Kolera

ʻO Cholera kahi maʻi bacteria o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi e kumu i ka nui o ka wai o ka diarrhea.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Cholera e ka bacteria ʻO Vibrio cholerae. Hoʻokuʻu kēia mau koʻohune i kahi toxin e kumu i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka wai e hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā hunaola e kū ana i nā ʻōpū. Hoʻopuka kēia hoʻonui i ka wai i ka diarrhea nui.

Hoʻomohala ka poʻe i ka maʻi mai ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ka inu ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka wai i loaʻa ka germ cholera. ʻO ka noho ʻana a i ʻole ke huakaʻi ʻana i nā wahi kahi e loaʻa ai ka cholera e hāpai ana i ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa.

Kū ʻo Cholera i nā wahi me ka nele o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai a hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai paha, a i ʻole ka lehulehu, ke kaua, a me ka wī. ʻO nā wahi maʻamau no ka cholera:

• ʻApelika
• Kekahi mau ʻāpana o ʻAsia
• Inia
• Banagaladesa
• Mekiko
• ʻAmelika Hema a me Central America

Hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu a koʻikoʻi loa nā ʻōuli o ke kolera. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• Pākuʻi ʻōpū
• Nā membrane mucous maloʻo a i ʻole ka waha maloʻo
• ʻIli maloʻo
• Make wai nui loa
• Maka aniani a piholo paha
• Ka waimaka ʻole
• Lethargy
• Puka mimi haʻahaʻa
• Nusea
• Hoʻopau koke
• Pāleʻa wikiwiki (ka helu o ka puʻuwai)
• "Nā wahi palupalu" Sunken (fontanelles) i nā pēpē
• Hiamoe ʻole a luhi paha
• ʻO ka luaʻi
• ʻO ka palahalaha wai e hoʻomaka koke a he ʻaʻala "iʻa"

ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e hana ʻia ana paha:

• Moʻomeheu Koko
• ʻO ka moʻomeheu Stool a me ka stain Gram

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e hoʻololi i ka wai a me nā paʻakai i nalowale ma o ka palahī. Hiki ke wikiwiki a paʻakikī loa ka maʻi maʻi a me ka nalowale wai. Hiki ke paʻakikī ke hoʻololi i nā wai i nalowale.

Kaukaʻi ʻia i kou ʻano, hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i nā wai e ka waha a i ʻole ma o ke aa (intravenous, a i ʻole IV). Hiki i nā Antibiotics ke hoʻopōkole i ka manawa āu e maʻi ai.

Ua hoʻomohala ka World Health Organization (WHO) i nā pūʻulu paʻakai i hui ʻia me ka wai maʻemaʻe e kōkua ai i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā wai. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻohana ma mua o ka wai IV maʻamau. Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei kēia mau pūʻolo a puni ka honua.

Hiki i ka make nui loa ke make i ka make. E hoʻōla hou ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ke hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka wai a lawa.

Komo pū nā pilikia:

• Ka make nui loa ʻana
• Make

Kāhea i kāu lawelawe mālama ola inā hoʻomohala ʻoe i ka maʻi wai nui. Kāhea pū inā he hōʻailona kou o ka make wai, e like me:

• Waha maloo
• ʻIli maloʻo
• ʻO nā maka "Glassy"
• ʻAʻohe waimaka
• Pākuʻi wikiwiki
• Hoʻoemi a ʻaʻohe mimi
• Makamaka maka
• Ka makewai
• Hiamoe ʻole a luhi paha

Loaʻa kahi lāʻau cholera no nā mākua mai 18 a 64 mau makahiki e hele nei i kahi wahi me ka maʻi cholera ikaika. ʻAʻole hōʻike nā Centres for Disease Control and Prevention i ka lāʻau kō cholera no ka hapa nui o nā mea huakaʻi no ka mea ʻaʻole hele ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i nā wahi kahi e loaʻa ai ka cholera.

Pono e makaʻala mau ka poʻe huakaʻi i ka wā e ʻai ana i ka meaʻai a me ka wai inu, ʻoiai inā pale lākou.

Ke hiki mai ka maʻi cholera, pono e hana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe, ka meaʻai, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ahulau.

• ʻŌnaehana Digestive
• Nā ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana Digestive
• ʻO bacteria

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Cholera - maʻi maʻi Vibrio cholerae. www.cdc.gov/cholera/vaccines.html. Hoʻohou ʻia Mei 15, 2018. Loaʻa iā Mei 14, 2020.

ʻO Gotuzzo E, Seas C. Cholera a me nā maʻi vibrio ʻē aʻe. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 286.

Pūnaewele ʻo United Nations World Health Organization. ʻO ka pepa hoʻonohonoho WHO ma nā paʻakai rehydration e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka make mai cholera. www.who.int/cholera/technical/en. Loaʻa iā Mei 14, 2020.

Waldor MK, Ryan ET. ʻO Vibrio cholerae. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 214.