Diabetes

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes kahi maʻi lōʻihi (mau) i hiki ʻole i ke kino ke hoʻoponopono i ka nui o ke kō i ke koko.

ʻO ka insulin ka hone i hana ʻia e ka pancreas e kāohi i ke kō kō. Hiki ke kumu ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai e ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka insulin, kūpaʻa i ka insulin, a i ʻole ʻelua paha.

I mea e ʻike ai i ka maʻi maʻis, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo mua i ke kaʻina hana maʻamau e wāwahi ʻia ai ka meaʻai a hoʻohana ʻia e ke kino no ka ikehu. Hana ʻia kekahi mau mea ke kāwili ʻia ka meaʻai a komo i loko:

• Komo ke kō i ke kō i ka glucose. ʻO Glucose kahi kumu o ka wahie no ke kino.
• ʻO kahi lālā i kapa ʻia ka pancreas e hana i ka insulin. ʻO ke kuleana o ka insulin e hoʻoneʻe i ka glucose mai ke kahe o ke koko i loko o nā mākala, momona, a me nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe, kahi e hiki ai ke mālama a hoʻohana ʻia paha i wahie.

Loaʻa i nā kānaka me ka maʻi kō i ke kō kō kiʻekiʻe no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou kino ke hoʻoneʻe i ke kō mai ke koko i nā mākala a me nā momona momona e puhi ʻia a mālama ʻia no ka ikehu, a / a no ka mea he nui ka glucose i ko lākou akepaʻa a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko. ʻO kēia no ka mea:

• ʻAʻole lawa ka nui o ka insulin i kā lākou pancreas
• ʻAʻole pane kā lākou mau hunaola i ka insulin maʻamau
• ʻO nā mea ʻelua i luna

ʻElua ʻano nui o ka maʻi kō. ʻOkoʻa nā kumu a me nā kumu pilikia i kēlā me kēia ʻano:

• ʻAno liʻiliʻi ka maʻi diabetes maʻamau. Hiki ke hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā keiki, nā ʻōpio, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpio makua. I kēia maʻi, hana liʻiliʻi ke kino i ka insulin. ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka pau ʻana o ka hana o nā pūnaʻi pancreas e hoʻopau i ka hana o ka insulin. Pono nā injection o ka insulin i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu pono o ka hana ʻole ʻana e lawa ka nui o ka insulin.
• ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau ʻo 2 mau maʻamau. Kū pinepine ia i ka wā makua, akā no ka nui o nā helu momona, ʻike ʻia nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio me kēia maʻi. ʻO kekahi poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2 ʻaʻole maopopo iā lākou he maʻi ia na lākou. Me ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2, kūpaʻa ke kino i ka insulin a ʻaʻole hoʻohana i ka insulin e like me ka mea e pono ai. ʻAʻole nā ​​kānaka āpau me ka maʻi diabetes type 2 ka nui o ke kino a momona paha.
• Aia kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi kō, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi poʻe ma ke ʻano he 1 a i ʻole ʻano 2.

ʻO ka mimikō Gestational ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomohala i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana i ka wahine ʻaʻohe ona diabetes.

Inā loaʻa ka maʻi diabetes i kou makua, kaikunāne, a kaikuahine paha, e hoʻomohala paha ʻoe i kēia maʻi.

Hiki i kahi pae kō kō kiʻekiʻe ke kumu i kekahi mau hōʻailona, ​​e like me:

• Hihi maka
• Make wai keu
• Ka luhi
• Urination pinepine
• Pololi
• Kaumaha emi

Ma muli o ka ulu mālie o ka ʻano diabetes 2, ʻaʻohe ʻōuli o kekahi poʻe me ke kō kō.

Hoʻolālā nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 1 ma kahi o kahi wā pōkole. Maʻi loa paha ka poʻe i ka manawa a lākou e ʻike ai.

Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui, hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau pilikia ma ke ʻano he pilikia diabetes, a pākuʻi ʻia:

• Nā pilikia o ka maka, me ka ʻike ʻana i ka pilikia (keu hoʻi i ka pō), ka ʻike māmā, a me ka makapō
• ʻO nā ʻeha a me nā maʻi o ka wāwae a i ʻole ka wāwae, inā hana ʻole ʻia, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ʻokiʻoki o ka wāwae a i ʻole ka wāwae
• Poino i nā aʻalolo i loko o ke kino, ke kumu o ka ʻeha, ka ʻūlū ʻana, ka nalowale ʻana o ka manaʻo, nā pilikia ʻeli ʻana i ka meaʻai, a me ka hana erectile
• Nā pilikia kīwī, i hiki ai ke hōʻeha i nā puʻupaʻa
• Nāwaliwali o nā ʻōnaehana pale, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi pinepine pinepine
• Hoʻonui i ka manawa kūpono i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai a i ʻole hahau

Hōʻike paha kahi kānana mimi i ke kō kō. Akā ʻaʻole kahi hōʻike mimi wale nō e hōʻike i ka maʻi kō.

Hiki paha i kāu mea mālama olakino ke manaʻo he maʻi diabetes ʻoe inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kāu kō i ke koko ma mua o 200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L). E hōʻoia i ke kuhi, pono e hana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o nā hōʻike aʻe.

Nā ho'āʻo koko:

• ʻO ka pae hoʻokē ʻai glucose koko. ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi diabetes inā he 126 mg / dL (7.0 mmol / L) a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose ma nā hoʻokolohua ʻelua. ʻO nā pae ma waena o 100 a me 125 mg / dL (5.5 a me 7.0 mmol / L) i kapa ʻia he glucose kūmau a i ʻole prediabetes. ʻO kēia mau pae nā mea pilikia no ka maʻi diabetes type 2.
• Hōʻike Hemoglobin A1C (A1C). ʻOi aku ka maʻamau ma mua o 5.7%; prediabetes he 5.7% a 6.4%; aʻo ka maʻi diabetes he 6.5% a ʻoi paha.
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻaukā glucose. ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi diabetes inā he 200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose a ʻoi aku paha he 2 mau hola ma hope o ka inu ʻana i kahi mea inu kō 75 gram kūikawā (hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia hōʻike no ka maʻi diabetes type 2)

Paipai ʻia ka loiloi no ka maʻi ʻaʻano 2 i ka poʻe ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻōuli no:

• ʻO nā keiki kaumaha i loaʻa nā pilikia ʻē aʻe no ka maʻi kō, e hoʻomaka ana ma ka makahiki 10 a hana hou i kēlā me kēia 3 mau makahiki.
• ʻO nā mākua kaumaha (BMI o 25 a ʻoi paha) i loaʻa nā kumu ʻē aʻe e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko, a i ʻole ka makuahine, makua kāne, kaikaina a kaikunāne paha me ka maʻi kō.
• ʻO nā wahine kaupaona ka nui o nā mea pilikia e like me ke koko kiʻekiʻe e hoʻolālā nei e hāpai.
  
• ʻO nā mākua ma luna o 45 mau makahiki, hana hou ʻia i kēlā me kēia 3 mau makahiki a i ʻole i ka wā ʻōpio inā he ʻano pilikia ko ke kanaka.

Hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka maʻi diabetes Type 2 i kekahi manawa me nā loli nohona, keu hoʻi i ka lilo ʻana o ke kaupaona me ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai olakino. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau hihia o ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2 me ke kaila o ke kaupaona.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi diabetes type 1 (koe wale no kahi pancreas a i ʻole ke kuhi ʻana o ka pūnaewele islet).

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes 1 a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes type 2 e pili ana i ka meaʻai, ka hana a me nā lāʻau e kāohi ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō.

Pono i kēlā me kēia mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi kō ke aʻo kūpono a me ke kākoʻo e pili ana i nā ala maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i ka maʻi kō. E nīnau i kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi kumu aʻo diabetes (CDE) i hōʻoia ʻia.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka kaohi ʻoi aku ma luna o kou kō kō, ka kō, a me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ke koko e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka maʻi no ka maʻi puʻuwai, nā maʻi maka, nā ʻōnaehana nūhou, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, a me ka hahau.

I mea e pale aku ai i nā pilikia o ka maʻi kō, e kipa aku i kāu mea hoʻolako ma kahi o 2 a 4 mau manawa i ka makahiki. E kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā pilikia e loaʻa nei iā ʻoe. E hāhai i nā ʻōkuhi a kāu mea hāʻawi i ka mālama ʻana i kāu maʻi diabetes.

Hiki i nā kumuwaiwai he nui ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike hou e pili ana i ka maʻi kō. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi diabetes, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i nā ala e mālama ai i kou ʻano a pale i nā pilikia o ka maʻi kō.

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes kahi maʻi o ke ola no ka hapanui o ka poʻe i loaʻa iā ia.

Hiki i ka kaohi paʻa ʻana o ke kō glucose ke pale a hoʻolohi paha i nā pilikia o ka maʻi kō. Akā hiki i kēia mau pilikia ke hana, ʻoiai i ka poʻe me ke kaohi diabetes maikaʻi.

Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui, hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi.

• Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā pilikia o ka maka, me ka ʻike ʻana i ka pilikia (keu hoʻi i ka pō), a me ka ʻike māmā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lilo i makapō.
• Hiki i kou mau wāwae a me kou ʻili ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻeha a me nā maʻi. Ma hope o ka manawa lōʻihi, pono e ʻoki ʻia kou wāwae a wāwae paha. Hiki i ka maʻi ke hōʻeha i ka ʻeha a me ka makaʻu i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.
• Hiki i ka diabetes ke paʻakikī e kaohi i kou kaomi koko a me ka cholesterol. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i kahi puʻuwai puʻuwai, hahau, a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea paʻakikī no ke kahe o ke koko i kou mau wāwae a me kou mau wāwae.
• Hiki ke hōʻino nā ʻino i kou kino, e hōʻeha ai i ka ʻeha, ʻūlū ʻana, a me ka helu.
• Ma muli o ka ʻino o ke aʻalolo, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā pilikia ke kālailai ʻana i ka meaʻai āu e ʻai ai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka nāwaliwali a i ʻole he pilikia e hele i ka lua. Hiki i ka hōʻino nerve ke paʻakikī i nā kāne e kūkulu i kūkulu.
• ʻO ke kō kiʻekiʻe o ke kō a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hōʻeha i ka hakuʻala. ʻAʻole holo paha kāu mau puʻupaʻa e like me ka wā ma mua. Pau paha lākou i ka hana no laila pono ʻoe i ka dialysis a i ʻole ke transplant kidney.
• Hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali kou ʻōnaehana pale, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi pinepine.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kahi kaupaona kino kūpono a me kahi nohona hana e pale a hoʻolohi paha i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes 2. Inā kaumaha nui ʻoe, ʻo ka lilo wale ʻana o 5% o kou kino i hiki ke hōʻemi i kou makaʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau e hoʻopaneʻe a pale ai paha i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes 2.

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke kāohi ʻia ka maʻi diabetes type 1. Akā aia kahi noiʻi hoʻohiki e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi diabetes type 1 hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe ʻia i kekahi mau kānaka kūlana kiʻekiʻe.

Diabetes - ʻano 1; Diabetes - ʻano 2; Diabetes - hāpai keiki; ʻAno 1 diabetes; ʻAno 2 diabetes; Mimikō Gestational; Diabetes mellitus

• Diabetes - ulcer wawae
• Diabetes - ke mālama nei i kou mau wāwae
• Diabetes - ke maʻi ʻoe

• Nānā Endocrine
• Retinopathy diabetic
• Nā mokupuni o Langerhans
• ʻO Pancreas
• Pahu Insulina
• ʻAno I diabetes
• ʻO ke kahe o ka maʻi diabetic i ka wāwae
• Hoʻokuʻu ka meaʻai a me ka insulin
• Ka hana insulina a me ka maʻi kō
• Ke nānā nei i ke kō glucose - Series
• Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum - ʻōpū
• Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum - wāwae

ʻAhahui Diabetes ʻAmelika. 2. Hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi kō: nā kūlana o ka mālama olakino i ka maʻi kō - 2020. Mālama Diabetes. 2020; 43 (Hōʻawi 1): S14-S31. PMID: 31862745 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862745/.

Atkinson MA, Mcgill DE, Dassau E, Laffel L. ʻAno 1 diabetes mellitus. I: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. ʻO Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 36.

ʻO Riddle MC, Ahmann AJ. Nā therapeutics o ka maʻi maʻamau o 2 diabetes. I: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. ʻO Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 35.