Kahikina

ʻO ka maka ke nānā ʻia ke komo hewa ka maka i ka maka. Hōʻike blurred kēia mau mea mamao. ʻO kahi kokoke loa kahi ʻano hewa hewa o ka maka.

Inā ʻike mamao ʻoe, pilikia ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea mamao loa.

Hiki i ka poʻe ke ʻike no ka mea ʻo ka ʻaoʻao mua o nā maka e pelu (bias) e hoʻomālamalama a kālele iā ia ma ka retina. ʻO kēia ka loko o ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka maka.

Kū ka makaʻala ke loaʻa ka like ʻole ma waena o ka mana hoʻomālama o ka maka a me ka lōʻihi o ka maka. Kuhi ʻia nā kukuna māmā i mua o ka retina, ma mua o ka pololei. A ʻo kahi hopena, he blurry ka mea āu e ʻike ai. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka mana o ka maka e hele mai mai ke kole.

Hoʻopili like ʻo kokoke i nā kāne a me nā wahine. ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka nearsightedness e hoʻomohala iā ia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maka me ka maka mamao ke olakino. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi poʻe liʻiliʻi me ka nearsightedness koʻikoʻi e hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano o ka retinal degeneration.

Hiki i ka nalu lōʻihi o ke kukui i kou wahi ke hoʻopili i ka ulu ʻana o myopia. Hōʻike ka noiʻi hou e hiki i ka manawa i waho e alakaʻi i ka liʻiliʻi o ka myopia.

ʻIke pono ke kanaka maka maka kokoke i nā mea kokoke, akā pohihihi nā mea i kahi mamao. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Squinting i nā mea mamao loa e like me ka maopopo.

ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo Nearsightedness i nā keiki wā kula a ʻōpio paha. ʻAʻole hiki i nā keiki ke heluhelu pinepine i ka papa ʻeleʻele, akā hiki iā lākou ke heluhelu maʻalahi i kahi puke.

Eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka makaʻi kokoke i nā makahiki ulu. Pono paha ka poʻe i ʻike mamao e loli i nā aniani a i ʻole nā ​​aniani pili pinepine. ʻO ke kokoke loa e kū i ka holomua ke kū nei kahi kanaka i ka ulu ʻana i kāna mau makahiki iwakālua.

Hiki i nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe ke:

• ʻO Eyestrain
• He ʻeha poʻo poʻo (ʻike ʻole)

Hiki i kahi kanaka ʻike maka ke heluhelu maʻalahi i ka pakuhi maka Jaeger (ka pakuhi no kahi kokoke i ka heluhelu), akā pilikia ʻo ia i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka pakuhi maka Snellen (ka pakuhi no ka mamao).

ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua maka maka, a i ʻole kahi hoʻokolohua ophthalmic maʻamau e komo pū paha:

• Ana kaomi puʻe o ka maka (tonometry)
• Hōʻike Refraction, e hoʻoholo i ka kuhikuhi pololei no nā aniani
• Ninaninau Retine
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kukui lamp o nā kūkulu i mua o nā maka
• Hōʻike o ka ʻike kala, e nānā no ka makapō makapō hiki
• Nā hoʻāʻo o nā mākala e hoʻoneʻe i nā maka
• ʻIke ʻike, ma kahi mamao (Snellen), a pani (Jaeger)

Hiki i nā maka aniani a i ʻole nā ​​aniani hoʻopili ke kōkua i ka neʻe ʻana i ke kiko o ke kiʻi māmā i ka retina. E hana kēia i kahi kiʻi akāka.

ʻO ka ʻoki maʻamau e hoʻoponopono pono ai i ka myopia ʻo LASIK. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi kukuna excimer e reshape (pālahalaha) ke kōkō, e ʻoni nei i ka nānā. Ua ʻae ʻia kahi ʻano hou o ke ʻoki hōʻoki laser i kapa ʻia ʻo SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) no ka hoʻohana ma ka U.S.

He mea nui ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka nearsightedness. Hiki i ke keiki ke ʻeha i ka pilikanaka a me ka naʻauao e ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike maikaʻi ma kahi mamao.

Komo pū nā pilikia:

• Hiki i nā ulcer Corneal a me nā maʻi ke hiki i nā poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā aniani kelepona.
• Kākaʻikahi, hiki i nā pilikia o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻike laser. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke koʻikoʻi.
• ʻO nā kānaka me ka myopia, i nā manawa kakaikahi, hoʻomohala i nā detina retina a i ʻole ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa retina.

Kāhea i kāu kahu mālama ola inā hōʻike kāu keiki i kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​i hōʻike ʻia i kahi pilikia o ka ʻike.

• Loaʻa ka paʻakikī e heluhelu i ka papa ʻeleʻele i ke kula a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona ma ka paia
• Ke paʻa loa nei o nā puke i ka heluhelu ʻana
• Noho kokoke i ke kīwī

Kāhea i kāu kauka maka inā ʻoe a ʻike paha i kāu keiki a ʻike i nā hōʻailona o kahi waimaka retina a i ʻole kahi kaʻawale, e like me:

• Kukui uila
• Nā kiko lana
• Ka nalowale ʻana o kekahi ʻāpana o ke kahua o ka hihiʻo

Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻaʻohe ala e pale ai i ka ʻike maka ʻole. ʻO ka heluhelu ʻana a me ke nānā ʻana i ke kīwī ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaka i ka maka mamao. I ka wā ma mua, noi ʻia nā maka o ka dilating maka e like me ka mālama ʻana e lohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka nearsightedness i loko o nā keiki, akā ʻaʻole paʻa kēlā mau aʻo mua. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi ʻike hou e pili ana i kekahi mau maka maka e hoʻomāhuahua nei i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau keiki i ka manawa kūpono, e hōʻemi paha i ka huina o ka mamao mamao a lākou e hoʻomohala ai.

ʻAʻole pili ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aniani a i ʻole nā ​​aniani hoʻopili i ka holomua maʻamau o ka myopia - nānā wale lākou i ka mālamalama i hiki i ka mea ʻike maka ke ʻike maopopo i nā mea mamao. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui ʻaʻole e kuhikuhi i nā aniani a i ʻole nā ​​aniani kuhina i ikaika loa. E hūnā nā aniani kelepona paʻakikī i kekahi manawa i ka holomua o ka nearsightedness, akā e ʻoi aku ana ka ʻino o ka ʻike "ma lalo o" ke aniani pili.

Myopia; Kahalewale; Hewa hōʻaho - nearsightedness

• Hōʻike ʻike ʻike hihi
• ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻike maka, a me ka ʻike maka
• ʻOki kino maka Lasik - moʻo

Cheng KP. Ophthalmology. I: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, eds. ʻO Zitelli lāua ʻo Davis 'Atlas o ka Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 20.

Chia A, Chua WH, Wen L, Fong A, Goon YY, Tan D. Atropine no ka mālama ʻana i ka myopia kamaliʻi: loli ma hope o ke kū ʻana o ka atropine 0,01%, 0,1% a me 0,5%. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014; 157 (2): 451-457. PMID: 24315293 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24315293/.

Kanellopoulos AJ. ʻO LASIK i alakaʻi ʻia i ka Topography me ka unuhi ʻana o ka lenticule incision (SMILE) no ka myopia a me ka myopic astigmatism: kahi hoʻokolohua, prospective, a contralateral eye study. J Refract ʻoki kino. 2017; 33 (5): 306-312. PMID: 28486721 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28486721/.

Olitsky SE, Marsh JD. Nā mea kūpono ʻole o ka refraction a me ka noho ʻana. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 638.

ʻO Torii H, Ohnuma K, Kurihara T, Tsubota K, Negishi K. ʻO ka uila uila e pili ana i ka holomua myopia i ka myopia kiʻekiʻe makua. Ua hōʻike ʻo Sci Rep. 2017; 7 (1): 14523. PMID: 29109514 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29109514/.