Immune thrombositopenic purpura (ITP)

ʻO ka immune thrombositopenic purpura (ITP) kahi maʻi koko e hoʻopau ai ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā platelet, kahi e pono ai no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke koko maʻamau. ʻO ka poʻe me ka maʻi he kakaikahi loa nā platelet i loko o ke koko.

Hana ʻia ʻo ITP ke hana kekahi mau ʻōnaehana pale ʻea i nā mea pale kūʻē i nā platelet. Kōkua nā platelet i kou hoʻopili ʻana i ke koko ma ka hoʻopili pū ʻana e hoʻopili i nā lua liʻiliʻi i nā kīʻaha koko i hōʻino ʻia.

Hoʻopili nā mea ʻino i nā platelet. Luku ke kino i nā platelet e hāpai i nā mea ʻino.

I nā keiki, ukali ka maʻi i kekahi manawa i ka maʻi viral. I nā mākua, pinepine pinepine ia i kahi maʻi lōʻihi (mau) a hiki ke hana ma hope o kahi maʻi viral, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau, i ka wā hāpai, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he maʻi pale.

Hoʻololi pinepine ka ITP i nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau i nā keiki ma mua o nā mākua. I nā keiki, pili like ka maʻi i nā keikikāne a me nā kaikamahine like.

Hiki i nā hōʻailona ITP ke hoʻopili i kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Nā wā kaumaha Abnormally i nā wahine
• Kahe i loko o ka ʻili, pinepine a puni ka shins, e hoʻoulu ana i ka ʻili e like me nā kiko ʻulaʻula (petechial rash)
• ʻĀpiki maʻalahi
• Nosebleed a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ka waha i ka waha

E hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua koko e nānā i kāu helu platelet.

Hana ʻia paha kahi ʻiʻo a iwi a i ʻole biopsy.

I nā keiki, hele pinepine ka maʻi me ka mālama ʻole ʻia. Pono paha kekahi mau keiki i ka lāʻau.

Hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia nā mākua ma ka lāʻau steroid i kapa ʻia prednisone a i ʻole dexamethasone. I kekahi mau hihia, paipai ʻia ke ʻoki e wehe i ka spleen (splenectomy). Hoʻonui kēia i ka helu platelet ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka poʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ma kahi.

Inā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka maʻi me ka prednisone, hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe:

• Nā infusions o ka gamma globulin kiʻekiʻe loa (kahi pale pale)
• Nā lāʻau e kāohi i ka ʻōnaehana pale
• Anti-RhD therapy no ka poʻe me kekahi ʻano koko
• Nā lāʻau e hoʻonāukiuki i ka momona o ka iwi e hana i nā pāhuna

ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe me ITP e lawe i ka aspirin, ibuprofen, a i ʻole warfarin, no ka mea, hoʻopilikia kēia mau lāʻau i ka hana platelet a i ʻole ke kō ʻana o ke koko, a kū paha ke kahe.

Hiki ke ʻike hou aku i ka ʻike a me ke kākoʻo no ka poʻe me ITP a me ko lākou mau ʻohana ma:

• pdsa.org/patients-caregivers/support-resources.html

Me ka lapaʻau ʻana, maikaʻi ka manawa kūpono o ke kala ʻana (kahi manawa hōʻailona ʻole). I nā hihia maʻamau, hiki i ITP ke lilo i kahi wā lōʻihi i nā mākua a hōʻike hou ʻia, ʻoiai ma hope o kahi manawa ʻole o ka hōʻailona.

Hiki ke loaʻa ka nalowale a me ka nui o ke koko mai ka digestive tract. Hiki ke hele i ka lolo i ka lolo.

E hele i ka lumi pilikia a kāhea paha iā 911 a i ʻole ka helu kūloko kūloko inā kū ke kahe nui, a i ʻole inā e ulu nā hōʻailona hou aʻe.

ITP; Immune thrombositopenia; Maʻi maʻi hōʻeha - idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; Maʻi maʻi hōʻeha - ITP; Autoimmune - ITP; Helu pālāki haʻahaʻa - ITP

• Nā pūnaewele koko

ʻO Abrams CS. Thrombositopenia. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 163.

ʻO Arnold DM, MP Zeller, Smith JW, Nazy I.Nā maʻi o ka platelet number: Immune thrombositopenia, neonatal alloimmune thrombositopenia, a me posttransfusion purpura. I: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Nā Kumumanaʻo a me ka Hoʻomeheu. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 131.