Hoʻololi nā ʻelemakule i nā puʻupaʻa a me ka ʻai

Kākoʻo nā puʻupaʻa i ke koko a kōkua i ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻōpala a me nā wai keu mai ke kino. Kōkua pū nā puʻupaʻa i ka pale ʻana i ke kaulike kemika o ke kino.

ʻO nā puʻupaʻa kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana urinary, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia me nā ureter, bladder, a me urethra.

Hiki ke hoʻololi i nāʻiʻo a me nā loli i ka ʻōnaehana hānau i ka kaohi o ka maʻi ʻaʻa.

KA HULIAHI MAKAHIKI A ME NĀ HĀLĀWAI I NĀ KIDNEY A ME KA HUAHI

I kou mau makahiki, loli kou mau puʻupaʻa a me ka ʻai. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻololi i kā lākou hana.

Nā loli i nā puʻupaʻa e kū me ka makahiki:

• Hoemi ka nui o nā puʻupaʻa puʻupaʻa a hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka hana a ka hakuʻala.
• Hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o nā wae kānana (nephrons). Kānana ʻo Neprons i nā mea neoneo mai ke koko.
• Hiki ke paʻakikī nā kīʻaha koko e hāʻawi ana i nā puʻupaʻa. Kēia ke kumu i nā puʻupaʻa e kānana hou i ke koko.

Nā hoʻololi i loko o ka puhā:

• Hoʻololi ka pā o ka puhā. Eʻoi aʻe ke kino o nā mea lahilahi a lilo i mea liʻiliʻi ʻole i ka ʻai. ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻōpū ke hoʻopaʻa i ka mimi ma mua.
• Nawaliwali nā mākala pūpū.
• Hiki i ka urethra ke lilo i hapa a i ʻole ālai ʻia. I nā wahine, hiki i kēia ma muli o nā nāwaliwali nāwaliwali e kumu i ka hāʻule o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka wahine i waho o ke kūlana (prolaps). I nā kāne, hiki ke pale ʻia ka urethra e kahi gland prostate nui.

I ke kanaka ʻelemakule olakino, lohi mālie ka hana ʻana o ka hakuʻala. ʻO ka maʻi, nā lāʻau, a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i ka hana o ka hakuʻala.

NA PILIKIA MAU

Hoʻonui ka ʻelemakule i ka makaʻu o ka ʻōpala a me nā pilikia o ke kīpē e like me:

• Nā pilikia kaohi o ka ʻōpū, e like me ka liu a i ʻole ka miki ʻole (ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa i kou mimi), a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mimi (ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻolei i kou ʻōpū)
• Bladder a me nā maʻi maʻi urinary tract (UTIs)
• Maʻi maʻi ʻōniʻoniʻo

I ka wā e kāhea ai i kahi kauka lāʻau lapaʻau

Kāhea koke i kāu kahu mālama ola inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi urinary tract, me ka fiva a i ʻole ke anuanu, puhi ʻana i ka mimi ʻana, ka palaho a me ka luaʻi, ka luhi nui loa, a me ka ʻeha ʻaoʻao.
• Mimi ʻeleʻele loa a i ʻole ke koko hou i ka mimi
• Pilikia urinary
• Urencing ʻoi aku ka pinepine ma mua o ka maʻamau (polyuria)
• Hiki koke ke urinary (urinary urgent)

Ke hele a makua ʻoe, e loaʻa nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe, e like me:

• I nā iwi, nā mākala, a me nā ami
• I ka ʻōnaehana hānau kāne
• I ka ʻōnaehana hānau wahine
• I loko o nā lālā, nāʻaʻaʻa, a me nā hunaola

• Nā loli i ka hakuʻala me ka makahiki

ʻO Griebling TL. Ke kūnewa a me ka urology geriatric. I: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chap 128.

Smith PP, Kuchel GA. Ke ʻelemakule nei o ka maʻi urinary. I: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. ʻO Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine a me Gerontology. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 22.

Walston JD. ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o ka ʻelemakule. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 22.