Venogram pūpū

ʻO kahi venogram renal kahi hoʻāʻo e nānā i nā veins i ka puʻupaʻa. Hoʻohana ia i nā kukuna x a me kahi kala kūikawā (i kapa ʻia he ʻokoʻa).

ʻO nā kukuna X kahi ʻano o ka uila uila e like me ka mālam, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika, no laila hiki iā lākou ke neʻe ma waena o ke kino e hana i kiʻi. E keʻokeʻo nā ʻōnaehana (e like me ka iwi) a ʻeleʻele ka ea. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e malu o ka hina.

ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia nā uaua i kahi kiʻi x. ʻO ia ke kumu e pono ai ka kala kūikawā. Kākoʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu i nā uaua i mea e hōʻike maikaʻi ai i nā kukuna x.

Hana ʻia kēia hōʻike ma kahi mālama olakino me nā lako pono. E moe ʻoe ma ka papa ʻaina x-ray. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau anesthetic kūloko e hoʻopōpō ai i ka wahi i pahu ʻia ka kala. E noi paha ʻoe i lāʻau hoʻoluʻolu (sedative) inā ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo.

Hoʻokomo ka mea mālama ola i kahi nila i loko o kahi aa, pinepine pinepine i ka ʻūlū, akā i kekahi manawa i ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka mea aʻe, he paipu maʻalahi, i kapa ʻia he catheter (ʻo ia ka laulā o ka piko o kahi peni), hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke aʻa a neʻe i loko o ke aa a hiki i ke aʻa i ka puʻupaʻa. Lawe ʻia kahi laʻana koko mai kēlā me kēia puʻupaʻa. Kahe ka pena ʻokoʻa ma o kēia paipu. Lawe ʻia nā kukuna X i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kala ma o nā aa koko.

Nānā ʻia kēia kaʻina hana e fluoroscopy, kahi ʻano x-ray e hana ana i nā kiʻi ma kahi kīwī.

Ke kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi, hemo ka catheter a kau ʻia kahi kaula ma luna o ka ʻeha.

E haʻi ʻia ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka meaʻai a me nā mea inu e pili ana i 8 mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo. E haʻi paha kāu mea lawelawe iā ʻoe e haʻalele i ka lawe ʻana i ka aspirin a i ʻole nā ​​mea wīwī o ke koko ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo. Mai hōʻoki i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau me ka ʻole e kamaʻilio mua i kāu mea hāʻawi.

E noi ʻia ʻoe e ʻaʻahu i nā kapa o ka haukapila a kau inoa i kahi palapala ʻae no ke kaʻina hana. Pono ʻoe e hemo i nā mea kāhiko mai kahi e aʻo ʻia nei.

E haʻi i ka mea hāʻawi inā ʻoe:

• Hāpai lākou
• Loaʻa i nā maʻi āpau i kekahi lāʻau, kala ʻokoʻa, a iodine paha
• Loaʻa i kahi moʻolelo o nā pilikia kahe

E moe pā ʻoe ma ka papa ʻaina x-ray. Aia kahi cushion pinepine, akā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu e like me kahi moena. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻūlū ke hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau anesthesia kūloko. ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻike i ke kala. ʻIke paha ʻoe i kekahi kaomi a me ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻole e like me ke kau ʻana o ka catheter. ʻIke paha ʻoe i nā ʻōuli, e like me ka flushing, ke injected ka kala.

Loaʻa paha ka palupalu a palupalu hoʻi ma ka pūnaewele kahi i waiho ai ka catheter.

ʻAʻole hana pinepine ʻia kēia hōʻike. Ua hoʻololi nui ʻia e CT scan a me MRI. I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo e ana i nā pae o nā hormones kōkona.

Kākaʻikahi wale nō, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo e ʻike i ke kahe o ke koko, nā tumors, a me nā pilikia o ke aa koko. ʻO kāna hoʻohana maʻamau i kēia lā ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o kahi hoʻokolohua e mālama ai i nā veins varicose o nā testicle a i ʻole nā ​​ovaries.

ʻAʻole pono nā clots a i ʻole nā ​​tumors i ke aa koko. Pono e kahe koke ke kala ma o ke aa a ʻaʻole hoʻi i hope i nā testes a i ʻole nā ​​ovaries.

Nā hopena kūpono ʻole ma muli o:

• Hoʻopaʻa koko i kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole holoʻokoʻa paha i ka aa
• Tumo hakuʻala
• Pilikia Veena

Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā pilikia ma kēia hōʻike:

• ʻO ka hopena āpau i ka kala ʻokoʻa
• Kahena
• Huʻi koko
• E hōʻeha i ke aa

Aia kahi pae pāhawewe pae haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ka hapanui o ka poʻe loea i ka makaʻu o ka hapanui o nā kukuna x he mea liʻiliʻi ia ma mua o nā pilikia ʻē aʻe a mākou e lawe ai i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā wahine hāpai a me nā keiki i nā makaʻu o ka x-ray.

Venogram --ʻaʻaʻa; Venography; Venogram - hakuʻala; Trombosis aʻa koko - venogram

• Anatomia hakuʻala
• Nā uaua koko

Perico N, Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G. Pathophysiology o proteinuria. I: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. ʻO Brenner a me Rector's The Kidney. 11th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 30.

Pin RH, Ayad MT, Gillespie D. Venography. I: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, hua. ʻO Rutherford's Vascular Surgery a me Endotherapy Therapy. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 26.

ʻO Wymer DTG, ʻo Wymer DC. Kiʻi kiʻi. I: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, eds. Nā Nephrology Haumāna piha. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 5.