Hōʻike koko kalepona

Hoʻopili ke kolo koko i ka pae o ka puna i loko o ke koko.

Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka hoʻokolohua e ana i ka nui o ka calcium i loko o kou koko. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka calcium i loko o ke koko e pili i nā protein, ʻo ka hapa nui albumin.

Hana ʻia kahi hōʻike ʻokoʻa e ana i ka calcium ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia i nā protein i loko o kou koko. Kapa ʻia kēlā ʻano kalima i ka puna pālolo manuahi a i ʻole ionized.

Hiki ke ana ʻia ka kalipuna i ka mimi.

Pono kahi laʻana koko.

E haʻi paha kāu mea mālama ola iā ʻoe e kū iki i ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau i hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hōʻike. Pili pū paha kēia mau lāʻau:

• ʻO nā paʻakai kalipona (ʻike ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻowaiwai a i ʻole nā ​​antacids)
• Likiuma
• ʻO Thiazide diuretics (paila wai)
• ʻO Tiroxine
• Wikamina D

ʻO ka inu ʻana i ka waiū nui (2 a ʻoi paha mau quart a i ʻole 2 liters o ka lā a i ʻole ka nui o nā huahana waiū ʻē aʻe) a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ka vitamini D nui loa ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai hiki ke hoʻonui i nā pae o ka calcium.

Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ke kui kele e huki i ke koko, manaʻo kekahi poʻe i ka ʻeha kaulike. ʻIke wale kekahi i kahi ʻōniʻu a i ʻole kui. Ma hope, loaʻa paha i kahi kūpikipiki a i ʻole ʻeha iki. Hele koke kēia.

Pono nā hunaola āpau i ka punaewele i mea e holo pono ai. Kōkua ka kalipuna i nā iwi ikaika a me nā niho. He mea nui ia no ka hana puʻuwai, a kōkua me ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā mākala, hōʻailona nerve, a me ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko.

E kauoha paha kāu kauka i kēia hoʻokolohua inā he hōʻailona a hōʻailona paha kāu o:

• Nā maʻi iwi kekahi
• ʻO kekahi mau maʻi ʻino, e like me myeloma maha, a i ʻole kahi maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, akemāmā, ʻāʻī, a me ka puʻupaʻa
• Maʻi maʻi ʻōniʻoniʻo
• Maʻi maʻi ʻōiwi
• Nā maʻi o ka parathyroid glands (hōmona i hana ʻia e kēia mau glands e kaohi i ka calcium a me nā pae vitamin D i loko o ke koko)
• Nā maʻi e hoʻopili i ka hopena o kou ʻōpū i nā meaolaola
• ʻO ka pae vitamin D kiʻekiʻe
• ʻO ka nui o ka thyroid (hyperthyroidism) a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau thyroid hormone he nui

E kauoha paha kāu kauka i kēia hoʻokolohua inā ʻoe i hoʻomaha i kahi moe no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Loaʻa nā kumukūʻai maʻamau mai 8.5 a 10.2 mg / dL (2.13 a 2.55 millimol / L).

Hiki ke loli iki nā pae waiwai maʻamau i waena o nā hale hana ʻokoʻa. Hoʻohana kekahi mau keʻena hoʻokolohua i nā ana like ʻole a i ʻole hoʻokolohua i nā hoʻohālikelike like ʻole. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāu mau hopena hōʻike kikoʻī.

ʻO kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka pae maʻamau ma muli o kekahi mau ʻano olakino. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau ka:

• Noho ma kahi moe no ka manawa lōʻihi.
• Ke hoʻohana nei i ka nui o ka calcium a me ka huaʻai D.
• Hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid glands e hana i ka nui o kā lākou hormone; pili pinepine ʻia me kahi pae vitamin D haʻahaʻa).
• Nā maʻi i hoʻokumu i nā granulomas e like me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu a me kekahi mau maʻi fungal a me mycobacterial.
• Myeloma maha, T cell lymphoma a me kekahi mau maʻi ʻino ʻē aʻe.
• Tumo iwi metastatic (ka maʻi ʻaʻai iwi i pālahalaha).
• ʻO ka nui o ka thyroid (hyperthyroidism) a i ʻole ka nui o ka lāʻau thyroid
• Maʻi Paget. ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka iwi me ka ulu hou ʻole ʻana, e hana ana i ka deformity o nā iwi i loli ʻia.
• ʻO Sarcoidosis. Pehu a pehu paha nā pūnana lymph, nā mumū, ke ake, nā maka, ka ʻili, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe.
• Nā tumors e hana ana i kahi ʻano like hormonone parathyroid.
• Hoʻohana o kekahi mau lāʻau e like me lithium, tamoxifen, a me thiazides.

ʻO kahi haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā pae maʻamau ma muli o:

• Nā maʻi e hoʻopili i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā meaʻai mai nā ʻōpū
• Hypoparathyroidism (parathyroid glands ʻaʻole e lawa ka lawa o kā lākou hormone)
• Hewa ʻole nā ​​hakuʻala
• Kūlana koko haʻahaʻa o albumin
• Maʻi maʻi ate
• Ka nele o ka magnesiuma
• ʻO Pancreatitis
• Ka nele o ka wikamina D

Aia ka liʻiliʻi o ka makaʻu me ka lawe ʻia o kou koko. ʻOkoʻa nā aʻa a me nā aʻa i ka nui mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi ʻē aʻe a mai kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kino i kekahi. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lawe ʻana i ke koko mai kekahi poʻe ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kau ʻana o ke koko he liʻiliʻi akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Kahe nui ke koko
• Pāleʻale a ʻoluʻolu paha
• Hematoma (hōʻiliʻili koko ma lalo o ka ʻili)
• Maʻiʻaʻai (i iki kamepiula i kēlā me kēia manawa ka ʻili i haki)
• Nā punctures he nui e ʻimi i nā uaua

Ca + 2; Kalumikuma serum; Ca ++; Hyperparathyroidism - pae calcium; Osteoporosis - pae calcium; Hypercalcemia - pae calcium; Hypocalcemia - pae calcium

• Hōʻaʻo koko

Klemm KM, Klein MJ. Nā māka biomimika o ka metabolism iwi. I: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, hua. ʻO kā Henry's Clinical Diagnosis a me Management e nā Laboratory Methods. 23rd Ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 15.

Smogorzewski MJ, Stubbs JR, Yu ASL. Nā maʻi o ka calcium, magnesium, a me ke kaulike phosphate. I: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, eds. ʻO Brenner a me Rector's The Kidney. 10 o ka lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 19.