Hepatitis A - nā keiki

ʻO ka Hepatitis A i loko o nā keiki e pehu a wela ka nāhele o ke akepaʻa ma muli o ka maʻi hepatitis A (HAV). ʻO ka Hepatitis A ke ʻano he hepa maʻamau o nā keiki.

Loaʻa ʻo HAV i ka pahu (feces) a me ke koko o kahi keiki maʻi.

Hiki i ke keiki ke hopu i ka maʻi hepatitis A na:

• Ke launa nei me ke koko a i ʻole ka hakahaka o ke kanaka i loaʻa ka maʻi.
• ʻO ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ka inu ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia e ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​pahu i loaʻa ka HAV. ʻO nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā ʻio, ka hau, a me ka wai nā kumu maʻamau o ka maʻi.
• ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e kekahi me ka maʻi ʻaʻole holoi i ko lākou mau lima ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lua.
• Hāpai ʻia a lawe ʻia paha e kekahi me ka maʻi ʻaʻole holoi i ko lākou mau lima ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lua.
• Ke hele nei i kahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau ʻana no ka maʻi hepatitis A.

Hiki i nā keiki ke loaʻa i ka hepatitis A ma ke kikowaena mālama lā mai nā keiki ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​limahana mālama keiki i loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi.

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi hepatitis maʻamau ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi hepatitis B a me ka maʻi hepatitis C. ʻO Hepatitis A ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui a koʻikoʻi loa o kēia mau maʻi.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā keiki mai nā makahiki 6 a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i kekahi mau ʻōuli. ʻO kēia ka hiki i kāu keiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi, a ʻike ʻole paha ʻoe iā ia. Hiki i kēia ke maʻalahi e hoʻolaha i ka maʻi i waena o nā keiki ʻōpio.

Ke kū nā hōʻailona, ​​ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 2 a 6 mau pule ma hope o ka maʻi. Hiki paha i ke keiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona like flu, a akahai paha nā ʻōuli. ʻO ka hepatitis koʻikoʻi a fulminant paha (ʻaʻa ʻole ke ake) i nā keiki olakino. Maʻalahi pinepine nā ʻōuli e mālama a hoʻokomo i:

• Mimi ʻeleʻele
• Ka luhi
• Loaʻa ka ʻai ʻole
• Fiva
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• Nā pā palaka
• Paʻi ʻōpū (ma luna o ke ake)
• ʻIli melemele a me nā maka (jaundice)

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hōʻike kino o kāu keiki. Hana ʻia kēia e nānā no ka ʻeha a me ka pehu ʻana i ke ake.

E hana ka mea hāʻawi i kahi hoʻokolohua koko e nānā no:

• ʻO nā mea ʻāpala i hāpai ʻia (nā protein e hakakā i ka maʻi) ma muli o ka HAV
• ʻO nā enzymes ate kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka hōʻino o ke ake a i ʻole ka mumū

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi hepitis A. E hakakā ke kaola pale pale o kāu keiki i ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōuli ke kōkua i kāu keiki e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka wā e ola hou ana:

• E hoʻomaha i kāu keiki ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻōuli.
• Mai hāʻawi i ka acetaminophen i kāu keiki me ke kamaʻilio mua ʻole ʻana me ka mea hāʻawi i kāu keiki. Hiki ke onaona no ka mea ua nāwaliwali ke ake.
• E hāʻawi i kāu wai i nā wai i ke ʻano o nā wai momona a i ʻole nā ​​hopena electrolyte, e like me Pedialyte. Kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka make wai.

ʻOiai he laha ʻole, lawa paha nā ʻōuli e pono ai nā keiki me ka HAV i nā wai hou aʻe ma o ke aa (IV).

ʻAʻole noho ka HAV i ke kino o ke keiki ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka maʻi. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokumu i kahi maʻi lōʻihi i ke ake.

Kākaʻikahi, hiki i kahi hihia hou ke kumu i ka hōʻeha o ke ake nui e ulu wikiwiki.

ʻO nā pilikia kūpono o ka hepatitis A i nā keiki hiki ke:

• Poino ke ake
• Kaʻu cirrhosis

Kāhea aku i kāu keiki inā loaʻa nā ʻōuli o kāu maʻi hepitis A.

Kāhea aku hoʻi i ka mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa i kāu keiki:

• ʻO ka waha maloʻo ma muli o ka lilo o nā wai
• ʻAʻohe waimaka ʻoiai e uē ana
• ʻO ka pupuhi ma nā lima, nā lima, nā wāwae, ka ʻōpū, a i ʻole ke alo
• Koko i nā noho
  

Hiki iā ʻoe ke pale aku i kāu keiki mai ka maʻi hepitis A ma o ka lāʻau ʻana o kāu keiki.

• Paipai ʻia ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi hepatitis A no nā keiki āpau ma waena o ko lākou lā hānau mua a me ka lua (makahiki 12 a 23 mau mahina).
• Pono ʻoe e kanikau iā ʻoe a me kāu keiki inā ʻoe e huakaʻi i nā ʻāina kahi e kū ai ka maʻi.
• Inā ua hōʻike kāu keiki i ka maʻi hepa A, e kamaʻilio i kāu kauka o kāu keiki e pili ana i ka pono kūpono no ka mālama ʻana me ka immunoglobulin therapy.

Inā hele kāu keiki i ka mālama lā:

• E hōʻoia i nā keiki a me nā limahana o ke keʻena mālama pēpē i loaʻa i kā lākou lāʻau koʻokoʻo hepatitis A.
• E nānā i ka wahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai nā pale diapers e mālama pono ai i ka maʻemaʻe kūpono.

Inā loaʻa i kāu keiki ka maʻi hepitis A, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia mau hana e pale ai i ka maʻi mai ka palahalaha ʻana i nā keiki ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​mākua.

• E holoi pono i kou mau lima ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai, ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana, a ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai i kāu keiki.
• Holoi mau i kou mau lima ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lumi hoʻomaha, ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka diaper o kāu keiki, a inā ʻoe e launa me ke koko o ka mea maʻi, nā pahu, a me nā wai ʻē aʻe o ke kino.
• Kōkua i kāu keiki e aʻo i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi. E aʻo i kāu keiki e holoi i kona mau lima ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai a ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lua.
• Hōʻalo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea maʻi a i ʻole inu i ka wai haumia.

Hepatema Viral - nā keiki; ʻO ka maʻi hepatitis maʻi - keiki

ʻO Jensen MK, Balistreri WF. Hepatema Viral. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 385.

Pham YH, Leung DH. Hepatitis A mea hoʻomaʻi. I: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. ʻO Feigin lāua ʻo Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 168.

Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Romero JR, Szilagyi P. Kōmike Aʻoaʻo e pili ana i nā hana Immunization ua paipai ʻia i ka papa hana pale no nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio he 18 a ʻoi paha mau makahiki - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019; 68 (5): 112-114. PMID: 30730870 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30730870/.