Sweeteners - kō mea pani

ʻO nā mea pani kō ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi o nā meaʻono me ke kō (sucrose) a i ʻole nā ​​wai ʻākela. Kāhea ʻia lākou e kapa ʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻoluʻolu ʻole, nā mea hoʻonanea non-nutritive (NNS), a me nā mea ʻono noncaloric.

Kōkua paha nā mea pani kō no nā poʻe e hoʻāʻo nei e lilo i ka paona. Hāʻawi lākou i ka mea momona i nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi nui o nā calorie keu. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea ʻaʻohe kalori.

Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kō ma kahi o ke kō e pale aku i ka palaho o nā niho. Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i ke kaohi kō kō i nā poʻe me ka maʻi kō.

Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea pani kō i ka meaʻai ke ʻai ʻoe. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui i ka wā kuke ʻana a me ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana. ʻO ka hapanui o nā huahana meaʻai "kō ʻole" a i ʻole calorie haʻahaʻa āu e kūʻai ai ma ka hale kūʻai e hoʻohana ʻia ana i nā hulu kō.

ʻO nā mea pani kō i hoʻohana mau ʻia e komo pū me:

Aspartame (Kaulike a me NutraSweet)

• Nutritive sweetener - he mau calorie, akā momona loa ia, no laila ʻaʻole pono iki.
• Hoʻohui ʻia o ʻelua amino acid - phenylalanine a me aspartic acid.
• 200 mau manawa momona ma mua o ka sucrose.
• Lilo i kona onaona ke hōʻike ʻia i ka wela. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ia i nā mea inu ma mua o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana.
• Ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻia, a ʻaʻole i hōʻike i nā hopena koʻikoʻi.
• Ua ʻae ʻo FDA. (Koi aku ka FDA i nā meaʻai i loko o ka aspartame e pono e hōʻike i kahi ʻōlelo no ka poʻe me PKU (phenylketonuria, kahi maʻi genetika) e hoʻomaopopo iā lākou e pili ana i ke alo o phenylalanine.

ʻO Sucralose (Splenda)

• Mea hoʻoulu mea ʻona pono ʻole - ʻaʻohe a i ʻole nā ​​calories haʻahaʻa loa
• 600 mau manawa momona ma mua o ka sucrose
• Hoʻohana ʻia i nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu he nui, chewing gum, nā meaʻai meaʻai waiū paʻa, nā mea i hoʻomoʻa ʻia, a me ka gelatin
• Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka meaʻai ma ka papa ʻaina a i ʻole hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea i hoʻomoʻa ʻia
• Ua ʻae ʻo FDA

Saccharin (Sweet 'N Low, Sweet Twin, NectaSweet)

• Mea hoʻomomona pono ʻole
• 200 i ka 700 manawa momona ma mua o ka sukrosa
• Hoʻohana ʻia i nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu he nui
• Loaʻa paha i kahi ʻawaʻawa a metallic metallic paha i kekahi mau wai
• ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia i ke kuke ʻana a me ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana
• Ua ʻae ʻo FDA

ʻO Stevia (Truvia, Via Maʻemaʻe, Nā Puka Aniani Sun)

• Mea hoʻomomona pono ʻole.
• Hana ʻia mai ka mea kanu Stevia rebaudiana, i ulu no kāna lau momona.
• ʻAe ʻia ʻo Rebaudiana extract ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia he mea hoʻopiha papaʻai.
• ʻIke maʻamau he palekana (GRAS) e ka FDA.

Acesulfame K (Sunett a me Sweet One)

• Mea hoʻomomona pono ʻole
• 200 mau manawa momona ma mua o ke kō
• Heat-stable, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka kuke ʻana a me ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana
• Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka meaʻai ma ka papa ʻaina
• Hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā mea ʻono ʻē aʻe, e like me saccharin, i nā mea inu kolokona liʻiliʻi a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe
• ʻO ka like loa me ka kōpaʻa i ka ʻono a me ke ʻano
• Ua ʻae ʻo FDA

Neotame (Newtame)

• Mea hoʻomomona pono ʻole
• 7,000 a 13,000 mau manawa momona ma mua o ke kō
• Hoʻohana ʻia i nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu he nui
• Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana
• Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomake papa
• Ua ʻae ʻo FDA

Hua Monk (Luo Han Guo)

• Mea hoʻomomona pono ʻole
• ʻO ka hua kanu mea kanu o nā hua mōneka, kahi melon ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ulu ana ma ka hema o Kina
• 100 i ka 250 mau manawa momona ma mua o ka sukrosa
• Heat stable a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana a me ka kuke ʻana a ʻoi aku ka noʻonoʻo ma mua o ke kō (¼ teaspoon a i ʻole 0.5 gram ka mea like me ka ʻono o 1 teaspoon a i ʻole 2.5 gram kō.
• ʻIke maʻamau he palekana (GRAS) e ka FDA

Advantame

• Mea hoʻomomona pono ʻole
• 20, 000 mau manawa momona ma mua o ke kō
• Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomomona a wela ia, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana
• Hoʻohana ʻole ʻia
• Ua ʻae ʻo FDA

He nīnau pinepine ka poʻe e pili ana i ka palekana a me nā hopena olakino o nā mea kō. Ua hana ʻia nā noiʻi he nui i nā mea pani kō i ʻāpono ʻia e FDA, a ua hōʻike ʻia he palekana. Ma muli o kēia mau noiʻi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo FDA palekana lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka heluna lehulehu.

ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ʻo Aspartame no ka poʻe me PKU. ʻAʻole hiki i ko lākou kino ke haki i kekahi o nā amino acid i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka aspartame.

ʻAʻohe ʻike iki e kākoʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻalo ʻana i nā mea kō i ka wā hāpai. Maikaʻi nā mea ʻono i ʻāpono ʻia e ka FDA e hoʻohana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hōʻalo ʻana i ka saccharin i ka wā hāpai ma muli o ka ʻae ʻana o ka fetal.

Hoʻonohonoho ka FDA i nā mea kō a pau i kūʻai ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia paha i nā meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma United States. Ua hoʻonohonoho ka FDA i kahi lawe i kēlā me kēia lā (ADI). ʻO kēia ka nui e hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻai palekana i kēlā me kēia lā i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻAi ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ka ʻai ma lalo o ka ADI.

I ka 2012, ua paʻi ka American Heart Association a me ka American Diabetes Association kahi hōʻike i hoʻoholo ʻia e hiki i ka hoʻohana kūpono o nā mea kō ke kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻai a me ka momona. Pono hou ʻia ka noiʻi hou. ʻAʻole lawa nā hōʻike i kēia manawa e hoʻoholo inā hoʻohana ka hakahaka i ke kō i ka pohō kaumaha a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka maʻi puʻuwai haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā mea hoʻonanea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe; Nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa pono ʻole - (NNS); Nā mea hoʻonanea Nutritive; Nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa Noncaloric; ʻO nā koho kō

Aronson JK. Nā mea hoʻonani ʻoka. I: Aronson JK, hoʻoponopono. Nā hopena a Meyler o nā lāʻau. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016: 713-716.

Gardner C, Wylie-Rosett J, Gidding SS, et al; ʻO ke Kōmike Nūhou ʻAhahui ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ka ʻAha Kūkā e pili ana i ka meaʻai, ka hana kino a me ka metabolism, ka ʻaha kūkā ma Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis a me Vology Biology, ʻaha kūkā no ka maʻi Cardiovascular i ka ʻōpio, a me ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Diabetes. Nā meaʻono nonnutritive: hoʻohana i kēia manawa a me nā kuanaʻike olakino: kahi ʻōlelo ʻepekema mai ka American Heart Association a me ka American Diabetes Association. Kaapuni. 2012; 126 (4): 509-519. PMID: 22777177 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22777177/.

Pūnaewele ʻo National Cancer Institute. Nā mea hoʻonanea a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/arthetic-sweeteners-fact-sheet. Hoʻohou ʻia ʻAukake 10, 2016. Loaʻa iā ʻOkakopa 11, 2019.

ʻO ka US Department of Health and Human Services a me ka US Department of Agriculture pūnaewele. Nā Kuhi Meaʻai 2015-2020 no nā ʻAmelika. 8th Edition. health.gov/site/default/files/2019-09/2015-2020_Dietary_Guidelines.pdf. Hoʻohou Kēkēmapa 2015. Loaʻa iā ʻOkakopa 11, 2019.

ʻO ka pūnaewele US Food and Drug Administration. ʻO nā mea hoʻonanea kiʻekiʻe. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/high-intensity-sweeteners. Hoʻohou i Kēkēmapa 19, 2017. Loaʻa iā ʻOkakopa 11, 2019.

ʻO ka pūnaewele US Food and Drug Administration. ʻAe ʻia ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā mea hoʻonaʻina ikaika kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permitted-use-food-united-states. Hoʻohou i Pepeluali 8, 2018. Loaʻa iā ʻOkakopa 11, 2019.