Pāholo

ʻO ka Plague kahi maʻi bacteri nui i make i ka make.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi ahulau e nā koʻohune ʻO Yersinia pestis. ʻO Rodents, e like me nāʻiole, lawe i ka maʻi. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia e kā lākou ʻutu.

Hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ahulau ke nahu ʻia lākou e kahi ʻelau nāna e hāpai i ka maʻi bacteria mai kahi koʻokoʻo maʻi. I nā hihia maʻamau, loaʻa ka poʻe i ka maʻi i ka lawelawe ʻana i kahi holoholona i hoʻopili ʻia.

Kapa ʻia ka maʻi ahulau o ka maʻi Plague Hiki ke pālahalaha ʻia mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka. Ke hui pū kekahi me ka maʻi pneumonic, neʻe nā droplets liʻiliʻi e hāpai ana i nā koʻohune ma o ka ea. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea e hanu i kēia mau huna huna i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Hiki ke hoʻomaka ʻia kahi maʻi ahulau i kēia ala.

I ka Middle Ages maʻEulopa, ua luku ʻia nā maʻi ahulau nui loa i miliona miliona o ka poʻe. ʻAʻole hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Plague. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma ʻApelika, ʻAsia, a me ʻAmelika Hema.

I kēia lā, kakaʻikahi ka maʻi ahulau ma United States. Akā ua ʻike ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻāpana o Kaleponi, ʻAlikona, Koloraka, a me New Mexico.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻino ʻekolu o ka maʻi ahulau ka:

• ʻO ka maʻi bubonic, kahi maʻi o nā lymph node
• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi pneumonia, kahi maʻi o nā akemāmā
• ʻO ka maʻi ahulau septicemic, kahi maʻi o ke koko

ʻO ka manawa ma waena o ka maʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōuli he maʻamau ka 2 a 8 mau lā. Akā hiki ke pōkole ka manawa ma kahi o 1 lā no ka maʻi pneumonic.

ʻO nā kumuhana kūpilikiʻi no ka maʻi ahulau e pili pū me ka nahu ʻana o ka ʻuku lele i hala iho nei a me ka waiho ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi nā lāpaki, nā ʻūlū, a me nā ʻīlio prairie, a i ʻole nā ​​scratches a nahu paha mai nā pōpoki kūloko i loaʻa.

Hōʻike koke ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻo Bubonic pest, ʻo ka maʻamau ma kahi o 2 a 5 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻi bacteria. ʻO nā hōʻailona me:

• Fiva a me nā anuanu
• ʻO ka manaʻo maʻi maʻamau (malaise)
• ʻEha poʻo
• ʻEha ʻeha
• Ka hopu ʻana i nā maʻi
• Pulu, ʻeha ka momona o ka lymph gland i kapa ʻia he bubo i ʻike pinepine ʻia i ke aʻa, akā hiki i nā ʻāpana lima a i ʻole ʻāʻī, pinepine ma ke kahua o ka maʻi (nahu a wili paha); hoʻomaka paha ka ʻeha ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka pehu

Hōʻike koke ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi pneumonic, 1 mau a 4 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• ʻŪhā koʻikoʻi
• Ka hanu paʻakikī a me ka ʻeha ma ka umauma ke hanu nui
• Fiva a me nā anuanu
• ʻEha poʻo
• Frothy, ʻaukā koko

Hiki i ka maʻi ahulau septicemic ke kumu o ka make ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻōuli koʻikoʻi. Hiki i nā ʻōuli ke hoʻohui pū:

• Abdominal eha
• Kahe ʻana o ke kahe ma muli o nā pilikia pili koko
• Pohā
• Fiva
• Nualea, luaʻi

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino a nīnau e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona.

ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e hana ʻia ana paha:

• Moʻomeheu Koko
• ʻO ka moʻomeheu o ka lymph node aspirate (ka wai i lawe ʻia mai kahi lymph node a i ʻole bubo)
• Moʻomeheu Sputum
• Pākuʻi x-ray

Pono e mālama koke ka poʻe me ka maʻi ahulau. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma loko o 24 mau hola o ka wā i kū ai nā ʻōuli mua, piʻi ka makaʻu no ka make.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā antibiotic e like me streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, a i ʻole ciprofloxacin e mālama ai i ka maʻi ahulau. ʻO ka oxygen, nā wai kahe, a me ke kākoʻo hanu e pono pū kekahi.

Pono e mālama ʻia ka poʻe me ka maʻi pneumonic mai nā kahu a me nā mea maʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā kānaka i launa pū me nā mea āpau i loaʻa i ka maʻi pneumonic e kiaʻi pono ʻia a hāʻawi ʻia i nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo i mea e pale ai.

Me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, ma kahi o 50% o ka poʻe me ka maʻi bubonic e make. ʻAneʻane pau ka poʻe āpau me ka septicemic a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi pneumonic inā make ʻaʻole mālama koke ʻia. Hoʻemi ka mālama i ka helu make i 50%.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā hoʻomohala ʻoe i nā hōʻailona maʻi ahulau ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻutu a me nā rodents Kāhea aku i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻoe e noho ana a i ʻole kipa aku i kahi kahi e loaʻa ai ka maʻi ahulau.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻiole a me ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi i ka lāhui rodent hihiu nā hana nui i hoʻohana ʻia e kaohi i ka makaʻu no nā maʻi ahulau. ʻAʻole hoʻohana hou ʻia ka lāʻau hoʻomāinoino ahulau ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Wahi Bubonic; Wahi maʻi pneumonia; ʻAha maʻi ahulau

• ʻO Flea
• Pāheʻe ka lele - kokoke loa
• Nā Antibodies
• ʻO bacteria

ʻO Gage KL, Mead PS. ʻO Plague a me nā maʻi ʻo yersinia ʻē aʻe. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 25th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 312.

ʻO Mead PS. Nā ʻano Yersinia (me ka ahulau). I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principal a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpikipiki, Hoʻopuka Hou. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 231.