He aha kāu e ʻike ai e pili ana iā V / Q Mismatch

Anter

• Hōʻike Overview
• He aha ka manaʻo o V / Q mismatch
• Nā kumu kūlike ʻole o V / Q
• ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi (COPD)
• Asthma
• Pulumonia
• Bronchitis maʻi
• Edema pulmonary
• Pāpale alanui
• Embolism pulmonary
• Kūlike ʻole ʻo V / Q i nā kumu pilikia
• Ke ana ʻana i ka lakio V / Q
• Hoʻolapa kūlike ʻole V / Q
• Lawe aku

Hōʻike Overview

I ka lakio V / Q, kū ka V no ka ea, ʻo ia ka ea āu e hanu ai. Hele ka oxygen i loko o ka alveoli a puka nā carbon dioxide. ʻO Alveoli nā ʻeke ea liʻiliʻi ma ka hopena o kāu mau bronchioles, ʻo ia kāu mau paipu air liʻiliʻi.

Q, ʻoiai, kū no ka perfusion, ʻo ia ke kahe o ke koko. Hele ke koko Deoxygenated mai kou puʻuwai i nā capillaries pulmonary, ʻo ia nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi. Mai laila mai, puka ka carbon dioxide i kou koko ma o ka alveoli a komo ka oxygen i loko.

ʻO ka lakio V / Q ka nui o ka ea i hiki i kāu alveoli i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka nui o ke kahe o ke koko i nā capillaries i kou mau māmā.

Ke holo pono nei kāu mau māmā, 4 lita o ka ea e komo i kāu wahi hanu ʻoiai 5 liters o ke koko e hele i waena o kāu capillaries i kēlā me kēia minuke no ka lakio V / Q o 0.8. Kāhea ʻia kahi helu ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole lalo i kahi mismatch V / Q.

He aha ka manaʻo o V / Q mismatch

Hana hewa ʻole ʻo V / Q ke loaʻa kahi ʻāpana o kou māmā i ka oxygen me ka ʻole o ke kahe o ke koko a me ke kahe o ke koko me ka ʻole o ka oxygen. Hana kēia inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi alaloa kūpikipiki, e like me ke ʻeke ʻana, a inā he kīʻaha koko kou i keakea ʻia, e like me ke kōkō ʻana o ke koko i kou māmā. Hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi ʻano olakino e lawe iā ʻoe i ka ea akā ʻaʻole lawe i ka oxygen, a i ʻole lawe mai i ke koko akā ʻaʻole e kiʻi i ka oxygen.

Hiki i kahi V / Q mismatch ke kumu i ka hypoxemia, kahi haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen i loko o kou koko. ʻO ka lawa ʻole o ka oxygen o ke koko e hiki ai ke holo i ka hanu ʻole.

Nā kumu kūlike ʻole o V / Q

ʻO kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻopili i ka hiki i kou kino ke hāʻawi i ka nui o ka oxygen i kou koko e hiki ai i kahi V / Q mismatch.

ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi (COPD)

ʻO COPD kahi maʻi maʻi mumū mau e ālai i ke kahe o ke ea i kou mau māmā. Hoʻopili ia ma mua o ka poʻe ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka Emphysema a me ka bronchitis maʻi mau nā kūlana maʻamau e pili pū ana me COPD. Nui nā poʻe me COPD i ʻelua. ʻO ke kumu maʻamau o ka COPD ka uahi paka. Hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i ka wā lōʻihi i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki kemika i COPD.

Hoʻonui ka COPD i kou makaʻi no nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili ana i nā akemāmā a me ka puʻuwai, e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā maʻi puʻuwai.

ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona me:

• paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana
• ʻūhā mau
• ʻūhā
• ʻoi aku ka hana mucus

Asthma

ʻO Asthma kahi ʻano e hoʻoheheʻe a hāiki hoʻi i kāu mau ala kaʻa. He kūlana maʻamau ia e hoʻopili ai ma kahi o 1 i ka 13 mau kānaka.

ʻAʻole maopopo ka poʻe loea i ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kekahi poʻe i ka hānō, akā he mea nui nā kaiapuni a me nā genetics. Hiki ke hoʻomaka ʻia ʻo Asthma e nā mea he nui, me nā lāʻau āpau e like me:

• pollen
• punahelu
• nā maʻi hanu
• haumia ea, e like me ka uahi paka

Hiki ke loli i nā ʻōuli mai ke akahai a i ʻole koʻikoʻi:

• pokole o ka hanu
• paʻa paʻa o ka umauma
• ʻūhā
• ʻūhā

Pulumonia

ʻO ka maʻi Ponia he maʻi maʻi maʻi i hiki ke loaʻa ʻia e nā koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​fungus. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopiha i ka alveoli me ka wai a i ʻole ka pā, e paʻakikī ai iā ʻoe e hanu.

Hiki ke loli ke ʻano mai ke akahai a i ke koʻikoʻi, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kumu a me nā kumu e like me kou makahiki a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka poʻe ma luna o nā makahiki 65, ka poʻe me nā ʻano puʻuwai, a me ka poʻe me ka ʻōnaehana pale pale i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia no ka maʻi ponia nui.

Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōnaehana pneumonia:

• paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana
• puʻu me ka phlegm
• ke kuni a me ka haʻalulu

Bronchitis maʻi

ʻO Bronchitis ka mumū o ka pale o kāu mau paipu bronchial. Hāpai nā paipu bronchial i ka ea i a mai kou mau māmā.

ʻAʻole like me ka bronchitis huehue e hiki koke mai ana, ulu ka bronchitis maʻi mau ma kahi o ka manawa a kumu i nā hanana hou i hiki ke hala i mau mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki. ʻO ka hopena o ka mumū mau i hopena i ka nui o ka mucus buildup i kāu mau alaloa, i pale ai i ka lele ʻana o ka ea a i waho o kou mau māmā a hoʻomau i ka ʻino. ʻO ka poʻe he nui me ka bronchitis mau e hoʻomohala i ka empysema a me COPD.

Nā ʻōuli o ka bronchitis maʻi mau:

• ʻūhā mau
• mānoanoa, hoʻoliʻiliʻi mucus
• pokole o ka hanu
• ʻūhā
• ʻeha ka umauma

Edema pulmonary

ʻO ka edema pulmonary, ka mea i ʻike ʻia he pulmonary congestion a i ʻole ʻo ke kūpikipiki, kahi ʻano i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nui o ka wai i nā akemāmā. Hoʻopilikia ka wai i ka hiki i kou kino ke loaʻa ka lawa o ka oxygen i kou kahena koko.

Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia e nā pilikia puʻuwai, e like me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai kūpikipiki, akā hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia e ka trauma i ka umauma, ka niumonia, a me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā toxins a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā hōʻailona me:

• hanu ke moe i lalo e hoʻomaikaʻi ke noho ʻoe i luna
• pōkole o ka hanu ma ka hoʻoikaika ʻana
• ʻūhā
• ke kaupaona wikiwiki ʻana, keu hoʻi i nā wāwae
• luhi

Pāpale alanui

He ālai ʻia ke Alanui Alanui o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o kāu alaloa. Hiki ke kumu ʻia e ka ale ʻana a i ʻole ka hanu ʻana i kahi mea haole, a i ʻole:

• anaphylaxis
• pehu leo ​​leo
• hōʻeha a hōʻeha paha i ke ala ea
• hoʻoulu uahi
• pehu o ka ʻāʻī, tonsil, a i ʻole alelo

Hiki ke akahai i ke kahamaha o ke ala, ke pale wale nei i kekahi kahe o ka ea, i lawa ka ikaika e hiki ai i kahi paʻa holoʻokoʻa, kahi pilikia olakino.

Embolism pulmonary

ʻO ke embolism pulmonary kahi hui koko i nā akemāmā. Kāki ʻia kahi kahe o ke koko i ke kahe o ke koko, kahi e hōʻino ai i ka māmā a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia lākou e ka thrombosis aa hohonu, ʻo ia nā kahe koko e hoʻomaka i nā uaua i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, pinepine ka wāwae. Hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia ke kōkō koko e ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana i nā kīʻaha koko, nā kūlana olakino, a me ka hana ʻole no nā wā lōʻihi.

ʻO ka hanu, ka ʻeha o ka umauma, a me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai ʻole he mau hōʻailona maʻamau.

Kūlike ʻole ʻo V / Q i nā kumu pilikia

Hoʻonui ka mea aʻe i kāu makaʻala no ka hoʻokūkū V / Q:

• kahi maʻi hanu, e like me ka niumonia
• kahi kūlana lung, e like me COPD a i ʻole hānō
• he kūlana puʻuwai
• puhipaka
• pāʻālua hiamoe ʻaʻano

Ke ana ʻana i ka lakio V / Q

Ana ʻia ka lākiō V / Q me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hōʻike i kapa ʻia ka pulmonary ventilation / perfusion scan. Pili ia i kahi moʻo o ʻelua mau scans: kahi e ana i ka maikaʻi o ke kahe o ke ea ma o kou mau māmā a ʻo kekahi e hōʻike i kahi e kahe ana ke koko i kāu mau māmā.

Pili ka hoʻāʻo i kahi kuʻi ʻana o kahi mea radioactive e ʻākoakoa i nā wahi o ke kahe lewa a i ʻole ke kahe o ke koko. E hōʻike ʻia kēia i nā kiʻi i hana ʻia e kahi ʻano scanner kūikawā.

Hoʻolapa kūlike ʻole V / Q

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no V / Q mismatch e hoʻopili i ke kumu. Hoʻopili paha kēia:

• bronchodilators
• inhalous corticosteroids
• ʻōnaehana oxygen
• steroid ʻohe waha
• antibiotic
• pulmonary rehabilitation therapy
• lahilahi koko
• ʻoki kino

Lawe aku

Pono ʻoe i ka nui o ka oxygen a me ke kahe o ke koko e hanu ai. ʻO nā mea āpau e hoʻopilikia i kēia kaulike hiki ke hoʻokumu i kahi V / Q mismatch. ʻO ka hanu, ʻoiai inā akahai, e loiloi ʻia e ke kauka. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kumu hewa V / Q hiki ke hoʻokele a mālama ʻia paha, ʻoiai he mea nui ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa.

Inā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e ʻike i ka pōkole o ka hanu a me ka ʻeha o ka umauma, e mālama koke i ka mālama olakino.