Hyperthyroidism

ʻO kahi Hyperthyroidism kahi ʻano e hana ai ka thyroid gland i ka nui o ka hormone thyroid. Kāhea pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano thyroid.

ʻO ka gland thyroid kahi mea nui o ka ʻōnaehana endocrine. Aia ia ma ke alo o ka ʻāʻī ma luna pono o kahi e hui ai kou iwi iwi. Hana ke gland i nā hormoni e kaohi i ke ala o kēlā me kēia cell i ke kino e hoʻohana ai i ka ikehu. Kapa ʻia kēia hana he metabolism.

Hiki i nā maʻi a me nā kūlana ke kumu i ka hyperthyroidism, me:

• Nā maʻi Graves (kumu maʻamau o hyperthyroidism)
• Hoʻonā (thyroiditis) o ka thyroid ma muli o nā maʻi viral, kekahi mau lāʻau, a ma hope paha o ka hāpai ʻana (maʻamau)
• Lawe i ka nui o ka hormone thyroid (maʻamau)
• Nā ulu noncancerous o ka pona thyroid a i ʻole ka pituitary gland (laha ʻole)
• ʻO kekahi mau tumors o nā testes a i ʻole nā ​​ovaries (laha ʻole)
• Ke kiʻi ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi olakino me ka kala ʻokoʻa i loaʻa nā iodine (kākaʻikahi, a inā he pilikia me ka thyroid)
• Ke ʻai nei i ka nui o nā meaʻai i loko o ka iodine (kākaʻikahi loa, a inā loaʻa kahi pilikia me ka thyroid)

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau ka:

• Hopohopo
• Paʻa ka noʻonoʻo ʻana
• Ka luhi
• ʻO ka neʻe pinepine ʻana o ka ʻōpū
• ʻO Goiter (ʻike nui ʻia ka thyroid gland) a i ʻole nā ​​nodule thyroid
• Lilo ka lauoho
• Weliweli lima
• Ka hoʻomanawanui wela
• Hoʻonui i ka makemake
• Hoʻonui sweating
• Nā wā maʻamau o ka wā maʻamau i nā wahine
• Hoʻololi ke kui (mānoanoa a i ʻole flaking)
• Weliweli
• Kuʻi a hoʻokūkū paha i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai (palpitations)
• Hoʻomaha ʻole
• Pilikia hiamoe
• Ka hōʻemi kaumaha (a i ʻole loaʻa waiwai, i kekahi mau manawa)

Nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hana ʻia me kēia maʻi.

• Hoʻonui i ka umauma i nā kāne
• ʻIli Clammy
• Pohā
• Maule ka manaʻo ke hāpai ʻoe i kou mau lima
• Piʻi koko kiʻekiʻe
• Maka ʻalalā a hoʻonāukiuki paha
• ʻIli ʻili
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• Protruding eyes (exophthalmos)
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻili a i ʻole ka holo ʻana
• ʻ rhū o ka ʻili ma nā kukuna
• Nāwaliwali o nā hiʻupuʻu a me nā poʻohiwi

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolohua kino. E loaʻa paha i ka hōʻike ka mea aʻe:

• Ke koko kiʻekiʻe systolic (ka helu mua i ka heluhelu ʻana i ke koko)
• Hoʻonui i ka helu o ka puʻuwai
• Hoʻonui ʻia ka pākana thyroid
• Lulu lima
• ʻO ka pehu a me ka mumū a puni nā maka
• Ikaika loa reflexes
• Hoʻololi ka ʻili, ka lauoho, a me ke kui

Kauoha ʻia nō hoʻi nā hoʻāʻo koko e ana i kāu mau thyroid hormones TSH, T3, a me T4.

Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā hoʻokolohua koko e nānā:

• Nā pae kolesterol
• Glucose
• ʻO nā hoʻokolohua thyroid e like me ka thyroid receptor antibody (TRAb) a i ʻole Tyroid stimulated Immunoglobulin (TSI)

Pono paha i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi o ka thyroid, e like me:

• Lawe ʻia ka iodine radioactive a nānā
• ʻO ka ultrasound thyroid (kākaʻikahi)

Pili ka mālama ʻana i ke kumu a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā ʻōuli.Lapaʻau maʻamau ʻo Hyperthyroidism me hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o kēia mau mea:

• Nā lāʻau Antithyroid (propylthiouracil a i ʻole methimazole) e hoʻoliʻiliʻi a ālai paha i nā hopena o ka hormone thyroid keu.
• ʻO ka iodine radioactive e luku i ke kelepaʻi thyroid a hoʻōki i ka hana nui ʻana o nā homone
• ʻO ke keʻoki e wehe i ka thyroid

Inā hoʻoneʻe ʻia kāu thyroid me ka ʻoki ʻana a i ʻole luku ʻia me ka iodine radioactive, pono ʻoe e lawe i nā lāʻau pani honeida thyroid no ke koena o kou ola.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia beta-blockers e mālama i nā ʻōuli e like me ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai, ka haʻalulu, ka hou ʻana, a me ka hopohopo a hiki i ka hyperthyroidism ke kāohi ʻia.

Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka Hyperthyroidism. Hele paha kekahi kumu me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Hyperthyroidism e ka maʻi Graves ma mua o ka manawa. Nui nā pilikia, kekahi o ia mau mea he koʻikoʻi a hoʻopili i ka maikaʻi o ke ola.

ʻO ka pilikia o ka thyroid (ʻino) kahi ʻino loa o nā ʻōuli hyperthyroidism e hiki ke loaʻa me ka maʻi a i ʻole ke koʻikoʻi. Fiva, hoʻēmi ka makaʻala, a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū. Pono e mālama ʻia ka poʻe i ka haukapila.

ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe o ka hyperthyroidism pū kekahi:

• ʻO nā pilikia puʻuwai e like me ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai maʻamau, a me ka puʻuwai ʻole
• Osteoporosis
• ʻO ka maʻi maka (ʻike lua, ulcer of the cornea, vision loss)

Nā pilikia pili i ke ʻoki kino, me:

• ʻArrʻī o ka ʻāʻī
• Hoarseness ma muli o ka nerve hōʻino i ka pahu leo
• ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka calcium ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻōpū parathyroid (aia ma kahi kokoke o ka gland thyroid)
• Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)

Hoʻohana paha ka paka i kekahi mau pilikia o hyperthyroidism.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli o hyperthyroidism. E hele i kahi keʻena pilikia a kāhea paha iā 911 a i ʻole ka helu kūloko kūloko inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• Hoʻololi i ka ʻike
• Puʻupuʻu
• Wikiwiki, pākuʻi puʻuwai ʻole

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā mālama ʻia ʻoe no ka hyperthyroidism a hoʻomohala ʻoe i nā ʻōuli o ka thyroid underactive, me:

• Kaumaha
• Ka lohi o ka noʻonoʻo a me ke kino
• Kaumaha hoʻonui

Thyrotoxicosis; Thyroid overactive; Maʻi Graves - hyperthyroidism; Thyroiditis - hyperthyroidism; Toiterona goiter - hyperthyroidism; Thyroid nodules - hyperthyroidism; ʻO ka hōmona thyroid - hyperthyroidism

• ʻO ka hemo ʻana o ka momona thyroid - hoʻokuʻu

• Nānā Endocrine
• ʻO Goiter
• Loulou lolo-thyroid
• Kelepaʻi thyroid

ʻO Hollenberg A, Wiersinga WM. Nā maʻi Hyperthyroid. I: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. ʻO Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 12.

Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. Nā ʻōkuhi ʻo 2016 American Tyroid Association no ka hōʻoia a me ka hoʻokele o hyperthyroidism a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe o thyrotoxicosis. ʻOhana. 2016; 26 (10): 1343-1421. PMID: 27521067 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27521067/.

Wang TS, Sosa JA. Ka mālama ʻana i ka hyperthyroidism. I: Cameron AM, Cameron JL, eds. ʻO ke kaʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia manawa. 13th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 767-774.

Weiss RE, Refetoff S. Ke hoʻāʻo nei kāu hana thyroid. I: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, eds. Endocrinology: Makua a Pediatric. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 78.