Maʻi Lyme

ʻO ka maʻi Lyme kahi maʻi bacteria i hohola ʻia ma o ka nahu ʻana o kekahi o nā ʻano ticks.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi Lyme e nā bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻO Borrelia burgdorferi (ʻO B burgdorferi). Hiki i nā kikiki ʻeleʻele (i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā dia deer) ke hāpai i kēia bacteria. ʻAʻole hiki i nā lika āpau ke hāpai i kēia bacteria. Kāhea ʻia nā ticks immature, nā nymphs, a pili lākou i ka nui o kahi pinhead. Hāpai ʻo Nymphs i nā koʻohune ke ʻai lākou i nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi, e like me nāʻiole, i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻO B burgdorferi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi inā nahu ʻia ʻoe e kahi tick tick.

Ua hōʻike mua ʻia ka maʻi ʻo Lyme ma United States i ka makahiki 1977 ma ke kaona o Old Lyme, Connecticut. Kū ka maʻi like ma nā wahi he nui o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā maʻi Lyme i loaʻa i kēia mau wahi:

• Nā mokuʻāina ʻĀkau hikina, mai Virginia a Maine
• Nā mokuʻāina waena-ʻākau, ka hapanui ma Wisconsin a me Minnesota
• Komohana Komohana, ma ka ʻākau komohana ʻākau

ʻEkolu pae o ka maʻi Lyme.

• Kāhea ʻia ka pae 1 i ka maʻi Lyme mua. ʻAʻole hoʻolaha ʻia nā bacteria i ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
• Kāhea ʻia ke kahua 2 i ka maʻi Lyme i hoʻolaha mua ʻia. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā koʻohune i loko o ke kino.
• Kāhea ʻia ke kahua 3 i ka hopena ʻo Lyme ka hopena. Ua pālahalaha aku ka bacteria i loko o ke kino.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia no ka maʻi Lyme:

• Ke hana nei i nā hana i waho e hoʻonui ai i ka hakahaka (e laʻa me ka māla, ka ʻimi holoholona, ​​a me ka hele wāwae paha) i kahi kahi e loaʻa ai ka maʻi Lyme
• Loaʻa i kahi pipi e hali i nā ticks i ka home
• Ke hele nei i nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe i nā wahi kahi e loaʻa ai ka maʻi Lyme

Nā mea nui e pili ana i nā nahu tick a me nā maʻi Lyme:

• Pono e hoʻopili i kahi tick i kou kino no 24 a 36 mau hola i mea e hoʻolaha ai i nā koʻohune i kou koko.
• Hiki i nā kikiki ʻeleʻele ke liʻiliʻi loa a aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike. ʻAʻole ʻike ka poʻe he nui me ka maʻi ʻo Lyme a ʻike paha i kahi tikika ma ko lākou kino.
• ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i nahu ʻia e kahi tick ʻaʻole loaʻa ka maʻi Lyme.

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi Lyme i hoʻomaka mua ʻia (pae 1) e hoʻomaka i nā lā a i ʻole mau pule ma hope o ka maʻi. Ua like lākou me ka maʻi flu a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Fiva a me nā anuanu
• Manaʻo maʻi laulā
• ʻEha poʻo
• ʻEha hui
• ʻEha ʻeha
• ʻĀʻī ʻoʻoleʻa

Maliʻa paha he ʻalalā "maka maka bipi", kahi pālahalaha a i ʻāpana iki paha i hoʻāla ʻia ma kahi o ka nahu kik. ʻO ka manawa pinepine aia kahi ākea ma ke kikowaena. Hiki ke nui a hoʻonui i ka nui. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻehu he mau malihini erythema. Me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau, hiki ke hala i 4 mau pule a ʻoi paha.

Hele mai paha nā ʻōuli. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia, hiki i ka maʻi bacteria ke hoʻolaha i ka lolo, ka puʻuwai, a me nā hono.

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi Lyme i hoʻolaha mua ʻia (pae 2) hiki i kekahi mau pule i mau mau mahina ma hope o ka nahu ʻana o ka tick, a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Pōpō a ʻeha paha i ka wahi nerve
• Paralysis a nāwaliwali paha i nā mākala o ka maka
• Nā pilikia puʻuwai, e like me ka hōʻeha ʻia o nā puʻuwai (palpitations), ka ʻeha o ka umauma, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka lohi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maʻi Lyme (pae 3) hiki ke hala he mau mahina a mau makahiki paha ma hope o ka maʻi. ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau ka ʻeha a me ka ʻeha pū. Hiki i nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe ke:

• ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka mākala maʻamau
• Huʻi hui
• Nāwaliwali ka ʻiʻo
• Pōpō a me ka ʻalalā ʻana
• Pilikia haʻi ʻōlelo
• Ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā pilikia

Hiki ke hana i kahi hōʻike koko e nānā ai no nā mea ʻino i nā koʻohune i kumu i ka maʻi Lyme. ʻO ka ELISA e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hōʻoia maʻi ʻo Lyme. Hana ʻia kahi hōʻike immunoblot e hōʻoia i nā hopena o ELISA. E makaʻala, akā, i ka wā mua o ka maʻi, hiki i nā hoʻokolohua koko ke maʻamau. Eia kekahi, inā mālama ʻia ʻoe me nā lāʻau ʻalopika i ka wā mua, ʻaʻole lawa paha nā kino o kou kino e ʻike ʻia e nā hoʻokolohua koko.

Ma nā wahi e maʻa mau ai ka maʻi Lyme, hiki i kāu mea mālama ola ke hōʻoia i kahi maʻi Lyme i hōʻike mua ʻia (Ke kahua 2) me ka hana ʻole ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua lab.

Nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hana ʻia ke hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi.

• Uila uila
• Echocardiogram e nānā i ka puʻuwai
• MRI o ka lolo
• Spinal tap (lumbar puncture e nānā i ka wai o ka iwi kuamoʻo)

Pono e nānā pono ka poʻe i nahu ʻia e kahi kikiki ma kahi o 30 mau lā e ʻike ai inā ulu ka ʻōpala a me nā ʻōuli.

Hāʻawi ʻia kahi mahele lāʻau o ka doxycycline antibiotic i kekahi ma hope koke o ka nahu ʻia ʻana e kahi tick, ke ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia mau ʻano āpau.

• He kikika kā ke kanaka e hiki ai ke hāpai i ka maʻi ʻo Lyme i hoʻopili ʻia i kona kino. ʻO ka manaʻo maʻamau o kēia kahi kahu a kauka paha i nānā ai a ʻike i ka tick.
• Manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻopili ʻia ke kikiki i ke kanaka no 36 mau hola.
• Hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻomaka i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau antibiotic ma loko o 72 mau hola o ka hemo ʻana i ka tick.
• He 8 a ʻoi paha makahiki o ke kanaka a ʻaʻole hāpai ʻo ia a hānai waiu.
• Ka helu kūloko o nā tick e hāpai ana ʻO B burgdorferi ʻo 20% a ʻoi paha.

Hoʻohana ʻia kahi papa he 10 mau lā a 4 mau pule o nā antibiotic e mālama ai i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi Lyme, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke koho ʻana o ka lāʻau.

• ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka lāʻau antibiotic ma muli o ke kahua o ka maʻi a me nā ʻōuli.
• ʻO nā koho maʻamau e pili ana i ka doxycycline, amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefuroxime, a me ceftriaxone.

ʻO nā lāʻau ʻeha, e like me ka ibuprofen, kuhikuhi ʻia i kekahi manawa no ka paʻa o ka ami.

Inā ʻike ʻia i ke kaʻina mua, hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ka maʻi Lyme me nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo. Me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana, hiki i nā pilikia e pili ana i nā hono, ka puʻuwai, a me nā ʻōnaehana hopohopo. Akā hiki ke mālama a mālama ʻia kēia mau ʻōuli.

I nā hihia maʻamau, mālama kekahi i nā ʻōuli e hoʻopilikia i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana me nā lāʻau ʻaloʻolika. ʻO kēia ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka maʻi maʻi ma hope o Lyme. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o kēia maʻi.

ʻO nā ʻōuli e kū ana ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā lāʻau antibiotic ʻaʻole paha he hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻino a ʻaʻole paha e pane i ka lāʻau antibiotic.

ʻO ke kahua 3, a i ʻole lohi ʻia paha ka hoʻolaha ʻana, hiki i ka maʻi Lyme ke kumu i ka huehue wā lōʻihi (Lyme arthritis) a me nā pilikia puʻuwai puʻuwai. Hiki pū nō hoʻi ka pilikia o ka lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, a pili pū paha me:

• Hoʻoemi i ka manaʻo nui
• Nā maʻi hoʻomanaʻo
• Poino nerve
• Pōpō
• ʻEha
• Pālolo o nā mākala helehelena
• Nā maʻi hiamoe
• Nā pilikia ʻike

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• ʻO kahi ʻulaʻula nui, ʻulaʻula, a hoʻonui paha e like paha me ka maka o ka bipi.
• Loaʻa kahi kikiki a hoʻomohala i ka nāwaliwali, numbness, tingling, a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia puʻuwai.
• Nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi Lyme, keu hoʻi inā ʻike ʻia ʻoe i nā ticks.

Hana i nā akaʻi e hōʻalo i nā nahu kik. E akahele pono i nā mahina mahana. Ke hiki, pale i ka hele wāwae ʻana a i ka holoholo ʻana paha i ka ulu lāʻau a me nā wahi me ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe.

Inā hele wāwae ʻoe a hele wāwae paha i kēia mau wahi, hana i nā hana e pale ai i nā nahu tick:

• E ʻaahu i nā lole ʻoniʻoni māmā a inā e pae nā kik ma luna ou, hiki ke ʻike ʻia a hemo aku iā lākou.
• E komo i nā pūlima lōʻihi a me nā pālule lōʻihi me nā wāwae pant i hoʻokau ʻia i loko o kāu mau kākini.
• E pīpī i ka ʻili ākea a me kou lole me ka repellant insect, e like me DEET a i ʻole permethrin. E hāhai i nā ʻōkuhi ma ka ipu.
• Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home, hemo i kou kapa a nānā pono i nā ʻili o ka ʻili, me kou poʻo. E holoi i ka wā hiki ke holoi i nā tikika ʻike ʻole ʻia.

Inā pili ʻia kahi tick iā ʻoe, e hāhai i kēia mau kaʻina hana e wehe iā ia:

• Hoʻopaʻa i ke kikiki kokoke i kona poʻo a waha paha me nā tweezers. Mai hoʻohana i kou manamana lima. Inā pono, e hoʻohana i kahi lole a i ʻole kāwele pepa.
• Huki pololei iā ia me kahi neʻe lohi a paʻa. Hōʻalo i ka ʻomi ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻūlū ʻana i ka tikika. E makaʻala ʻaʻole e waiho i ke poʻo i paʻa i ka ʻili.
• E hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi i ka wahi me ke kopa a me ka wai. E holoi pono i kou mau lima.
• Mālama i ka tick i loko o kahi hue.
• E nānā pono no ka pule aʻe a ʻelua paha no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻo Lyme.
• Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hemo i nā ʻāpana āpau, e kiʻi i ke kōkua lapaʻau. Lawe i ka tick i loko o ka hue i kāu kauka.

Borreliosis; Bannwarth maʻi

• ʻO ka maʻi Lyme - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka

• ʻO ka meaola maʻi Lyme - Borrelia burgdorferi
• Tick ​​- dia i hoʻoulu ʻia ma ka ʻili
• ʻO Lyme maʻi - Borrelia burgdorferi meaola
• Tick, dia - wahine makua
• Maʻi Lyme
• ʻO ka maʻi Lyme - nā malihini erythema
• Maʻi maʻi lyme tersiera

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control. Maʻi Lyme. www.cdc.gov/lyme. Hoʻohou i Kēkēmapa 16, 2019. Loaʻa iā ʻApelila 7, 2020.

ʻO Steere AC. ʻO ka maʻi Lyme (Lyme borreliosis) ma muli o Borrelia burgdorferi. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 241.

ʻO Wormser GP. Maʻi Lyme. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 305.