ʻO Rabies

He maʻi maʻi viral ʻo Rabies i hoʻolaha nui ʻia e nā holoholona maʻi.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi e ka maʻi virus. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ʻo Rabies e ka lawalā maʻi i komo i loko o ke kino ma o ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka ʻāha haʻi. Hele ka virus mai ka ʻeha a ka lolo, kahi e kumu ai ka pehu ʻana a me ka pehu ʻana. ʻO kēia huhū e alakaʻi i nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka make ʻana o nā rabies i nā keiki.

I ka wā ma mua, ʻo nā hihia rabies kanaka ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ka hopena ma muli o ka nahu ʻana o kahi ʻīlio. I kēia mau lā, ua pili nā hihia he nui o nā rabies kanaka i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā raccoons. ʻO nā nahu ʻīlio kahi kumu maʻamau o ka rabies i nā ʻāina kūkulu, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ʻAsia a me ʻApelika. ʻAʻohe o kahi hōʻike e pili ana i ka rabies ma muli o ka nahu ʻana o nā ʻīlio ma United States no kekahi mau makahiki ma muli o ka hoʻolaha ākea ʻana o nā holoholona.

ʻO nā holoholona hihiu ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻolaha i ka virus rabies pū:

• Alopeke
• Skunks

I nā hihia kakaikahi, ua lawe ʻia nā rabies me ka ʻole o ka nahu maoli. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi ma muli o ke kuha lawaiʻa i lele i loko o ka lewa, maʻamau i nā ana ʻōpeʻapeʻa.

ʻO ka manawa ma waena o ka maʻi a ke hele ʻoe i ka maʻi mai 10 mau lā a 7 mau makahiki. Kapa ʻia kēia wā manawa ka wā hoʻouluulu. ʻO ka manawa hoʻoulu pinepine ʻana he 3 a 12 mau pule.

ʻO ka makaʻu i ka wai (hydrophobia) ka hōʻailona maʻamau. Hiki i nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe ke:

• Drooling
• Ka hopu ʻana i nā maʻi
• Pālahalaha loa ka pūnaewele paʻa
• Hoʻololi ke ʻano
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• Ka nalowale o ka manaʻo ma kahi o ke kino
• Lilo i ka hana ma nā mākala
• ʻO ke kuni haʻahaʻa (102 ° F a 38.8 ° C paha, a i ʻole lalo) me ka maʻi ʻeha
• ʻAskeke mākala
• Pōpō a me ka ʻalalā ʻana
• ʻEha ma ke kahua o ka nahu
• Hoʻomaha ʻole
• Hoʻopau i ka paʻakikī (inu i ke kumu o ka spasms o ka pahu leo)
• Nā Haleluʻa

Inā nahu kahi holoholona iā ʻoe, e hoʻāʻo e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka holoholona i hiki. Kāhea aku i nā luna hoʻomalu holoholona kūloko e hopu pono i ka holoholona. Inā kuhi ʻia ka rabies, e kiaʻi ʻia ka holoholona no nā ʻōuli o ka rabies.

Hoʻohana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo immunofluorescence e nānā i kaʻiʻo o ka lolo ma hope o ka make ʻana o kahi holoholona. Hiki i kēia hōʻike ke hōʻike inā he rabies ka holoholona.

E nānā ka mea mālama ola iā ʻoe a nānā i ka nahu. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe a mālama ʻia ka ʻeha.

Hiki ke hana i ka hoʻāʻo like i hoʻohana ʻia i nā holoholona e nānā i ka rabies i loko o nā kānaka. Hoʻohana ka hōʻoia i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili mai ka ʻāʻī. E ʻimi pū paha ka mea hāʻawi i ka maʻi rabies i kou lawaiʻa a i ʻole ka wai o ka ʻōiwi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi kēia mau hoʻāʻo a pono paha e hana hou.

Hiki ke hana ʻia i kahi kaila o ka iwi kuamoʻo e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi i loko o kāu wai o ka iwi kuamoʻo. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e komo pū paha:

• MRI o ka lolo
• CT o ke poʻo

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e hoʻomaha i nā ʻōuli o ka ʻeha nahu a nānā i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻo rabies. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi i ka ʻeha me ke kopa a me ka wai a ʻimi i ke kōkua olakino ʻoihana. Pono ʻoe i kahi mea hoʻolako e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻeha a hemo i nā mea haole. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana i nā humuhumu no nā ʻeha nahu holoholona.

Inā loaʻa ka makaʻu o ka rabies, e hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe i kahi ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau pale. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma 5 mau lāʻau ma mua o 28 mau lā. ʻAʻohe hopena o nā antibiotic i ka maʻi rabies.

Loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i kahi lapaʻau i kapa ʻia he immunoglobulin kanaka (HRIG). Hāʻawi ʻia kēia lapaʻau i ka lā i nahu ʻia ai.

Kāhea koke aku i kāu mea hāʻawi ma hope o ka nahu ʻana o nā holoholona a i ʻole ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana i nā holoholona e like me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, ʻalopeke, a me nā ʻāpana. Hāpai paha lākou i ka rabies.

• Kāhea ʻoiai ʻaʻohe nahu i hana ʻia.
• Paipai ʻia ka maʻi ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana no ka rabies hiki ma ka liʻiliʻi a 14 mau lā ma hope o ka pā ʻana a i ʻole nahu.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike ʻia no nā poʻe me nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻōpala, akā aia kekahi mau hōʻike o ka poʻe e ola nei me nā hana hoʻāʻo.

Hiki ke pale aku i ka maʻi ʻōpala inā loaʻa koke iā ʻoe ka lāʻau ma hope o ka nahu ʻana. I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe mea i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hoʻomōhala i ka rabies ke hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou ka lāʻau āpau koke a kūpono.

Ke hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli, ola iki ke kanaka i ka maʻi, ʻoiai me ka lāʻau. Kū ka make mai ka hanu ʻole i loko o 7 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻōuli.

He maʻi weliweli ke ola ʻo Rabies. Inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia, hiki i nā rabies ke alakaʻi i ke koma a me ka make.

I nā hihia kakaikahi, loaʻa i kekahi poʻe i ka maʻi maʻi i ka lāʻau koʻokoʻo rabies.

E hele i ka lumi pilikia a kāhea paha iā 911 a i ʻole ka helu kūloko kūloko inā nahu kahi holoholona iā ʻoe.

I mea e pale aku ai i ka rabies:

• Hōʻalo i ka launa ʻana me nā holoholona āu e ʻike ʻole ai.
• Loaʻa i nā lāʻau āpau inā ʻoe e hana i kahi ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole huakaʻi i nā ʻāina me ka nui o ka nui o nā rabies.
• E ʻike pono i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau āpau i kāu poʻe holoholona. E noi i kāu kauka holoholona.
• E hōʻoia i ka pili ʻole o kāu holoholona holoholona me nā holoholona hihiu.
• E hāhai i nā rula quarantine no ka lawe ʻana mai i nā ʻīlio a me nā māmela ʻē aʻe i nā ʻāina ʻole nā ​​maʻi.

Hydrophobia; Nahu holoholona - rabies; ʻAniu ʻīlio - rabies; ʻAi peku - rabies; Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Raccoon - rabies

• ʻO Rabies
• ʻŌnaehana ʻōnaehana waena a me ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana peripheral
• ʻO Rabies

ʻO Bullard-Berent J. Rabies. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 123.

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. ʻO Rabies. www.cdc.gov/rabies/index.html. Hoʻohou ʻia Kepakemapa 25, 2020. Loaʻa iā Kēkēmapa 2, 2020.

ʻO Williams B, Rupprecht CE, Bleck TP. ʻO Rabies (rhabdoviruses). I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 163.