Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kūlana maʻi ʻaʻai

ʻO ke kū ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai kahi ala e wehewehe ai i ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o kou kino a ma hea ia i loko o kou kino. Kōkua ke kau ʻana ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi o ka tumo kumu, pehea ka nui, inā paha ua pālahalaha ia, a ma hea kahi i pālahalaha ai.

Hiki i ke kū ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke kōkua i kāu lawelawe mālama ola:

• E hoʻoholo i kāu wānana (loaʻa paha ka liku a hoʻi paha ka maʻi ʻaʻa.)
• E hoʻolālā i kāu lāʻau
• E ʻike i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua hiki iā ʻoe ke hui pū

Hāʻawi ke kau i nā mea hāʻawi i kahi ʻōlelo maʻamau e hoʻohana ai e wehewehe a kūkākūkā i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka ulu ulu ʻole ʻana o nā hunaola ʻino i loko o ke kino. Hoʻokumu pinepine kēia mau pūnaewele i kahi tumo. Hiki i kēia tumo ke ulu a lilo i nā aʻa a puni. Ke holo nei ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hiki i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka tumo ke haki a hohola aku i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino ma o ke kahe o ke koko a i ʻole ka lymph system. Ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hiki i nā tumors ke hana i nā lālā ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻāpana o ke kino. Kāhea ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻohana ʻia ke kū ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e kōkua e wehewehe i ka holomua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia e:

• Kahi o ka tumo (kumu) a me ke ʻano o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai
• Ka nui o ka tumo mua
• Inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node
• Ka helu o nā tumors mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai i laha
• Tumor grade (pehea ka nui o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai e like me nā hunaola maʻamau)

I mea e loiloi ai i kāu maʻi ʻaʻai, hana paha kāu mea hāʻawi i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole, e hilinaʻi ana i kahi o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o kou kino. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• Nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi, e like me x-ray, CT scans, PET scans, a me MRIs paha
• Nā hōʻike Lab
• ʻO Biopsy

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻokiʻoki e wehe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā lymph node a i ʻole e ʻimi i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kou kino a lawe i kahi laʻana kikoʻī. Hōʻaia kēia mau laʻana a hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ke kahua maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ke ʻano o ka tumola paʻa ka ʻōnaehana TNM. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea lawelawe a me nā kikowaena maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻohana iā ia e hoʻokumu i ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana TNM ma:

• Ka nui o nā ʻūhā kumu (T)
• Ehia mau maʻi ʻaʻai i laha aku i kahi kokoke lymph nodes (N)
• Metastasis (M), a i ʻole inā a pehea ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i laha ai i nā wahi ʻē aʻe i ke kino

Hoʻohui ʻia nā helu i kēlā me kēia mahele e wehewehe i ka nui o ka tumo a me ka nui o kona pālahalaha ʻana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu, ʻo ka nui a me ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e laha paha.

Tumo Tumua (T):

• TX: ʻAʻole hiki ke ana ʻia ka tumo.
• T0: ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka tumo.
• Tis: Ua loaʻa nā hunaola maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole pālahalaha. Kapa ʻia kēia carcinoma in situ.
• T1, T2, T3, T4: Hōʻike i ka nui o ka tumo mua a pehea ka nui i hoʻolaha ai i loko o nā mea a puni.

Lymph aka wahi (N):

• NX: ʻAʻole hiki ke loiloi i nā lymph nodes
• N0: ʻAʻole loaʻa kahi maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node kokoke
• N1, N2, N3: Ka helu a me kahi o nā lymph node i pili kahi i laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai

ʻO Metastasis (M):

• MX: ʻAʻole hiki ke loiloi i ka Metastasis
• M0: ʻAʻohe metastasis i loaʻa (ʻaʻole pāhola ka maʻi ʻaʻai)
• M1: Loaʻa ka metastasis (ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino)

Ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai bladder T3 N0 M0 ʻo ia hoʻi aia kahi tumo nui (T3) ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia i nā lymph node (N0) a i ʻole nā ​​wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino (M0).

I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia nā leka a me nā mahele ʻē aʻe i ka mea i luna.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi papa tumo, e like me G1-G4 me ke kau ʻana. Hōʻike kēia i ka nui o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai e like me nā hunaola maʻamau ma lalo o kahi microscope. Hōʻike nā helu kiʻekiʻe i nā hunaola ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ke kanesa e like me nā hunaola maʻamau, ʻo ka wikiwiki e ulu a laha.

ʻAʻole hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā maʻi ʻōkuhi āpau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana TNM. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo kekahi maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi ke koko a me ka iwi o ka iwi e like me leukemia, mai hana i nā tumors a i ʻole pālahalaha i ke ala like. No laila hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe i ke kahua o kēia mau maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hāʻawi ʻia kahi pae i kāu maʻi ʻaʻai e pili ana i nā waiwai TNM a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa ʻia nā kanesa ʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻohe like ka maʻi kanesa kolona III me ka maʻi ʻaʻai III pae. Ma ka laulaha, ʻo kahi pae kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai holomua.

• Kahua 0: Aia nā hunaola maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole pālahalaha
• ʻOihana I, II, III: E nānā i ka nui o ka tumo a me ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i hohola ʻia i nā lymph node
• ʻOihana IV: Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi i nā mea ʻē aʻe a me nā iʻa

I ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia i kou maʻi ʻaʻai i pae, ʻaʻole ia e loli, ʻoiai inā hoʻi mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kanesa ma muli o ka mea i loaʻa ke ʻike ʻia.

Komite Hui ʻAmelika ma ka pūnaewele Ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻŌnaehana hoʻonohonoho kanesa. cancerstaging.org/referensi-tools/Pages/What-is-Cancer-Staging.aspx. Loaʻa iā Nowemapa 3, 2020.

Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Neoplasia. I: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, eds. ʻO Robbins Basic Pathology. 10 o ka lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 6.

Pūnaewele ʻo National Cancer Institute. Ke kū nei ka maʻi ʻaʻai. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging. Hoʻohou ʻia Malaki 9, 2015. Loaʻa iā Nowemapa 3, 2020.

• Kanesa