He aha ka lāʻau Psychotropic?

Anter

• ʻO nā mea wikiwiki e pili ana i nā lāʻau psychotropic
• No ke aha i kauoha ʻia ai nā lāʻau psychotropic?
• Nā papa a me nā inoa o nā lāʻau psychotropic
• Nā papa nui o nā lāʻau psychotropic, kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana, a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Nā ʻākena anti-hopohopo
• Pehea lākou e hana ai
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Akahele
• Nā antidepressants SSRI
• Pehea lākou e hana ai
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Akahele
• Nā lāʻau antidepressants SNRI
• Pehea lākou e hana ai
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Akahele
• Nā lāʻau antidepressants MAOI
• Pehea lākou e hana ai
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Akahele
• Nā lāʻau antidepressants Tricyclic
• Pehea lākou e hana ai
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Akahele
• Nā antipsychotics maʻamau
• Pehea lākou e hana ai
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Akahele
• ʻO nā antypsychotics hōʻino
• Pehea lākou e hana ai
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Akahele
• Nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo
• Pehea lākou e hana ai
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Akahele
• Nā mea hoʻonāukiuki
• Pehea lākou e hana ai
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Akahele
• Nā pilikia a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻeleʻele no psychotropics
• Nā launa lāʻau
• Nā pilikia pili kānāwai e pili ana i nā lāʻau psychotropic
• I ka manawa hea e ʻimi ai i ka mālama pilikia
• Ke laina lalo

Hōʻike kahi psychotropic i kekahi lāʻau e hoʻopili i ka lawena, ke ʻano, nā manaʻo, a me ka ʻike. He huaʻōlelo hoʻomalu ia no nā lāʻau like ʻole he nui, e like me nā lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia a me nā lāʻau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻole ʻia.

E nānā mākou i nā psychotropics kuhikuhi a me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana ma aneʻi.

ʻO ka Lawelawe Hana Hana Hana Hana ʻino a me ka Mental Health Services (SAMHSA) National Survey on Drug Use and Health data data i loaʻa i ka makahiki 2018, 47 miliona mau mākua ma mua o 18 mau makahiki i hōʻike i kahi kūlana olakino noʻonoʻo.

Aia kēia ma kahi o 1 ma 5 mau mākua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma mua o 11 miliona i hōʻike i nā maʻi noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi.

Hoʻopili ke olakino noʻonoʻo a me ke olakino i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki i nā lāʻau psychotropic ke lilo i ʻāpana nui o nā pono hana e kōkua ana e mālama pono iā mākou.

ʻO nā mea wikiwiki e pili ana i nā lāʻau psychotropic

• ʻO Psychotropics kahi mahele ākea o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole.
• Hana lākou ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pae o nā kemika lolo, a i ʻole neurotransmitters, e like me ka dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine, a me ka serotonin.
• Aia he ʻelima mau papa nui o nā lāʻau psychotropic loio:
  • nā ʻākena anti-hopohopo
  • lāʻau antidepressants
  • antipsychotics
  • nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i ke ʻano
  • nā mea hoʻonāukiuki
• Hiki i kekahi ke hana i nā hopena ʻino loa a loaʻa i nā koi kia kūikawā e nā lawelawe mālama ola.

No ke aha i kauoha ʻia ai nā lāʻau psychotropic?

Hoʻopili kekahi mau ʻano psychotropics i:

• hopohopo
• kaumaha
• schizophrenia
• bipolar kāna hana
• nā maʻi hiamoe

Hana kēia mau lāʻau i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā neurotransmitters e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā ʻōuli. Hana iki kēlā me kēia papa, akā he ʻano like pū kekahi ko lākou.

ʻO ke ʻano a i ʻole ka papa o ka lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka ma muli o ke kanaka a me nā hōʻailona kikoʻī. Pono kekahi mau lāʻau i ka hoʻohana mau no nā pule he nui e ʻike i nā pono.

E nānā kokoke i nā lāʻau psychotropic a me kā lākou hoʻohana.

Nā papa a me nā inoa o nā lāʻau psychotropic

Nā papa nui o nā lāʻau psychotropic, kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana, a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao

E uhi pōkole mākou i nā papa a me kekahi o nā hōʻailona psychotropics e mālama ai.

E kamaʻilio mau i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā hōʻailona kikoʻī āu e ʻike nei. E ʻike lākou i nā koho lapaʻau maikaʻi loa e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hōʻoluʻolu.

Hoʻopili kēia i nā koho nonmedication, e like me ka cognitive behavioral therapy.

ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau, e like me nā lāʻau antipsychotic, e lawe paha i mea e kōkua ai i ke kōkua o ka hōʻailona. He mea nui ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau i manawa e hana ai ma mua o ka hoʻokū ʻana.

Nā ʻākena anti-hopohopo

Hiki i nā ʻākena anti-hopohopo, a i ʻole ke kūpikipiki ke hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka maʻi pīhoihoi, e like me ka phobia kaiaulu e pili ana i ka haʻi ʻōlelo ʻana i ka lehulehu. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama:

• nā maʻi hiamoe
• hoʻouka weliweli
• hoʻoluhi

Pehea lākou e hana ai

ʻIke ʻia kēia papa ma. Paipai ʻia lākou no ka hoʻohana wā pōkole. Hana ka BZDs ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae GABA i ka lolo, kahi e hoʻomaha ai a i ʻole ka hoʻomaha ʻana. He hopena koʻikoʻi ko lākou, e like me ka hilinaʻi a me ka haʻalele ʻana.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Nā hopena ʻē aʻe o BZDs me:

• ʻūpā
• hiamoe
• huikau
• lilo o ke kaulike
• pilikia pilikia hoʻomanaʻo
• haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
• hanu mālie

Akahele

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa paha kēia mau lāʻau inā hoʻohana lōʻihi. ʻAʻole lākou e koi ʻia ma mua o kekahi mau pule.

Nā antidepressants SSRI

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo SSRIs e mālama i nā ʻano kaumaha like ʻole. Aia i waena o lākou nā maʻi depressive nui a me nā maʻi bipolar.

ʻOi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o ke kaumaha i kekahi mau lā. He mau hōʻailona hoʻomau ia e mau ana i mau pule i ka manawa. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli o ke kino, e like me nā pilikia hiamoe, ka ʻole o ka makemake, a me nā ʻeha o ke kino.

Pehea lākou e hana ai

Hana nā SSRI ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka serotonin i loaʻa i ka lolo. ʻO SSRI ke koho mua loa o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano kaumaha he nui.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Nā hopena o SSRI:

• waha maloo
• nausea
• ka luaʻi
• pāhoehoe
• hiamoe maikaʻi ʻole
• loaʻa kaupaona
• nā pilikia moekolohe

Akahele

Hiki i kekahi SSRI ke hoʻoulu i ka helu o ka puʻuwai. Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻonui i kou makaʻu no ke kahe ʻana o ke koko inā ʻoe e hoʻohana pū nei i nā lāʻau lahilahi o ke koko, e like me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal e like me ka aspirin a i ʻole warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven).

Nā lāʻau antidepressants SNRI

Pehea lākou e hana ai

Kōkua nā SNRI i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha akā hana iki ma mua o SSRIs. Hoʻonui lākou i ka dopamine a me ka norepinephrine i ka lolo e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hōʻailona. E hana maikaʻi paha nā SNRI i kekahi poʻe inā ʻaʻole i lawe ʻo SSRI i kahi hoʻomaikaʻi.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao

ʻO nā hopena ʻē aʻe o SNRI nā:

• ʻeha poʻo
• ʻūpā
• waha maloo
• nausea
• hoohaunaele
• pilikia pilikia hiamoe
• nā pilikia makemake

Akahele

Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke hoʻonui i ke kahe o ke koko a me ka helu o ka naʻau. Pono e nānā ʻia kāu hana ate ma kēia mau lāʻau.

Nā lāʻau antidepressants MAOI

Ua ʻelemakule kēia mau lāʻau a ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i kēia lā.

Pehea lākou e hana ai

Hoʻomaikaʻi ka MAOI i nā ʻōuli o ke kaumaha ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka dopamine, norepinephrine, a me nā pae serotonin i ka lolo.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao o MAOI me:

• nausea
• ka luaʻi
• ʻūpā
• pāhoehoe
• waha maloo
• loaʻa kaupaona

Akahele

Lawe ʻia nā MAOI me kekahi mau meaʻai i loaʻa i ka tyramine kemika hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kahe o ke koko i nā pae weliweli. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Tyramine i nā ʻano tī, pickles, a me kekahi mau waina.

Nā lāʻau antidepressants Tricyclic

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā papa kahiko o nā antidepressants e loaʻa mau nei ma ka mākeke. Mālama ʻia lākou no ka hoʻohana inā ʻaʻole pono nā lāʻau hou.

Pehea lākou e hana ai

Hoʻonui ka Tricyclics i ka nui o ka serotonin a me ka norepinephrine i ka lolo e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke ʻano.

Hoʻohana pū nā kauka i ka lepili tricyclics e mālama ai i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lepili kī ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o kahi lāʻau no kahi kūlana i ʻaʻohe ʻae ʻia ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA) no kēlā ʻano.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka laikini lepili no nā tricyclics:

• maʻi pīhoihoi
• ʻumeke
• ʻeha mau
• maʻi ʻaʻano obsessive-compulsive

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Nā hopena pili me:

• waha maloo
• ʻūpā
• hiamoe
• nausea
• loaʻa kaupaona

Akahele

Pono kekahi mau hui e hōʻalo i nā tricyclics. Hoʻopili kēia i nā poʻe me:

• glaucoma
• prostate hoʻonui ʻia
• nā pilikia thyroid
• pilikia puʻuwai

Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke hāpai i ke kō kō. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi diabetes, pono ʻoe e nānā pono i kāu mau kō.

Nā antipsychotics maʻamau

Mālama kēia mau lāʻau i nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka schizophrenia. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.

Pehea lākou e hana ai

Paʻa nā antipsychotics maʻamau i ka dopamine i ka lolo. ʻO ka lāʻau antipsychotic mua i kēia papa, chlorpromazine, i hoʻolauna ʻia ma mua o. Ke hoʻohana mau ʻia nei i kēia lā.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Nā hopena o nā lāʻau antipsychotic:

• ʻike hihi ʻole
• nausea
• ka luaʻi
• pilikia hiamoe
• hopohopo
• hiamoe
• loaʻa kaupaona
• nā pilikia moekolohe

Akahele

ʻO kēia papa o nā lāʻau i kumu i nā maʻi e pili ana i ka neʻe i kapa ʻia nā hopena ʻaoʻao extrapyramidal. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke koʻikoʻi a me ka lōʻihi. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• haʻalulu
• neʻe alo o ka helehelena ʻole
• ʻoʻoleʻa o ka mākala
• neʻe pilikia a hele wāwae paha

ʻO nā antypsychotics hōʻino

ʻO kēia nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka schizophrenia.

Pehea lākou e hana ai

Hana kēia mau lāʻau i ke kāpae ʻana i nā kemikolo lolo dopamine D2 a me ka hana receptor serotonin 5-HT2A.

Hoʻohana pū nā kauka i nā antypsychotics atypical e mālama i nā ʻōuli o:

• bipolar kāna hana
• kaumaha
• Tourette maʻi pale

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Loaʻa i kekahi mau antypsychotics hōʻino. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o:

• diabetes
• kiʻekiʻe pae kolesterol
• nā pilikia pili i ka ʻiʻo puʻuwai
• ka neʻe ʻole ʻana, me nā spasms Muscle, haʻalulu
• hahau

Nā hopena o nā antypsychotics atypical pū kekahi:

• ʻūpā
• kōpaʻa
• waha maloo
• ʻike hihi ʻole
• loaʻa kaupaona
• hiamoe

Akahele

ʻO Aripiprazole (Abilify), clozapine (Clozaril), a me quetiapine (Seroquel) i kahi pahu ʻeleʻele e hōʻike nei no nā pilikia palekana. Aia ka makaʻu i nā manaʻo suicidal a me nā ʻano i loko o ka poʻe ma lalo o 18 mau makahiki i lawe i kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau.

Nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo

Hoʻohana nā kauka i kēia mau lāʻau e mālama i ke kaumaha a me nā maʻi ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ka maʻi bipolar.

Pehea lākou e hana ai

ʻO ke ala kikoʻī e hana ai i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻike ʻole. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi ua hoʻomalie kēia mau lāʻau i nā wahi kikoʻī o ka lolo e hāʻawi i ka loli o ka naʻau o ka maʻi bipolar a me nā kūlana e pili ana.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Nā hopena o nā ʻano stabilizers

• ʻūpā
• nausea
• ka luaʻi
• luhi
• pilikia ʻōpū

Akahele

Wehe nā puʻupaʻa i ka lithium mai ke kino, no laila e nānā pinepine ʻia nā hana a me nā pae o ka lithium. Inā loaʻa ʻole iā ʻoe kahi hana kīwī maikaʻi ʻole, pono paha i kāu kauka e hoʻoponopono i kāu lāʻau.

Nā mea hoʻonāukiuki

Mālama nui kēia mau lāʻau i ka maʻi hyperactivity deficit (ADHD).

Pehea lākou e hana ai

Hoʻonui nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka dopamine a me ka norepinephrine i ka lolo. Hiki i ke kino ke hoʻomohala i ka hilinaʻi inā hoʻohana lōʻihi.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao

ʻO nā hopena ʻē aʻe o nā stimulant:

• nā pilikia me ka hiamoe
• ʻai ʻilihune
• Kaumaha emi

Akahele

Hiki i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ke hoʻonui i ka helu o ka puʻuwai a me ke kahe o ke koko. ʻAʻole paha lākou ka koho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā he puʻuwai a i ʻole ke kaomi koko.

Nā pilikia a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻeleʻele no psychotropics

Koi ka FDA no kekahi mau lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​papa o nā lāʻau. Hiki i kēia mau mea no nā kumu nui ʻekolu:

1. Pono e kaupaona ʻia ka makaʻu o ka hopena weliweli ma mua o kāna pono ma mua o ka hoʻohana.
2. Pono ʻia kahi hoʻoponopono ʻana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe palekana.
3. ʻO kahi hui kūikawā o ka poʻe, e like me nā keiki a i ʻole nā ​​wahine hāpai, pono paha i kahi nānā kūikawā no ka hoʻohana palekana.

Eia kekahi mau lāʻau a me nā papa me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pahu. ʻAʻole kēia kahi papa inoa piha o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo. E nīnau mau i kāu kauka a kauka paha e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao lāʻau a me nā pilikia.

• ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ʻo Aripiprazole (Abilify) a me quetiapine (Seroquel) no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia mea ma lalo o 18 mau makahiki ma muli o ka hopena o nā manaʻo suicidal a me ka lawena.
• Hoʻohana ka lāʻau Antipsychotic i nā mākua makua me ka psychosis pili i ka dementia hiki ke hoʻonui i ka make o ka make.
• Hiki i nā Antidepressants ke hōʻeha i nā manaʻo suicidal a me ka lawena i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio.
• Hiki i nā lāʻau stimulant ke kumu i ka hilinaʻi a me ka hoʻōla.
• ʻO Benzodiazepines i lawe ʻia me nā lāʻau opioid hiki ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka overdose.
• Hiki iā Clozapine (Clozaril) ke hana i ka agranulositosis, kahi maʻi koko koʻikoʻi. Pono ʻoe e hana i ke koko e nānā i kāu helu ʻulaʻula keokeo. Hiki iā ia ke kumu i ka hopu ʻana a me nā pilikia puʻuwai a me ka hanu ʻana, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.

Hōʻalo i ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i nā lāʻau psychotropic me ka waiʻona. ʻO kekahi mau papa, e like me BZDs, antidepressants, a me nā lāʻau antipsychotic, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hopena sedating me ka waiʻona. Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā pilikia me ke kaulike, ka ʻike, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻolohi a kū hoʻi i ka hanu ʻana, kahi e hoʻoweliweli nei paha i ke ola.

Nā launa lāʻau

He nui ka launa pū ʻana o nā lāʻau Psychotropic me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, nā meaʻai, nā wai ʻona, a me nā huahana over-the-counter (OTC). E haʻi mau i kāu kauka a me ka kauka i nā lāʻau a pau a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha āu e lawe nei e hōʻalo i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.

Hoʻopili nā lāʻau stimulant e like me ka amphetamine me:

• SSRIs
• SNRIs
• MAOI
• paikikala
• likiuma

Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia mau lāʻau ke kumu i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo serotonin syndrome. Inā pono ʻoe e lawe i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻelua, e hoʻololi kāu kauka i nā lāʻau e hōʻalo ai i nā pilina maikaʻi ʻole.

• Nā keiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hopena o kekahi mau lāʻau psychotropic i nā hopena a nā keiki a ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ʻo FDA no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā keiki. E kūkākūkā kāu kauka i nā pilikia a me nā pono o nā lāʻau kikoʻī.
• Hapai keiki. Loaʻa ka palena o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻohana o psychotropics i ka wā hāpai. Pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia nā pono a me nā pilikia no kēlā me kēia kanaka a me kēlā me kēia lāʻau. Kūpono kekahi mau lāʻau, e like me BZDs a me lithium, i ka wā hāpai. Hiki i kekahi SSRI ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka hānau hānau. Hoʻohana ka SNRI i ka 2nd trimester hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i nā hōʻailona haʻalele i nā pēpē. Pono e nānā pono kāu kauka iā ʻoe a me kāu pēpē inā ʻoe e hoʻohana ana i kekahi psychotropics.
• Nā mākua makua. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau ke lōʻihi aku no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o kou kino inā ʻaʻole holo pono kāu ake a me kou puʻupaʻa. Ke lawe nei paha ʻoe i nā lāʻau aʻe, i hiki ke launa a hoʻonui paha i ka hopena o nā hopena a i ʻole nā ​​hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Pono paha kāu lāʻau e hoʻoponopono. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā lāʻau hou, e kūkākūkā e kūkākūkā i kāu mau lāʻau āpau, e like me nā lāʻau a me nā mea hoʻopili OTC, me kāu kauka.

Nā pilikia pili kānāwai e pili ana i nā lāʻau psychotropic

ʻO nā BZD a me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ka mea i kaohi ʻia no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka hilinaʻi a loaʻa i ka hiki no ka hoʻohana hewa ʻole.

Mai hoʻokaʻawale a kūʻai aku paha i kāu lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia. Aia nā hoʻopaʻi pekelala no ke kūʻai aku ʻana a kūʻai hewa paha i kēia mau lāʻau.

Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke kumu i ka hilinaʻi a alakaʻi i nā maʻi hoʻohana lāʻau.

Inā pilikia paha ʻoe a i ʻole mea aloha paha iā ʻoe iho, e kiʻi i ka National Suicide Prevent Lifeline ma 800-273-TALK no ke kōkua.

No ke kākoʻo a aʻo hou e pili ana i nā maʻi hoʻohana lāʻau, e kiʻi i kēia mau ʻoihana.

• Nā Inoa ʻIlikia Anonymous (NA)
• National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
• ʻO ka hoʻomāinoino lawelawe mālama ola kino a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lawelawe olakino noʻonoʻo (SAMHSA)

I ka manawa hea e ʻimi ai i ka mālama pilikia

Hiki i nā lāʻau psychotropic ke loaʻa i nā hopena koʻikoʻi. I kekahi poʻe, hiki i nā hopena hopena ke koʻikoʻi.

Kāhea koke i kāu kauka a i ʻole 911 inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau ʻōuli.

• ke piʻi nei kou mau ʻōuli ʻino (kaumaha, hopohopo, mania)
• manaʻo o ka pepehi kanaka
• hoʻouka weliweli
• hoohaunaele
• hoʻomaha ʻole
• ʻōlohelohe
• hoʻonui i ka helu o ka puʻuwai a me ke kahe o ke koko
• huhū, huhū, kolohe
• hana impulsively a me nā hoʻololi keu o ka lawena
• ka hopu ʻana

Ke laina lalo

Uhi nā Psychotropics i kahi mahele nui loa o nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hōʻailona.

Hana lākou āpau i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pae neurotransmitter e kōkua iā ʻoe e hōʻoluʻolu.

ʻO ka lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka e pili ana i nā kumu he nui, e like me kou mau makahiki, nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe āu, nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe āu e hoʻohana nei, a me kāu mōʻaukala o ka wā i hala.

ʻAʻole holo pono nā lāʻau āpau. Lawe kekahi i ka manawa. E ahonui, a kamaʻilio pū me kāu kauka inā e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāu mau ʻōuli.

Kūkākūkā i nā koho lapaʻau a pau, e like me ka ʻike behavioral therapy, me kāu mea mālama ola e hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻolālā mālama maikaʻi nāu.