aʻe nei i ka hōʻino o ke ake a me ka makaʻu no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ate mai ka maʻi hepatitis B mau.

• Pae Albumin
• Nā hoʻāʻo hana ate
• Prothrombin manawa
• ʻO ka biopsy ate
• ʻO ke ultrasound ʻōpū
• ʻO nā māka tumo maʻi ʻaʻai e like me alpha fetoprotein

E nānā pū ka mea hāʻawi i ka viral viral o HBV i loko o ke koko. Hōʻike kēia hōʻike i ka maikaʻi o ka hana a kāu keiki.

ʻAʻole pono ka hepatitis B koʻikoʻi i kahi lapaʻau kūikawā. E pale aku ka pale pale o kāu keiki i ka maʻi. Inā ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ka maʻi HBV ma hope o 6 mau mahina, a laila ua ola pono kāu keiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai aia ka virus, hiki i kāu keiki ke hoʻoili i ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Pono ʻoe e hana i nā hana e pale ai i ka maʻi ʻana mai ka laha ʻana.

Pono ka maʻi hepatitis B i ka lāʻau. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻōuli, pale i ka maʻi mai ka palahalaha ʻana, a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ate. E hōʻoia i kāu keiki:

• Hoʻomaha nui
• Inu i nā wai he nui
• ʻAi i nā meaʻai olakino

E paipai paha ka mea hāʻawi i kāu keiki i nā lāʻau antiviral. E hoʻemi a lawe aku nā lāʻau i ka HBV mai ke koko.

• Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Interferon alpha-2b (Intron A) i nā keiki i ka makahiki 1 a ʻoi paha.
• Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Lamivudine (Epivir) a me entecavir (Baraclude) i nā keiki 2 makahiki a ʻoi paha.
• Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Tenofovir (Viread) i nā keiki he 12 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha.

ʻAʻole maopopo i nā lāʻau āpau e hāʻawi ʻia. Hiki i nā keiki me ka maʻi hepatitis B mau ke loaʻa i kēia mau lāʻau i ka wā:

• ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ate
• Hōʻike ke akepaʻa i nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino wā lōʻihi
• He kiʻekiʻe ka pae HBV i ke koko

Hiki i nā keiki he nui ke hemo i ko lākou kino i ka HBV a ʻaʻohe o lākou maʻi lōʻihi.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pau kekahi mau keiki i ka HBV. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻo ka maʻi hepatitis B mau loa.

• ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā keiki ʻōpio i ka maʻi hepatitis B. mau.
• ʻAʻole manaʻo kēia mau keiki i ka maʻi, a alakaʻi i kahi ola olakino. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻomohala paha lākou i nā ʻōuli o ka wā lōʻihi (mau) ka hōʻino ʻana o ke ake.

ʻAneʻane nā keiki hānau hou a ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā keiki i loaʻa i ka maʻi hepitis B e hoʻomōhala i ke kūlana lōʻihi (mau). ʻO kahi hōʻoia koko maikaʻi ma hope o 6 mau mahina e hōʻoia i ka hepatitis B. mau loa ʻAʻole e hoʻopili ka maʻi i ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o kāu keiki. He mea nui ka nānā pinepine ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi i nā keiki.

E kōkua pū ʻoe i kāu keiki e aʻo pehea e hōʻalo ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maʻi i kēia manawa a i ka wā makua.

ʻO nā pilikia kūpono o ka hepatitis B nā:

• Poino ke ake
• Kaʻu cirrhosis
• Kanesa maʻi ʻaʻai

Kū pinepine kēia mau pilikia i ka wā makua.

Kāhea i ka hāʻawi o kāu keiki inā:

• He ʻōuli ko kāu keiki he hepatitis B
• ʻAʻole hele aku nā hōʻailona Hepatitis B
• Hoʻolālā nā ʻōuli hou
• No ke keiki i kahi hui nui no ka maʻi hepitis B a ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi HBV

Inā loaʻa i ka wahine hāpai he hepatitis B huehue a maʻi paha, lawe ʻia kēia mau hana e pale ai i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi i kahi pēpē i ka wā hānau.

• Pono e loaʻa i nā pēpē hānau hou kā lākou lāʻau koʻokoʻo hepatitis B mua a me hoʻokahi mahele o nā immunoglobulins (IG) i loko o 12 mau hola.
• Pono e pau ka pēpē i nā lāʻau āpau āpau ma ka hepatitis B e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o nā malama ʻeono
• Loaʻa paha i kekahi mau wahine hāpai i nā lāʻau e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pae o ka HBV i ko lākou koko.

I pale aku maʻi hepatitis B:

• Pono nā keiki e loaʻa i ka lāʻau mua o ka maʻi koʻohina hepatitis B i ka wā hānau. Loaʻa iā lākou i nā pana 3 āpau i ke kaʻina e nā makahiki 6.
• ʻO nā keiki i loaʻa ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono lākou e loaʻa nā ʻāpana "catch-up".
• Pono nā keiki e hōʻole i ka pili ʻana i ke koko a me nā wai o ke kino.
• ʻAʻole pono nā keiki e kaʻana like i nā palaki niho a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe i hiki ke maʻi ʻia.
• Pono e nānā ʻia nā wahine āpau no ka HBV i ka wā hāpai.
• Hiki i nā makuahine me ka maʻi HBV ke hānai i kā lākou keiki ma hope o ka pale ʻana.

Maʻi lele - nā keiki HBV; Nā Antivirals - nā keiki hepitis B; Nā keiki HBV; Hāpai keiki - he keiki hepatitis B; Ka lawe ʻana o nā makuahine - he keiki hepatitis B

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Nā ʻōlelo ʻike Vaccine (VISs): hepatitis B VIS. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-b.html. Hoʻohou i ʻAukake 15, 2019. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 27, 2020.

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Nā ʻōlelo ʻike Vaccine: nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua a kāu pēpē. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.html. Hoʻohou ʻia ʻApelila 5, 2019. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 27, 2020.

ʻO Jensen MK, Balistreri WF. Hepatema Viral. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 385.

Pham YH, Leung DH. ʻO nā maʻi hepitis B a me D. I: Cherry J, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, hua. ʻO Feigin lāua ʻo Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 157.

Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Romero JR, Szilagyi P. Kōmike Aʻoaʻo e pili ana i nā hana Immunization ua paipai ʻia i ka papa hana pale no nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio he 18 a ʻoi paha mau makahiki - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019; Peb 8; 68 (5): 112-114. PMID: 30730870 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30730870/.

Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ. Hoʻohou i ka pale ʻana, ka hōʻoia ʻana, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hepatitis B mau loa: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B alakaʻi. Hepatology. 2018; 67 (4): 1560-1599. PMID: 29405329 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29405329/.