Pīpī hoʻowahāwahā ʻia

ʻO ka tuberculosis i hoʻolahalaha ʻia he maʻi mycobacterial kahi i palahalaha aku ai ka mycobacteria mai nā akemāmā i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino ma o ka ʻōnaehana koko a lymph paha.

Tuberculosis (TB) maʻi hiki hoʻomōhala ma hope o ka hanu ʻana i nā kulu wai i pīpī ʻia i loko o ka lewa mai ke kahe a i ʻole ka sneeze e kekahi mea i loaʻa i ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis koʻohune. ʻO ka hopena o ka maʻi hānai ua kapa ʻia ʻo TB mua.

ʻO ka pūnaewele maʻamau o ka TB ka māhū (TB pulmonary), akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma United States, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hapanui o ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe hōʻike hou o ka maʻi. Hoʻomohala ʻia ka TB i hoʻolaha ʻia i loko o ka helu liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​ʻōnaehana pale maʻi i ka maʻi nui.

Hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi i hoʻolaha ʻia i loko o nā pule o ka maʻi mua. I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole ia e hana a hiki i nā makahiki ma hope o kou lilo ʻana i maʻi. Loaʻa paha kēia ʻano TB inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi nāwaliwali nāwaliwali ma muli o ka maʻi (e like me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi) a i ʻole kekahi mau lāʻau. ʻO nā pēpē a me nā mākua makua ka nui o ka makaʻu.

E piʻi aʻe kou makaʻu o ka hopu ʻana i ka TB inā ʻoe:

• Aia a puni ka poʻe i loaʻa ka maʻi (e like me ka wā o ka huakaʻi huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē
• Noho i nā wahi lehulehu a haumia ʻole paha
• Loaʻa kaʻai maikaʻi ʻole

Hiki i nā mea aʻe ke hoʻonui i ka helu o ka maʻi TB i ka heluna kanaka.

• Hoʻonui i nā maʻi HIV
• Hoʻonui i ka helu o ka poʻe home ʻole me nā hale paʻa ʻole (kahi maikaʻi ʻole a me nā meaʻai)
• ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻano kūpaʻa lāʻau kūpaʻa o TB

Hiki i ka tuberculosis i hoʻolaha ʻia ke hoʻopili i nā wahi o ke kino. Pili nā ʻōuli i nā ʻāpana i loli ʻia o ke kino a hiki ke hoʻopili pū ʻia:

• Paʻi ʻōpū a ʻōhū paha
• ʻO Chills
• Cough a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu
• Ka luhi
• Fiva
• General discomfort, uneasiness, a maʻi maʻi paha (malaise)
• ʻEha hui
• ʻO kaʻili pale ma muli o ka anemia (pale)
• Hoʻoulu
• Nūhū pehu
• Kaumaha emi

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolohua kino. Hōʻike paha kēia:

• Hū palahalaha
• Nā pehu lymph pehu
• ʻLepala nunui

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua i kauoha ʻia e komo pū:

• ʻO Biopsies a me nā moʻomeheu o nā mea ola a i ʻole nā ​​aʻa
• ʻO Bronchoscopy no ka biopsy a i ʻole ka moʻomeheu
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• CT scan o ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia
• Hōʻike paha ʻo Fundoscopy i nā lehelehe retina
• Hoʻokuʻu ʻo Interferon-gamma i nā hoʻokolohua koko, e like me ka hōʻike QFT-Gold e hoʻāʻo no ka hōʻike mua ʻana i ka TB
• ʻO Biopsy Lung
• ʻO ka moʻomeheu Mycobacterial o ka iwi iwi a i ʻole ke koko
• ʻO Biopsy Pleural
• Hōʻike ʻili Tuberculin (hōʻike PPD)
• Ninaninau Sputum a me nā moʻomeheu
• Thoracentesis

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e hoʻōla i ka maʻi me nā lāʻau e hakakā i ka bacteria TB. Hoʻopili ka mālama ʻana i ka TB hoʻolaha ʻia i ka hui pū ʻana o kekahi mau lāʻau (maʻamau 4). Hoʻomau ʻia nā lāʻau āpau a hiki i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā hōʻike lab i kahi e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

Pono paha ʻoe e inu i nā pila like ʻole he 6 mau mahina a ʻoi paha. He mea nui e lawe i nā pila i ke ala a kāu mea lawelawe i kauoha ai.

Ke lawe ʻole ka poʻe i kā lākou lāʻau TB i kauoha ʻia, hiki i ka maʻi ke lilo i mea paʻakikī e mālama. Hiki i ke koʻohune TB ke kūpaʻa i ka lapaʻau. ʻO kēia ka hana ʻole o nā lāʻau.

Ke hopohopo nei ʻaʻole e hiki i kekahi ke lawe i nā lāʻau āpau e like me ke kuhikuhi, pono paha kahi mea hāʻawi e kiaʻi i ke kanaka e lawe i nā lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia. Kapa ʻia kēia ala i mālama pono ʻia i ka lāʻau. I kēia hihia, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā lāʻau i 2 a i ʻole 3 manawa i ka pule, e like me ka mea i kauoha ʻia e kahi mea hāʻawi.

Pono ʻoe e noho ma ka home a i ʻole e hoʻokomo ʻia i ka haukapila no 2 a 4 mau pule e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a hiki i kou wā maʻi hou ʻole.

Koi ʻia paha kāu mea hāʻawi e ke kānāwai e hōʻike i kāu maʻi TB i ka ʻaoʻao olakino kūloko. E hōʻoia kāu hui mālama ola i loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mālama maikaʻi loa.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā TB e hoʻolaha pono ʻia e pane maikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ke kiko i hoʻopili ʻia, e like me nā iwi a me nā hono, i mau paha ka pōʻino ma muli o ka maʻi.

Hiki i nā pilikia o ka TB hoʻolaha ʻia ke hoʻopili pū me:

• ʻO ka maʻi hanu hanu makua (ARDS)
• Hū ke ake
• Hoka maikaʻi ʻole
• Hoʻi o ka maʻi

Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau e mālama ai i ka TB i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, e like me:

• Nā hoʻololi i ka hihiʻo
• ʻO nā waimaka ʻalani a ʻeleʻele paha a me ka mimi
• Rash
• Hū ke ake

E hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hihi ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i hiki i kāu kauka ke nānā i nā loli i ke olakino o kou mau maka.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻike a kānalua paha ʻoe ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe i ka TB. Pono nā ʻano a pau o ka TB a me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka loiloi koke a me ka mālama ʻana.

He maʻi hiki ke pale ʻia ʻo TB, ʻoiai i ka poʻe i hōʻike ʻia i kahi kanaka maʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻili no TB i nā heluna makaʻu nui a i ʻole i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia i ka TB, e like me nā limahana mālama ola.

ʻO ka poʻe i hōʻike ʻia i ka TB pono e hoʻāʻo koke i ka ʻili a loaʻa kahi hoʻokolohua ukali ma kahi lā ma hope, inā maikaʻi ʻole ka hōʻike mua.

ʻO kahi hōʻoia ʻili maikaʻi i hui pū ʻia me ka bacteria TB. ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo he maʻi maʻi kou a he maʻi lele paha. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana pehea e pale ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu.

He mea nui ka lapaʻau wikiwiki ʻana i ka kaohi ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ka TB mai ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi TB ʻele i ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole i ka maʻi TB.

Hāʻawi kekahi mau ʻāina me ka nui o ka maʻi TB i ka poʻe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau (i kapa ʻia ʻo BCG) e pale aku ai i ka TB. Ua palena ka hopena o kēia lāʻau āpau a hoʻohana pinepine ʻole ʻia ia ma United States.

ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa iā BCG e hoʻāʻo paha i ka ʻili no ka TB. Kūkākūkā i nā hopena hōʻike (inā maikaʻi) me kāu mea hāʻawi.

Maʻi puʻu Miliary; Tuberculosis - hoʻolaha ʻia; Maʻi puʻu Extrapulmonary

• Tuberculosis i ka puʻupaʻa
• Tuberculosis i ka akemāmā
• ʻO nā māmā o ka limahana lānahu - x-ray umauma
• Tuberculosis, holomua - umauma x-kukuna
• Puʻu Miliary
• Erythema multiforme, liona puni - lima
• Pili ʻia ʻo Erythema nodosum me sarcoidosis
• ʻŌnaehana puni

ʻO Ellner JJ, ʻo Jacobson KR. Maʻi puʻu. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 308.

Fitzgerald DW, Sterling TR, Haas DW. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 249.