ʻEchocardiogram

ʻO kahi echocardiogram kahi hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana i nā nalu kani e hana i nā kiʻi o ka puʻuwai. ʻO ke kiʻi a me ka ʻike e hoʻopuka ai ʻoi aku ka kikoʻī ma mua o kahi kiʻi x-ray maʻamau. ʻAʻole hōʻike kahi echocardiogram iā ʻoe i ka pāhawewe.

TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAM (TTE)

ʻO TTE ke ʻano o ka echocardiogram e loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe.

• Hana kahi sonographer hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hōʻike. Unuhi ke kauka puʻuwai (cardiologist) i nā hopena.
• Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea kani i transducer ma nā wahi like ʻole ma kou umauma a me luna o kou ʻōpū a kuhikuhi i ka puʻuwai. Hoʻokuʻu kēia mea i nā nalu kani kani pinepine.
• Hāpai ka transducer i nā leo o nā nalu kani a hoʻoili iā lākou ma ke ʻano he uila. Hoʻololi ka mīkini echocardiography i kēia mau manaʻo i loko o nā kiʻi neʻe o ka puʻuwai. Paʻa ʻia i nā kiʻi paʻi.
• Hiki i nā kiʻi i ʻelua dimensional a i ʻole ʻekolu dimensional. E pili ana ke ʻano o ke kiʻi i ka ʻāpana o ka puʻuwai e loiloi ʻia a me ke ʻano o ka mīkini.
• Loiloi ʻia kahi echocardiogram Doppler i ka neʻe ʻana o ke koko ma o ka puʻuwai.

Hōʻike kahi echocardiogram i ka puʻuwai ʻoiai e paʻi ana. Hōʻike ia i nā kiwikā o ka naʻau a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe.

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kou mau māmā, nā iwi ʻaoʻao, a i ʻole ke kino ke pale i nā nalu kani a me nā leo mai ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi kiʻi maopopo o ka hana puʻuwai. Inā pilikia kēia, hiki i ka mea mālama ola ke hoʻopili i kahi wai liʻiliʻi (ʻokoʻa) ma o ka IV e ʻike pono ai i ka naʻau o ka puʻuwai.

Kākaʻikahi wale nō, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻowahāwahā e hoʻohana ana i nā probe echocardiography kūikawā.

TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM (TEE)

No kahi TEE, numbed ka kua o kou ʻāʻī a paipu lōʻihi akā paʻa paʻa (i kapa ʻia ʻo "probe") i loaʻa kahi ultrasound transducer ma ka hopena i hoʻokomo ʻia i kou puʻu.

ʻO kahi kauka puʻuwai me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā e alakaʻi i ka laulā i lalo o ka esophagus a i loko o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hana e kiʻi i nā kiʻi echocardiographic ʻoi aku ka maopopo o kou puʻuwai. Hiki i ka mea hāʻawi ke hoʻohana i kēia hoʻāʻo e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi (endocarditis) koko clots (thrombi), a i ʻole nā ​​hanana kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā ​​pilina.

ʻAʻole pono nā hanana kūikawā ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo TTE. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi TEE, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai a inu paha no kekahi mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo.

Ma ka hoʻāʻo:

• Pono ʻoe e hemo i kou kapa mai ka pūhaka a moe i luna o ka papa hōʻike ma kou kua.
• E kau ʻia nā uila i kou umauma e nānā i ka pā ʻana o kou puʻuwai.
• Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kahi gel liʻiliʻi ma kou umauma a hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka transducer ma luna o kou ʻili. E ʻike ʻoe i kahi kaomi iki ma kou umauma mai ka transducer.
• Nonoi ʻia ʻoe e hanu i kekahi ala a i ʻole ʻolokaʻa ʻia i kou ʻaoʻao hema. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia kahi moena kūikawā e kōkua iā ʻoe e noho i ke kūlana kūpono.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe he TEE, e loaʻa iā ʻoe nā lāʻau lapaʻau hōʻoluʻolu (hoʻomaha) ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka ʻimi a me ka wai numbing e pīpī ʻia ma ka hope o kou puʻu.

Hana ʻia kēia hōʻike e loiloi i nā kiwikā a me nā keʻena o ka puʻuwai mai waho o kou kino. Hiki i ka echocardiogram ke kōkua i ke kuhi ʻana:

• Nā nohona puʻuwai maʻamau
• ʻO ka maʻi puʻuwai Congenital (nā hanana ʻē aʻe i ka wā hānau)
• Poino i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai mai kahi puʻuwai
• Ohumu naʻau
• Hoʻonā (pericarditis) aiʻole ka wai i loko o ka ʻeke a puni ka puʻuwai (pericardial effusion)
• ʻO ka maʻi ma a ma ʻō paha o nā puʻuwai puʻuwai (infocious endocarditis)
• Hypertension pulmonary
• Ka hiki o ka puʻuwai ke pauma (no ka poʻe me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai)
• Kumu o kahi hāpule koko ma hope o ka hahau a i ʻole TIA

Koi paha kāu mea hāʻawi iā TEE inā:

• Maopopo ʻole ka maʻamau (a i ʻole TTE). ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma muli o ke ʻano o kou umauma, maʻi maʻi, a i ʻole ka momona o ke kino.
• Pono e nānā i kahi kikoʻī o ka puʻuwai i nā kikoʻī.

Hōʻike kahi echocardiogram maʻamau i nā valves naʻau maʻamau a me nā keʻena a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka paia o ka puʻuwai.

Hiki i kahi echocardiogram abnormal ke manaʻo i nā mea he nui. ʻO kekahi mau mea maʻamau ʻole he liʻiliʻi loa ia a ʻaʻole pilikia i nā pilikia nui. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi puʻuwai koʻikoʻi. Pono ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e kahi loea i kēia hihia. He mea nui e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hopena o kāu echocardiogram me kāu mea hāʻawi.

ʻAʻohe pilikia i ʻike ʻia mai kahi hoʻāʻo TTE kūwaho.

ʻO TEE kahi hana hoʻouka. Aia kekahi pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• Ka hopena i nā lāʻau hoʻomālie.
• Poino i ka esophagus. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pilikia me kāu esophagus.

E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i nā pilikia e pili ana i kēia hōʻike.

Hōʻike nā hopena maʻamau:

• Maʻi maʻi puʻuwai
• Cardiomyopathy
• Hoʻopau Pericardial
• Nā ʻano ʻino ʻē aʻe

Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hōʻike e loiloi a nānā i nā ʻano puʻuwai like ʻole.

Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE); Echocardiogram - transthoracic; Doppler ultrasound o ka puʻuwai; ʻ .kā ʻili

• ʻŌnaehana puni

ʻO Otto CM. ʻ .lelo Echocardiography. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 25th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 55.

ʻO Solomon SD, Wu JC, Gillam L, Bulwer B. Echocardiography. I: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. ʻO ka maʻi puʻuwai ʻo Braunwald: He puke aʻo no ka lāʻau Cardiovascular. 11th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 14.