Leishmaniasis

He maʻi lele ʻo Leishmaniasis i hoʻolaha ʻia e ka nahu o ka wahine wahine.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Leishmaniasis e kahi parasite liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo leishmania protozoa. ʻO Protozoa kekahi o nā meaola hoʻokahi.

ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o leishmaniasis:

• Hoʻopili ka leishmaniasis Cutane i ka ʻili a me nā membrane mucous. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻeha ma ke kahua o ka nahu ʻana o nā one. I kekahi mau poʻe, ulu ka ʻeha ma nā membrane mucous.
• ʻO ka ʻōnaehana, a i ʻole visceral, leishmaniasis e hoʻopili i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Kū kēia kēia palapala i 2 a 8 mau mahina ma hope o ka nahu ʻia ʻana o ke kanaka e ka manu ʻā. ʻAʻole hoʻomanaʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ka ʻeha o ka ʻili. Hiki i kēia palapala ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia make. Hoʻopōʻino nā parasites i ka ʻōnaehana pale ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā helu o nā hunaola hakakā me nā maʻi.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka leishmaniasis ma nā ʻāina āpau koe wale ʻo Australia a me Antarctica. Ma ʻAmelika, hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi ma Mekiko a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ua hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā pūʻali koa e hoʻi mai ana mai ke awawa Persian.

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka leishmaniasis cutaneus e kaukaʻi ʻia ma kahi o nā leona a hoʻopili ʻia paha:

• Pilikia hanu
• Nā ʻeha o ka ʻili, a lilo paha i maʻi maʻi ʻili e hoʻōla lohi
• Pihi ihu, ihu ihu, a me nā ihu
• Pahu i ka paʻakikī
• Ulcer and Wear away (erosion) i loko o ka waha, elelo, gums, lehelehe, ihu, a me ka ihu o loko

Hoʻomaka hoʻomaka ka maʻi maʻi visceral i nā keiki me ka:

• Cough
• Pohā
• Fiva
• ʻO ka luaʻi

Loaʻa i nā mākua ke kuni no 2 mau pule a 2 mau mahina, me nā ʻōuli e like me ka luhi, nāwaliwali, a me nā nalo o ka makemake. Hoʻonui ka nāwaliwali i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi i loko.

ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe o ka leishmaniasis visceral ʻōnaehana e hoʻopili pū paha:

• Hōʻoluʻolu ʻōpū
• ʻO ke kuni e mau ana i mau pule; hele mai paha a hele i nā pōʻaiapuni
• Hoʻoulu ka pō
• Pālehu, hina, ʻeleʻele, ʻili lehu
• Lauoho lahilahi
• Kaumaha emi

E nānā ana kāu mea mālama ola iā ʻoe a ʻike paha ua hoʻonui ʻia kou puha, akepaʻa, a me nā lymph. E nīnau ʻia ʻoe inā e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe i ka nahu ʻia ʻana e nā ʻalalā a i ʻole inā ma kahi ʻoe e maʻa mau ai ka leishmaniasis.

Nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia ai e kuhikuhi i ke ʻano me nā:

• ʻO Biopsy o ka spleen a me ka moʻomeheu
• ʻO ka biopsy iwi iwi a me ka moʻomeheu
• ʻIkepili aglutination pololei
• Hōʻaʻo antibody immunofluorescent indirect
• Hōʻike PCR kikoʻī ʻo Leishmania
• ʻO ka biopsy a me ka moʻomeheu
• ʻO ka biopsy Lymph node a me ka moʻomeheu
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻili Montenegro (ʻaʻole i ʻāpono ʻia i United States)
• ʻO ka biopsy ʻili a me ka moʻomeheu

Nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e hoʻopili ʻia:

• Helu piha koko
• Ke hoʻāʻo Serologic
• Albumin serum
• Nā pae immunoglobulin serum
• Pūmua serum

ʻO nā mea i loaʻa i ka antimony nā lāʻau nui i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka leishmaniasis. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• Antimoniate Meglumine
• ʻO Sodium stibogluconate

Nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me:

• ʻO Amphotericin B
• Ketoconazole
• Miltefosine
• Paromomycin
• Pentamidine

Pono paha ka ʻoki lula e hoʻoponopono i ka disfigurement i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻeha ma ka maka (leishmaniasis cutaneus).

Kiʻekiʻena nā kumu hoʻōla me ka lāʻau kūpono, ka hapa nui ke hoʻomaka ʻia ka mālama ʻana ma mua o ka hopena o ka ʻōnaehana pale. Hiki i ka leishmaniasis kaʻi ke alakaʻi i ka disfigurement.

Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka make e nā pilikia (e like me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe), ma kahi o ka maʻi ponoʻī. Kū pinepine ka make i loko o 2 mau makahiki.

Hiki i Leishmaniasis ke alakaʻi i kēia:

• Kahe ʻana (hemorrhage)
• Nā maʻi make ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale
• Hoʻonā o ka helehelena

Kāhea aku i kāu mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli o leishmaniasis ma hope o ke kipa ʻana i kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi.

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā hana e hōʻalo ai i nā nahu o ka manu e hiki ke pale aku i ka leishmaniasis:

• Ke waiho nei i ka upena maka maikaʻi a puni ka moena (i nā wahi kahi e loaʻa ai ka maʻi)
• Puka aniani
• Ke ʻaʻa nei i ka mea kolo
• Ke komo nei i nā kapa pale

He mea nui nā hana olakino lehulehu e hōʻemi ai i nā one. ʻAʻohe lāʻau āpau a lāʻau paha e pale ai i ka leishmaniasis.

Kala-azar; Leishmaniasis ʻōiwi; Leishmaniasis Visceral; Leishmaniasis honua kahiko; Leishmaniasis honua hou

• Leishmaniasis
• Leishmaniasis, mexicana - lesion ma ka papalina
• Leishmaniasis ma ka manamana lima
• Leishmania panamensis ma ka wāwae
• Leishmania panamensis - pani

ʻO Aronson NE, Copeland NK, Magill AJ. Nā ʻano Leishmania: visceral (kala-azar), cutaneus, a me nā leishmaniasis mucosal. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principal a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpikipiki, Hoʻopuka Hou. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2020: chap 275.

ʻO Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN. ʻO nā protistans koko a me nā meaola I: hemoflagellates. I: Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN, eds. Parasitology kanaka. 5th lā. Ladana, UK: Elsevier Academic Press; 2019: chap 6.