Maʻi maʻi kukuna

ʻO ka maʻi radiation kekahi maʻi a me nā ʻōuli e pili ana i ka hōʻike nui ʻana i ka radiation ionizing.

Aia he ʻano nui ʻelua o ka radiation: nonionizing a me ka ionizing.

• Hele mai ka radiation Nonionizing i ke ʻano o ke kukui, nā nalu lekiō, nā microwaves a me nā radar. ʻAʻole hana kēia mau ʻano i nā meaʻino o ka ʻaʻa.
• ʻO ka radiation Ionizing ke kumu o ka hopena koke i kaʻiʻo o ke kanaka. ʻO nā kukuna X, nā kukuna gamma, a me nā pōkā pahū (neutron beam, nā kukuna uila, proton, mesons, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e hāʻawi i ka radiation ionizing. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano pāhawewe no ka hoʻāʻo a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā ʻoihana a me nā hana hana, nā mea kaua a me nā mea kaua e hoʻomohala, a me nā mea hou aʻe.

ʻO ka hopena o ka maʻi radiation ke hōʻike ʻia nā kānaka (a i ʻole nā ​​holoholona ʻē aʻe) i nā kaha nui o ka radiation ionizing.

Hiki ke hōʻike i ka pāhawewe ma ke ʻano he hōʻike nui hoʻokahi (ākea). A i ʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau hōʻike liʻiliʻi i hohola ʻia i ka manawa (mau). Kuhi paha kuhi ʻia a kuhi ʻole paha (e like me ka radiation therapy no ka mālama maʻi).

Pili pinepine ka maʻi uila me ka hōʻike koʻikoʻi a loaʻa kahi ʻano o nā ʻōuli i ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano hoʻonohonoho. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana me ka lohi o nā pilikia olakino e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka ʻelemakule ʻōpio, i hiki ke hana ʻia ma loko o kahi manawa lōʻihi.

Aia ka makaʻu no ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka mahele lāʻau a hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu ʻana, ʻoiai me nā kau haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻohe "paepae palena iki."

Kuhi ʻia ka hōʻike mai nā kukuna x a i ʻole nā ​​kukuna gamma i nā anakuhi o roentgens. O kahi laʻana:

• ʻO ke kino holoʻokoʻa o 100 roentgens / rad a i ʻole 1 Grey unit (Gy) ke kumu o ka radiation radiation.
• ʻO ke kino holoʻokoʻa o 400 roentgens / rad (a i ʻole 4 Gy) ke kumu o ka maʻi radiation a me ka make i ka hapalua o ka poʻe i hōʻike ʻia. Me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kokoke pau i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka nui o kēia radiation e make i loko o 30 mau lā.
• 100,000 roentgens / rad (1,000 Gy) ke kumu o ka noʻonoʻo koke a me ka make i loko o hoʻokahi hola.

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o nā ʻōuli a me nā maʻi (maʻi radiation nui) pili i ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka pāhawewe, pehea ka lōʻihi o kou hōʻike ʻia ʻana, a ʻo ka ʻāpana o ke kino i hōʻike ʻia. Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi radiation ma hope pono o ka hōʻike ʻana, a i ʻole i kekahi mau lā, pule, a i ʻole mau mahina. ʻO ka iwi iwi a me ka ʻōpū o ka gastrointestinal tract ka mea maʻalahi i ka hōʻeha radiation. ʻO nā keiki a me nā pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū e ʻehaʻeha loa ʻia e ka radiation.

Ma muli o ka paʻakikī e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka pāhawewe ʻana mai nā ulia pōpilikia, nā hōʻailona ʻoi loa o ke koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻike ʻana: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka manawa ma waena o ka hōʻike a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona, ​​ke koʻikoʻi o nā ʻōuli, a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā loli i keʻokeʻo. nā huna koko. Inā he luaʻi ka mea ma lalo o hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe loa o ka lāʻau pāhawewe i loaʻa a manaʻo ʻia ka make.

ʻO nā keiki i loaʻa i nā lāʻau hoʻomālamalama a i ʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka pāhawewe e mālama ʻia ia ma muli o kā lākou mau ʻōuli a me nā helu o ko lākou koko. Pono nā aʻo koko pinepine a koi i kahi puncture liʻiliʻi ma o ka ʻili i kahi aa e loaʻa nā hōʻailona koko.

Nā kumu i komo:

• ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana i nā kaha kiʻekiʻe o ka radiation, e like me ka radiation mai kahi ulia pōpilikia uila.
• Hōʻike i ka radiation nui loa no nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hiki i nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi radiation ke hoʻopili pū me:

• Nawaliwali, luhi, maule, huikau
  
• Kahe mai ka ihu, waha, gums, a me ka pololei
• ʻO ka palapū, wela ka ʻili, wehe ʻia ka ʻeha ma ka ʻili, hoʻoluliluli i ka ʻili
• Make wai
• Palehua, noho aliʻi koko
• Fiva
• Lilo ka lauoho
• Ka hoʻohaunaele o nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia (ʻulaʻula, palupalu, pehu, kahe ʻana)
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi, me ka luaʻi ʻana o ke koko
• Ulcer (ʻeha) i ka waha, esophagus (paipu meaʻai), ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū

E aʻo aku kāu mea mālama ola iā ʻoe i ka mea maikaʻi e mālama ai i kēia mau hōʻailona. Kau ʻia nā lāʻau e kōkua ai i ka hōʻemi i ka nausea, ka luaʻi, a me ka ʻeha. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā transfusions koko no ka anemia (nā helu haʻahaʻa o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula olakino). Hoʻohana ʻia nā antibiotic e pale a hakakā ai i nā maʻi.

Ke hōʻike nei i ke kōkua mua i nā mea i loaʻa i ka pāhawewe e hōʻike i nā limahana hoʻopakele i ka radiation ke ʻole lākou e pale pono. Pono e hoʻopau ʻia nā kūpina i mea e hōʻeha ʻole ai lākou i ka radiation i kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe.

• E hōʻoia i ka hanu a me ka lāʻau i ke kanaka.
• E hoʻomaka i ka CPR, inā pono.
• Wehe i ka lole o ke kanaka a kau i nā mea i loko o kahi pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hoʻopau kēia i ka hoʻohaumia hoʻomau.
• E holoi ikaika i ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia me ke kopa a me ka wai.
• Hoʻomaloʻo i ka mea i ʻāpō a wahī me ka kapa mae, maʻemaʻe.
• Kāhea aku no ke kōkua olakino pōpilikia a lawe paha i ke kanaka i kahi ʻoihana lapaʻau kūikawā kokoke inā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka palekana.
• Hōʻike i ka hōʻike i nā luna pilikia.

Inā kū nā ʻōuli i ka wā ma hope a ma hope paha o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

• E haʻi i ka mea hāʻawi mai a ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
• E mālama mālie i nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia.
• E mālama i nā hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka mea hāʻawi.

• MAI noho i kahi i hōʻike ʻia.
• Mai hoʻopili i nā hamo i nā wahi i puhi ʻia.
• MAI noho i nā lole hoʻohaumia.
• Mai kānalua i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau olakino.

Pākuʻi ʻia nā ana Preventive:

• Hōʻalo i ka hōʻike kūpono ʻole i ka radiation, me nā scans CT pono ʻole a me nā x-ray.
• Pono nā poʻe e hana ana i nā wahi hoʻoweliweli radiation e hoʻokomo i nā hōʻailona e ana i ko lākou pae hōʻike.
• Pono e kau mau i nā pale pale ma luna o nā ʻāpana o ke kino i mālama ʻole ʻia a aʻo ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi x-ray a i ʻole radiation therapy.

Lāʻau make ʻana; Hōʻeha uila; ʻAwahia Rad

• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

Hryhorczuk D, Theobald JL. Nā hōʻeha uila. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 138.

Sundaram T. ʻO ka hopena uila a me nā manaʻo palekana i ke kiʻi ʻana. I: Torigian DA, Ramchandani P, eds. Nā mea huna Radiology hoʻohui. ʻEhā ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 7.