ʻO goiter maʻalahi

ʻO ka goiter maʻalahi kahi hoʻonui o ka gland thyroid. ʻAʻole ia he tumo a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO ka gland thyroid kahi mea nui o ka ʻōnaehana endocrine. Aia ia ma ke alo o ka ʻāʻī ma luna pono o kahi e hui ai kou iwi iwi. Hana ke gland i nā hormoni e kaohi i ke ala o kēlā me kēia cell i ke kino e hoʻohana ai i ka ikehu. Kapa ʻia kēia hana he metabolism.

ʻO ka nele iodine ka kumu maʻamau o ka goiter. Pono ke kino iodine e hana i ka hormone thyroid. Inā ʻaʻole lawa kāu iodine i kāu papaʻai, e nui ana ka thyroid e hoʻāʻo a hopu i nā iodine āpau e hiki ai, no laila hiki iā ia ke hana i ka nui kūpono o ka hormone thyroid. No laila, hiki i kahi goiter ke hōʻailona he hiki ʻole i ka thyroid ke hana i ka nui o ka homone thyroid. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka paʻakai iodized i United States e pale i ka nele o ka iodine i ka papaʻai.

ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe o ka goiter nā:

• ʻO ke ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino e hoʻouka nei i ka kelu kelewa (pilikia autoimmune)
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau (lithium, amiodarone)
• Nā maʻi maʻi (rare)
• Puhi paka
• ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā nui loa o kekahi mau meaʻai (soy, peanuts, a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu i ka broccoli a me ka ʻohana kāpeti)
• Toiteric nodular goiter, kahi nui o ka pākana thyroid i ulu iki a i ʻole nā ​​ulu he nui i kapa ʻia he nodule, kahi e hoʻohua ai i ka nui o ka hormone thyroid.

ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā goiters maʻalahi i:

• ʻO nā kānaka ma luna o 40 mau makahiki
• ʻO ka poʻe me ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka goiter
• ʻO ka poʻe i hānau ʻia a hānai ʻia i nā wahi me ka lawa ʻole o ka iodine
  
• Nā Wahine

ʻO ka hōʻailona nui kahi gland thyroid hoʻonui. Loaʻa ka nui mai kahi nodule liʻiliʻi a i kahi nui nui i mua o ka ʻāʻī.

Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe me kahi goiter maʻalahi nā ʻōuli o kahi gland thyroid underactive.

I nā hanana kakaikahi, hiki i kahi thyroid hoʻonui ʻia ke hoʻokau i ka pehu (trachea) a me ka pahu meaʻai (esophagus). Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i:

• Nā pilikia hanu (me nā goiters nui loa), keu hoʻi ke moe palahalaha ʻana ma ke kua a i ke kau ʻana i luna me kou mau lima
• Cough
• Hoarseness
• ʻO ka luʻu ʻana i nā pilikia, keu hoʻi me ka meaʻai paʻa
• ʻEha ma kahi o ka thyroid

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolohua kino. Pili kēia i kou ʻāʻī i kou ale ʻana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka pehu ʻana ma kahi o ka thyroid.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi goiter nui loa, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ke kaomi ma nā ʻāʻī o kou ʻāʻī. A ʻo kahi hopena, ke noi aku ka mea hāʻawi iā ʻoe e hāpai i kou mau lima ma luna o kou poʻo, e luhi paha ʻoe.

Kauoha ʻia nā hoʻokolohua koko e ana i ka hana thyroid:

• Thyroxine manuahi (T4)
• ʻO ka hormone stimulate hormone (TSH)

ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e nānā no nā wahi kūpono ʻole a maʻi maʻi paha i ka pona thyroid me:

• ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka thyroid a me ka lawe ʻana
• Ultrasound o ka thyroid

Inā loaʻa nā nodule ma kahi ultrasound, pono paha kahi biopsy e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid.

Pono e mālama ʻia kahi goiter inā ke hoʻokumu nei i nā ʻōuli.

ʻO nā mālama ʻana no ka thyroid hoʻonui ʻia:

• ʻO nā lāʻau pani honeoneone thyroid inā pili ka goiter i kahi thyroid hana ʻole
• ʻO nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi o ka iodine a Lugol a i ʻole ka hopena iodine potassium inā ʻo ka goiter ma muli o ka nele o ka iodine
• ʻO ka iodine radioactive e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka momona inā hana ka thyroid i ka nui o ka hormone thyroid
• ʻOki kino (thyroidectomy) e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea āpau a ʻāpana paha o ke gland

E nalowale paha kahi goiter maʻalahi ma kāna iho, a i lilo paha i nui aʻe. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki i ka pākana thyroid ke hoʻōki i ka hana ʻana i ka nui o kāu kōmone thyroid. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hypothyroidism.

I kekahi mau hihia, lilo ka goiter i mea ʻino a hoʻopuka i kāu hormone thyroid ma kāna iho. Hiki i kēia ke kumu i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka thyroid hormone, kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia hyperthyroidism.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻike ʻoe i ka pehu ʻana i mua o kou ʻāʻī a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka goiter.

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka paʻakai pākaukau iodized e pale aku ai i nā goiters maʻalahi.

Goiter - maʻalahi; Hopena endemite; Colloidal goiter; ʻO goiter nontoxic

• ʻO ka hemo ʻana o ka momona thyroid - hoʻokuʻu

• Hoʻonui ka thyroid - scintiscan
• Kelepaʻi thyroid
• Maʻi ʻo Hashimoto (thyroiditis mau)

ʻO Brent GA, Weetman AP. ʻO ka hypothyroidism a me ka thyroiditis. I: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. ʻO Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 13.

Hegedüs L, Paschke R, Krohn K, Bonnema SJ. Multitodular goiter. I: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, eds. Endocrinology: Makua a Pediatric. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 90.

ʻO Jonklaas J, ʻo Cooper DS. ʻOhana. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 213.

Smith JR, Wassner AJ. ʻO Goiter I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 583.