Zoonoses: he aha ia, nā ʻano nui a pehea e pale ai

Anter

• Nā zoonose nui
• 1. Huhū
• 2. Sporotrichosis
• 3. ʻO Brucellosis
• 4. Fiva Mele
• 5. Dengue a me Zika
• 6. Leishmaniasis
• 7. Leptospirosis
• 8. Toxoplasmosis
• 9. Cutaneous larva nā mea neʻe mai
• 10. Teniasis
• 11. maʻi Lyme
• 12. Cryptococcosis
• Pehea e hoʻoili ai i nā Zoonoses
• Pehea e hōʻalo ai

ʻO nā Zoonoses nā maʻi i lawe ʻia ma waena o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka a hiki ke kumu ʻia e nā maʻi bacteria, parasites, fungi a me nā virus. ʻO nā pōpoki, nā ʻīlio, nā kikiki, nā manu, nā bipi a me nā ʻoki, ʻo kahi laʻana, hiki ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he host definitive a intermediate paha no kēia mau mea maʻi maʻi.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Zoonoses i:

• Antropozoonosis, ʻo ia nā maʻi holoholona i hiki ke hoʻoili i nā kānaka;
• Zooantroponose, nā maʻi o nā kānaka akā hiki ke lawe ʻia i nā holoholona.

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Zoonoses kahi kūlana olakino lehulehu a, no laila, hoʻokumu ʻia nā papahana āpana a me ka mokuʻāina e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i kēia mau maʻi. ʻO kekahi o nā ana ka kaohi a me ka mālama ʻana o nā holoholona laka, e paipai nei i nā kipa pinepine ʻana i ke kauka holoholona e hana i ka deworming a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā lāʻau āpau. I kēia ala, hiki ke pale aku i nā holoholona mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi a lawe i nā poʻe.

Nā zoonose nui

Nui nā maʻi i lawe ʻia ma waena o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, eia naʻe ka mea maʻamau ʻo:

1. Huhū

ʻO ka rabies kanaka kahi maʻi maʻi lele i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi ʻohana Rhabdoviridae a hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia i ka poʻe ma o ka nahu ʻana o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa a ʻīlio paha i ʻike ʻia e hiki ke hana ʻia. Ke nahu nei i ke kanaka, komo ka maʻi ma loko o ka hihi o ka holoholona i loko o ke kahe o ke kanaka a hiki ke pālahalaha aku i nā ʻōnaehana, alakaʻi i ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

Hiki i nā hōʻailona mua o ka rabies kanaka ke lawe i 30 a 50 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka maʻi, e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kanaka, a hiki ke kuhi hewa ʻia no kahi maʻi maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, i ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke kahe o ke koko a hōʻea i ka ʻōnaehana, ke lōlō o nā lālā o lalo, ka huikau o ka noʻonoʻo, ka hoʻonāukiuki nui a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana o ka huha ma muli o nā spasms o ka ʻāʻī puʻu e hiki ke hana. E ʻike pehea e ʻike ai i nā ʻōuli o ka huhū.

2. Sporotrichosis

Sporotrichosis i loko o ke kanaka he zoonosis i lawe ʻia ma o nā ʻalā a me nā nahu o nā pōpoki i pā ʻia e ka fungus i kuleana no ka maʻi. Sporothrix schenckii, ka mea hiki ke loaʻa maʻa mau i ka lepo a me nā mea kanu. ʻOiai pili nā pōpoki me ka nui o nā hihia o sporotrichosis, ʻike ʻia kēia maʻi ʻo ka maʻi wīwī pōpoki, akā ʻo nā pōpoki kūloko i loaʻa ka lāʻau ʻana a hiki i kēia lā ʻaʻole i ka makaʻu ka maʻi o kēia fungus a, no laila, no ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi.

Hōʻike nā hōʻailona mua a me nā ʻōuli o ka sporotrichosis ma kahi o 7 a 30 mau lā ma hope o ka launa ʻana me ka fungus a me ka hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi ke ʻano o kahi puʻupuʻu ʻulaʻula, ʻeha a ʻeha hoʻi ma ka ʻili e ulu ana i nā lā a lilo i pus. Inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka maʻi a mālama ʻia, hiki paha i ka fungus ke neʻe i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino, ʻo ka hapanui ka hū, e hopena ana i nā ʻōpū hanu. E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka sporotrichosis.

3. ʻO Brucellosis

ʻO Brucellosis kahi maʻi maʻi lele i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā bacteria o ka genus Brucella a hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā huna ʻana, ka mimi, ke koko a me nā koena placental o nā bipi i hoʻopili ʻia. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i ka lawe ʻana o ke koʻohuna ke hana ʻia ma o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā huahana waiū ʻaʻole i hoʻopapili ʻia, e like me ka waiū a me ka tī, ka ʻai ʻana i kaʻiʻo i hoʻomoʻa ʻole ʻia a i ʻole i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka hale paʻa a i ʻole nā ​​holoholona.

Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli o brucellosis i mau lā a i ʻole mau mahina ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana, ua like nā hōʻailona mua me nā maʻi o ka maʻi flu. Eia nō naʻe, ke holo nei ka maʻi, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli kikoʻī hou aʻe, e like me ka ʻeha o ka ʻeha, manaʻo ʻole ʻole, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, hoʻololi i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā haʻalulu, no ka laʻana.

4. Fiva Mele

ʻO ka fiva melemele kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi maʻi nāna ke ola pōʻaiapili i loaʻa i nā makika, ʻo ia hoʻi nā makika o ka genus Aedes. No laila, lawe ʻia ke kuni melemele i ka poʻe ma o ka nahu ʻana o nā makika maʻi. I nā wahi nahele, me ka hoʻoili ʻia e ka makika o ka genus Aedes, hiki ke lawe i ka maʻi ma o nā makika o ka genus Haemagogus a Sabethes a i kēia mau wahi, manaʻo ʻia nā moʻo nā waihona nui o kēia maʻi.

Hōʻike nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli o ke kuni melemele ma waena o 3 a me 7 mau lā ma hope o ka nahu ʻana o ka makika a ʻo nā mea nui ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka maʻi ʻeha a me ke kuni. Loaʻa ka inoa o ka maʻi ma muli o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi i ke ake, ke keʻakeʻa nei i ka hana ʻana o nā akepau akepau a me nā mea e hoʻopili ana, e hoʻonui ana i ka nui o ka bilirubin i ke koko a melemele hou ka ʻili.

5. Dengue a me Zika

ʻO Dengue a me Zika nā maʻi lele i lawe ʻia e nā mea ʻino i loaʻa kekahi hapa o ko lākou ola pōʻaiapili i nā makika Aedes aegypti, ka mea nahu i ka poʻe, lawe i ka maʻi, i hoʻopau i kona pōʻai ola i ke kino o ke kanaka a alakaʻi i ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

ʻOiai ʻo dengue a me Zika me ka ʻole o nā virus ʻokoʻa, nā maʻi dengue a me nā maʻi Zika i like me nā ʻōuli like, me ka ʻeha o ke kino a me ke poʻo, ka luhi, ke kuni, ka ʻeha pū a me ke ʻano o nā kiko ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻili. I ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻo Zika virus, ʻike ʻia ka makaʻu a me ka ʻulaʻula a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike i nā maka.

6. Leishmaniasis

E like me ke kuni melemele, lawe ʻia ʻo leishmaniasis e ka nahu o ka namu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka makika o ka genus ʻO Lutzomyia, kaulana ʻia ʻo ka makika mauʻu. ʻO ka mea maʻi infectious ke kuleana no ka maʻi ka protozoan o ka genus Leishmania, ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma Brazil ka ʻanoLeishmania braziliensis, Leishmania donovani a Leishmania chagasi.

Ma hope o ka nahu ʻana o ka makika, komo ka protozoan i ke kino o ke kanaka a alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōuli i hiki ke loli ke koʻikoʻi e like me ka lāhui a me ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻEkolu ʻano nui o leishmaniasis:

• Leishmaniasis ʻōiwi, ka mea i kuhi ʻia e ke ʻano o hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau puʻupuʻu ma ke kahua o ka nahu makika a i kekahi mau lā hiki ke hoʻomohala i kahi ʻeha hāmama a ʻeha ʻole hoʻi;
• Leishmaniasis Mucocutaneus, kahi e ʻoi aku ai ka nui o nā lehelehe a pili pū me ka mucosa, ka hapanui o ka ihu, pharynx a me ka waha, i hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ka ale ʻana a me ka hanu ʻana.
• Leishmaniasis Visceral, nona nā ʻōuli e loli i kahi ala maʻamau a aia paha e hoʻonui ʻia kahi ake a me nā ʻāpala, ka pohō kaumaha a hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

ʻOiai hiki i nā ʻōuli ke hoʻonāukiuki loa a hoʻonui i ke ola o kēlā kanaka, he mea nui ia i ka manawa e ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka leishmaniasis, hele ka mea i ka haukapila e hana i ka hōʻailona a hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau, pale i nā pilikia.

7. Leptospirosis

ʻO Leptospirosis kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā koʻohune Leptospira, i hiki ke loaʻa i nāʻiole, ʻo ka hapanui hoʻi. Lawe ʻia ka lawe ʻana i ka poʻe ma o ka launa ʻana me ka mimi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana o ka holoholona i hoʻohaumia ʻia, me ke komo ʻana o nā koʻohune i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka ma o nā membrane mucous a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeha o ka ʻili a hopena i nā ʻōuli e like me ke kuni, ke anuanu, nā maka ʻulaʻula, ʻeha poʻo. Ke poʻo a me ka nausea.

ʻO nā wahi o nā kahawai, nā puddles a me nā wahi kahi e nui ai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻōpala i manaʻo ʻia he makaʻu nui loa i ka haumia na Leptospira, no ka mea, i kēia mau hanana hiki i ka mimi o nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi ke pālahalaha aku me ka maʻalahi o ka maʻi.

8. Toxoplasmosis

ʻO Toxoplasmosis kahi maʻi maʻi lele i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka maʻi popoki, no ka mea ʻo ka parasite ke kuleana no kēia maʻi, ka Toxoplasma gondii, Loaʻa iā ia kona mau kikowaena waena waena, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pōpoki, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi ʻāpana o kāna pōʻaiapuni ola i loko o ka pōpoki. ʻO kēlā ala, hiki i nā kānaka ke maʻi i Toxoplasma gondii ma o ka pili pololei ʻana me nā feces o nā pōpoki i loaʻa a i ʻole ma o ka ingning ʻana o ka wai a i ʻole nā ​​meaʻai i haumia me nā cist o ka parasite.

I ka hapanui o nā hihia, he asymptomat ka toxoplasmosis, akā he mea nui ia e hāpai nā wahine hāpai i nā hoʻokolohua serological e ʻike i ka parasite, no ka mea inā he toxoplasmosis ka wahine, hiki iā ia ke hoʻouna iā ia i kāna keiki i ka wā hāpai, a ʻo ia ka hopena i nā pilikia no ka pēpē. inu.

9. Cutaneous larva nā mea neʻe mai

ʻO Cansanus larva migans, kaulana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pepeke ʻāina, he maʻi lele ia e nā parasites Ancylostoma brasiliense a Kenikini Ancylostoma, hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki. Lawe ʻia kēia mau parasite i nā feces o nā holoholona a ke hele wāwae ke kanaka me ka wāwae ʻole, no ka laʻana, hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka meaola ma o nā ʻeha liʻiliʻi i loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele, e alakaʻi ana i ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona e like me ka makaʻu a me ka ʻulaʻula o ka wahi, i ka hoʻohui me ka hiki e ʻike i kahi ala liʻiliʻi i ka ʻili, ʻo ia ka hōʻailona o ka neʻe ʻana o ka parasite.

I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka maʻi, pono ʻia e lawe i nā holoholona i ke kauka holoholona i kēlā me kēia manawa no ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia nā lāʻau āpau a lawe ʻia ka deworming. Hoʻohui ʻia, koi ʻia e hōʻalo i ka hele wāwae wāwae ʻole i nā wahi i loaʻa i nā feces mai nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki e hoʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi.

E ʻike pehea e ʻike ai inā he holoholona ʻāina ʻoe.

10. Teniasis

ʻO Teniasis kahi zoonosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka parasite Taenia sp. hoʻoili ʻia i ka poʻe e ka ʻai ʻana i ka puaʻa maka a moa ʻole paha. Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia kēia parasite ma ke ʻano he mehameha, no ka mea hiki i nā ana nui, hoʻopili iā ia iho i ka paia o ka ʻōpū a keakea i ka lawe ʻana o nā meaola, alakaʻi i ke ʻano o nā ʻōuli e like me ka nausea, diarrhea a me ka pohō kaumaha, no ka laʻana.

ʻO ke kanaka i pā maʻi ʻia Taenia sp. hoʻokuʻu i loko o kāna mau hua moa o kēia parasite, hiki ke hoʻohaumia i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaka ana i kahi pōʻaiapuni ola ʻē aʻe. Maopopo pehea ke ola pōʻaiapuni o ka Taenia sp.

11. maʻi Lyme

ʻO ka maʻi Lyme kekahi o nā maʻi i hiki ke lawe ʻia e nā ticks, i hiki ke loaʻa i nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio. Lawe ʻia kēia maʻi e ka tick o ka genusʻIxode maʻi i ka maʻi koʻohune ʻO Borrelia burgdorferi, i ka wā e nahu ai ke kanaka i ka bacteria a hana i kahi hopena kūloko i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma o ka pehu ʻana a me ka ʻulaʻula o ia wahi.

Inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia a mālama ʻia ka maʻi, hiki i nā koʻohune ke pāhola ma o ke kahe o ke koko a hiki i kekahi mau ʻōpala, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻololi i nā ʻōnaehana a me nā puʻuwai puʻuwai. No laila, he mea nui e hemo koke ka tick mai ka ʻili a hoʻomaka koke ʻia ka lāʻau antibiotic ma hope koke iho.

E aʻo e pili ana i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ticks.

12. Cryptococcosis

Kaulana nui ʻia ʻo Cryptococcosis ʻo ka maʻi nūnū, no ka mea, ʻo ka fungus ka mea e pono ai ka maʻi, ka ʻO Cryptococcus neoformans, hana i kahi o kāna pōʻaiapuni ola i kēia mau holoholona, ​​e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā feces. Ma waho o ka noho ʻana i nā nūnū, hiki ke loaʻa i kēia fungus i ka lepo, nā lāʻau a me nā cereal.

Lawe ʻia ka lawe ʻana o cryptococcosis ma o ka inhalation o nā spores a me nā hū o kēia fungus i loaʻa i ke kaiapuni, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōuli hanu, e like me ka hū ʻana, ka ihu ihu a me ka hanu paʻakikī. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka maʻi a mālama ʻia, hiki paha i ka fungus ke hoʻolaha a alakaʻi i nā ʻōuli ʻoi loa, e like me ka ʻeha o ka umauma, ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa a me ka huikau o ka noʻonoʻo, no ka laʻana. E ʻike hou aʻe i nā ʻōuli o cryptococcosis.

ʻ ʻO Cryptococcus neoformans manaʻo ʻia he fungus kūpono ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻomohala wale ʻia nā ʻōuli i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi hōʻino, e like me ka hihia o ka poʻe lawe i ka maʻi HIV a i ʻole e mālama ʻia ana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Pehea e hoʻoili ai i nā Zoonoses

Hiki i nā holoholona āpau ke hoʻoili i nā maʻi. No laila, hiki i ka lawe ʻana i nā ala like ʻole, e like me:

• Nani ka holoholona a ʻōkuhi paha;
• ʻAi nahuʻi;
• Kāhea aku me nā mea a i ʻole excreta o nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi;
• ʻO kaʻai ʻana i ka wai a i ʻole nā ​​meaʻai i hoʻohaumia ʻia e nā feces, mimi a i ʻole kuha o kahi holoholona i hoʻopili ʻia

ʻO ka poʻe e hana a i ʻole e launa pinepine me nā holoholona e loaʻa paha ka zoonosis, no laila he mea nui e nānā i nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino a me nā holoholona i mea e holo ʻole ai ka maʻi. I ka hihia o ka poʻe e hana pū ana me nā holoholona, ​​koi ʻia e hoʻohana i nā pono hana pale i ka manawa e launa pū ai me ka holoholona, ​​e like me nā mīkina lima a me nā pale maka, ʻo ka mea nui, e hōʻalo i nā haumia.

Inā manaʻo ka mea he maʻi kāna i lawe ʻia e nā holoholona, ​​koi ʻia e hele i ke kauka no nā hoʻokolohua e hana ai a hoʻomaka ʻia ka lapaʻau kūpono.

Pehea e hōʻalo ai

I mea e hōʻalo ai i nā zoonose, he mea nui e nānā i ka maʻemaʻe o ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino, holoi mau i kou mau lima ma hope o ka launa ʻana me nā holoholona a me ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi i noho ʻia e nā holoholona i nā kūlana kūpono. Eia kekahi, he mea nui e mālama i nā lāʻau āpau o nā holoholona.

Hiki i nā ticks, cockroache a me nā ants ke hoʻoili i nā maʻi, no laila he mea nui e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hale a me nā holoholona e hoʻomāhuahua ʻia. I ka manawa o ka kaohi pest, inā he holoholona kā ke kanaka, koi ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i ka holoholona i kahi lumi ʻē aʻe no kekahi mau hola i ʻole ia e ʻona ʻia e ka huahana i hoʻohana ʻia.

I ka hihia o nā makika, no ka laʻana, hoʻolaha ʻia ke aupuni e nā aupuni, e hōʻike ana i nā hana i hiki ke hana ʻia e pale aku ai i ka nui o nā makika, a no laila, ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi. E ʻike ma ka wikiō aʻe e pale aku ai i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka makika.

Paipai ʻia hoʻi e akahele i ka lawelawe ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai, ke nānā nei i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka hōʻole ʻana i ka pili ʻana me nā holoholona ʻike ʻole ʻia. Eia hou, he mea nui e paipai ke aupuni i nā hoʻolālā no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka lāʻau ʻana i nā wahi mālama holoholona. E ʻike hou aʻe i ka mea e pale aku ai i nā maʻi lele.