Poisoning - nā iʻa a me nā pūpū

Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i kahi hui o nā ʻano like ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa i hoʻohaumia ʻia a me nā iʻa iʻa. ʻO ka maʻa mau o kēia mau mea he lāʻau ʻona ciguatera, lāʻau make scombroid, a me nā mea ʻona shellfish like ʻole.

ʻO kēia ʻatikala no ka ʻike wale nō. Mai hoʻohana ia mea e mālama a mālama i kahi lāʻau make maoli. Inā loaʻa ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea āu e launa pū ai, e kāhea i kāu helu pilikia kūloko (e like me 911), a i ʻole hiki ke kiʻi pololei ʻia i kahi kikowaena lāʻau make kūloko ma ke kāhea ʻana i ka laina laina kōkua Poison Help free (1-800-222-1222) mai nā wahi a ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

I ka lāʻau ʻona ciguatera, ʻo ka mea hana ʻona ka ciguatoxin. He lāʻau make kēia i hana ʻia i nā mea liʻiliʻi e kekahi limu a me nā limu e like me nā limu i kapa ʻia dinoflagellates. ʻO nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e ʻai i ka limu lilo i haumia. Inā ʻai ka iʻa nui i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, hoʻohaumia ʻia, hiki i ka lāʻau make ke kūkulu i kahi pae weliweli, hiki ke hōʻeha iā ʻoe inā ʻai ʻoe i ka iʻa. ʻO Ciguatoxin "wela-kūpaʻa." ʻAʻole ia he mea nui pehea ʻoe e kuke ai i kāu iʻa, inā haumia ka iʻa, e lilo ʻoe i mea make.

I ka lāʻau make scombroid, ʻo ka mea make ʻona kahi hui pū o ka histamine a me nā mea like. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka iʻa, hana ka bacteria i ka nui o ka toxin inā ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻalili ʻia a i ʻole paʻa ʻia ka iʻa.

I ka lāʻau ʻino pūpū, ʻo nā mea ʻona nā mea make i hana ʻia e nā mea like me ke limu i kapa ʻia dinoflagellates, i kūkulu ʻia i kekahi ʻano iʻa iʻa. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano ʻona o ka iwi iʻa. ʻO nā ʻano i kaulana nui loa ka ʻāpala shellfish paralytic, lāʻau neʻupuʻu neurotoxic, a me ka lāʻau ʻāpena amnesic.

Kū maʻamau ka lāʻau ʻona Ciguatera i nā iʻa nui aʻe mai nā wai anuanu mehana. ʻO nā ʻano i makemake nui ʻia o kēia mau iʻa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka meaʻai me ka bass kai, grouper, a me ka snapper ʻulaʻula. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka wai e hoʻopuni ana iā Florida a me Hawaiʻi paha ka iʻa i hoʻohaumia ʻia. Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka lāʻau ʻona ciguatera ka ʻano make ʻona mai nā biotoxins kai. He pilikia nui ia i ke olakino lehulehu.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu i nā mahina kau wela, a i ʻole nā ​​manawa e pua nui ana nā limu i ke kai, e like me ke "ʻulaʻula." Hana ʻia kahi ʻulaʻula ke piʻi nui ka nui o nā dinoflagellates i ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, mahalo i nā halihali o kēia au, e ʻai paha ka poʻe a puni ka honua i kahi iʻa mai nā wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia.

Lawe pinepine ka lāʻau make Scombroid mai ka iʻa nui ʻeleʻele e like me ke tuna, mackerel, mahi mahi, a me albacore. No ka ulu ʻana o kēia lāʻau make ma hope o ka hei ʻana o kahi iʻa a make a make, ʻaʻohe mea nui kahi e hei ʻia ka iʻa. ʻO ke kumu nui ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa ma mua o ka hau a i ʻole ka hau.

E like me ka lāʻau ʻona ciguatera, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau ʻino pūpū i loko o nā wai mehana. Eia nō naʻe, ua hana ʻia nā mea ʻona a hiki i ka ʻĀkau o Alaska a ua maʻa mau ia ma Nū ʻEnelani. Kū ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau ʻino i nā mahina kau wela. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo "Mai ʻai i ka iʻa i loko o nā mahina i loaʻa ʻole ka leka R." Hoʻopili kēia me Mei a ʻAukake hoʻi. Hana ʻia ka ʻāpopo o ka iʻa i loko o nā iʻa iʻa me nā pūpū ʻelua, e like me ka ʻōpae, ka ʻio, ka ʻulu, a me nā scallops i kekahi manawa.

E nānā mau me kāu keʻena olakino kūloko a iʻa paha a me nā ʻāhiu holoholona hihiu inā he nīnau kāu e pili ana i ka palekana o ka ʻai ʻana i nā huahana meaʻai.

ʻO nā mea ʻino e hoʻopilikia i nā ciguatera, scombroid, a me nā lāʻau ʻawaʻena i kūpaʻa i ka wela, no laila ʻaʻohe nui o ka kuke ʻana e pale iā ʻoe mai ka lāʻau make inā ʻai ʻoe i nā iʻa i haumia ʻole. Pili nā ʻōuli i ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka lāʻau make.

Hiki i nā ʻōuli ʻona Ciguatera ke hana ma 2 a 12 mau hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• Pākuʻi ʻōpū
• Diarrhea (koʻikoʻi a me ka wai)
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi

Ma hope koke o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia mau ʻōuli, e hoʻomaka ʻoe e loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē, i pili pū paha me:

• ʻO ka manaʻo e hemo kou mau niho a kokoke e hāʻule
• Hoʻohuikau i nā mahana wela a me ke anuanu (e laʻa, e ʻike ʻoe e like me ke kī ʻana o ka pahu hau iā ʻoe, ʻoiai ke anuanu ka pāʻani i kou ʻili)
• He ʻeha poʻo (ʻo ka hōʻailona pinepine paha ia)
• Ka helu haʻahaʻa o ka naʻau a me ke kaomi haʻahaʻa (i nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa)
• ʻIno metallic i ka waha

Eʻoi aʻe paha ka maikaʻi o kēia mau hōʻailona inā inu ʻoe i ka waiʻona me kāu pāʻina.

Kū pinepine nā hōʻailona lāʻau make Scombroid ma hope koke iho o ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• Nā pilikia hanu, e like me ka wheezing a me ka paʻa o ka umauma (i nā hihia koʻikoʻi)
• ʻIli ʻulaʻula loa ma ka maka a me ke kino
• Flushing
• Hives a me ka ʻili
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• Peppery a ʻono ʻono paha

Ma lalo iho nei kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻona o ka iʻa i kaulana loa, a me ko lākou mau ʻōuli.

Lāʻau ʻāpala paralytic: Ma kahi o 30 mau minuke ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa iʻa haumia, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka helu a i ʻole ka ʻūlū ʻana i kou waha. E pāhola paha kēia naʻau i kou mau lima a me kou mau wāwae. Lilo paha ʻoe i ka luʻuluʻu loa, loaʻa i ka ʻeha o ke poʻo, a, i kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kou mau lima a me kou mau wāwae ke loli i kekahi manawa. Loaʻa paha i kekahi poʻe ka puale, ka luaʻi, a me ka diarrhea, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau ʻōuli.

Lāʻau ʻāpala neurotoxic: ʻO nā ʻōuli e like loa me nā lāʻau ʻona ciguatera. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i nā pāpaʻi i hoʻohaumia ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​kūpuna, e ʻike paha ʻoe i ka nausea, ka luaʻi, a me ka palahī. E ukali koke ʻia kēia mau ʻōuli ma hope e nā ʻano ʻē e komo pū paha me ka helu a i ʻole ka ʻūlū ʻana i kou waha, ʻeha poʻo, ʻū, a me ka hoʻohuli wela a me ke anuanu.

Lāʻau ʻāmuku amnesic: ʻO kēia kahi ʻano ʻē a laha ʻole hoʻi o ka lāʻau make i hoʻomaka me ka nausea, ka luaʻi, a me ka palahī. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻōuli e ka nalowale hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka manawa pōkole, a me nā ʻōuli ʻōnaehana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻole ʻia.

ʻO ka make ʻino ʻana o ka pūkini ka pilikia kūloko. ʻO ke kanaka me nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi a i ʻole hikiwawe paha e lawe koke ʻia i kahi keʻena olakino pōpilikia koke. Pono paha ʻoe e kāhea i ka helu kūloko kūloko (e like me 911) a i ʻole kaohi lāʻau no nā ʻike lapaʻau kūpono.

Kōkua ka ʻikepili aʻe no ke kōkua pilikia:

• Ka makahiki o ke kanaka, kaupaona, a me ke kūlana
• ʻAno iʻa i ʻai ʻia
• ʻAi ʻia ka manawa
• Ua ale ʻia ka nui

Eia naʻe, mai hoʻopanee i ke kāhea ʻana i ke kōkua inā ʻaʻole loaʻa koke kēia ʻike.

Hiki ke kiʻi pololei ʻia i kāu kikowaena lāʻau make ma ke kāhea ʻana i ka laina laina kōkua Poison Help manuahi (1-800-222-1222) mai nā wahi a pau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. E hāʻawi lākou iā ʻoe i nā ʻōkuhi ʻē aʻe.

He lawelawe manuahi kēia a pilikino. Hoʻohana nā kikowaena mālama lāʻau ʻona āpau i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēia helu aupuni. E kāhea ʻoe inā he nīnau kāu e pili ana i ka lāʻau make a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau make. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea i 24 mau hola i ka lā, 7 mau lā o ka pule.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lāʻau ʻona ciguatera, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe:

• Nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke koko a me ka mimi
• EKG (electrocardiogram, a i ʻole ka huli puʻuwai)
• Nā Fluids e IV (ma o ke aa)
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻōki i ka luaʻi ʻana
• Nā lāʻau e kōkua ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana (mannitol)

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lāʻau make scombroid, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe:

• Kākoʻo Airway, e like me ka oxygen, paipu hanu ma o ka waha (intubation), a me ka mīkini hanu (ventilator)
• Nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke koko a me ka mimi
• EKG (electrocardiogram, a i ʻole ka huli puʻuwai)
• Nā Fluids e IV (ma o ke aa)
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ho'ōki i ka luaʻi
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i nā hopena maʻi ʻino (inā pono), me Benadryl

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lāʻau ʻawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa:

• Nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke koko a me ka mimi
• EKG (electrocardiogram, a i ʻole ka huli puʻuwai)
• Nā Fluids e IV (ma o ke aa)
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻōki i ka luaʻi ʻana

Inā hōʻino ka ʻino o nā pūpū i ka maʻi lōlō, noho ʻoe i ka haukapila a hiki i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o kāu mau ʻōuli.

ʻIke ʻia nā lāʻau iʻa a me nā pūpū i nā manawa i ka United States. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pale iā ʻoe iho ma ka hōʻalo ʻana i nā iʻa a me nā iʻa iʻa i paʻa i loko a puni nā wahi o kahi kai ʻulaʻula i ʻike ʻia, a me ka hōʻalo ʻana i nā ʻōpae, nā kūpeʻe, a me nā ʻōpelu i nā mahina kau wela. Inā ʻona ʻoe, maikaʻi loa kāu hopena wā lōʻihi.

ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻona ʻo Scombroid ka mea maʻamau mau no kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki ke hala ka lāʻau ʻona Ciguatera a me nā ʻōuli o ka pūpū i nā lā a i nā pule, e like me ka nui o ka lāʻau make. ʻAkahi loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena koʻikoʻi a make paha.

ʻAʻohe ala no ka mea nāna e hoʻomākaukau i ka meaʻai e ʻike i ka haumia o kā lākou meaʻai. No laila, he mea nui e haʻi aku kāu mea mālama ola i ka hale ʻaina ua haumia kā lākou meaʻai i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolei aku iā ia ma mua o ka maʻi ʻana o kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe. Pono pū kāu mea lawelawe i ka 'Oihana Ola e nānā pono i nā mea hoʻolako e hoʻolako ana i nā iʻa i hoʻohaumia ʻia ʻike ʻia a luku ʻia.

Lāʻau ʻino; Lāʻau make Dinoflagellate; Hoʻohaunaele kai; ʻĀpala shellfish paralytic; Lāʻau makeʻo Ciguatera

ʻO Jong EC. ʻIʻa a me ka iʻa pūpū: nā syndrome ʻona. I: Sandford CA, Pottinger PS, Jong EC, eds. ʻO ka manuale huakaʻi a me Tropical Medicine. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 34.

Lazarciuc N. Diarrhea. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 28.

ʻO Morris JG. Pili nā maʻi kanaka e pili ana i nā pua alga weliweli. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R. Blaser MJ, hua. ʻO Mandell, Douglas a me Bennett's Principal a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi Infectious, Edition Hou. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 286.

ʻO Ravindran ADK, Viswanathan KN. Nā maʻi maʻi pahi. I: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. ʻO kā Conn Therapy Therapy 2019. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: 540-550.