He aha ka Ubiquitin a no ke aha he mea nui?

Anter

• Nā pūnaewele eukaryotic
• He aha ka hana a ubiquitin?
• No ke aha he mea nui ka ubiquitin?
• Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ubiquitin e mālama ai i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe?
• ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

ʻO Ubiquitin kahi liʻiliʻi, 76-amino acid, protein protein i ʻike ʻia ma 1975. Aia ia i loko o nā pūnaewele eukaryotic āpau, ke kuhikuhi nei i ka neʻe ʻana o nā protein i loko o ke kele, ke komo pū nei i ka synthesist o nā proteins hou a me ka luku ʻia o nā protein kīnā ʻole.

Nā pūnaewele eukaryotic

Loaʻa i nā hunaola eukaryotic āpau me ke kaʻina amino acid like, ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo ubiquitin e ka evolution. ʻO nā hunaola ʻo Eukaryotic, i kūʻē i nā hunaola prokaryotic, paʻakikī a piha i ka nucleus a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka hana loea, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā membrane.

Hana nā pūnaewele Eukaryotic i nā mea kanu, fungi, a me nā holoholona, ​​ʻoiai ʻo nā hunaola prokaryotic e hana i nā meaola maʻalahi e like me ka bacteria.

He aha ka hana a ubiquitin?

Kūkulu nā pūnaewele i kou kino a wāwahi i nā protein i kahi wikiwiki. Hoʻopili ʻo Ubiquitin i nā protein, kau iā lākou no ka hoʻolilo. Kapa ʻia kēia hana ʻo ubiquitination.

Lawe ʻia nā protein i kau ʻia i nā proteasome e luku ʻia. Ma mua o ke komo ʻana o ka protein i loko o ka proteasome, ua hemo ʻia ʻo ubiquitin e hoʻohana hou ai.

I ka 2004, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka Nobel Prize in Chemistry iā Aaron Ciekanovero, ʻo Avram Hershko, a me Irwin Rose no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia kaʻina hana, i kapa ʻia ʻo ubiquitin mediated degradation (proteolysis).

No ke aha he mea nui ka ubiquitin?

Ma muli o kāna hana, ua aʻo ʻia ʻo ubiquitin no kahi kūlana i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Nānā nā kauka i nā hana kūlike ʻole i nā hunaola maʻi ʻae e ʻae iā lākou e ola. ʻO ka pahuhopu e hoʻohana i ka ubiquitin e hana i ka protein i loko o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai e make ai ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ubiquitin i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ʻekolu mau mea pale proteasome i ʻae ʻia e ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e mālama i ka poʻe me ka myeloma he nui, kahi ʻano o ke kanesa maʻi koko.

• bortezomib (Velcade)
• carfilzomib (Kyprolis)
• ixazomib (Ninlaro)

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ubiquitin e mālama ai i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe?

Wahi a ka National Cancer Institute, ke aʻo nei nā mea noiʻi i ka ubiquitin e pili ana i ka physiology maʻamau, ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka maʻi ʻaʻai, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Ke nānā nei lākou i nā ʻano o ubiquitin, me:

• ka mālama ʻana i ke ola a me ka make ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai
• kona pili i ke koʻikoʻi
• kona kuleana ma mitochondria a me kona hopena maʻi

Ua noiʻi kekahi mau noiʻi i hala aku nei i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ubiquitin i ka lāʻau lapaʻau paʻalima:

• Kuhi ʻia kahi pili pū kekahi o ka ubiquitin i loko o nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka hopena nukleia-κB (NF-κB) i ka hopena inflammatory a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā ʻino DNA.
• Kuhi ʻia kahi hiki ʻole i ka ʻōnaehana ubiquitin ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi neurodegenerative a me nā maʻi kanaka ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike pū kēia noi e pili ana ka ʻōnaehana ubiquitin i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi kūpikipiki a me nā maʻi autoimmune, e like me ka arthritis a me ka psoriasis.
• Kuhi ʻia he nui nā mea ʻino, me influenza A (IAV), e hoʻokumu i ka maʻi ma o ka lawe ʻana i kahi ubiquitination.

Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kona ʻano like ʻole a paʻakikī hoʻi, ʻaʻole i maopopo piha nā ʻano hana ma hope o nā hana physiological a me nā pathophysiological o ka ʻōnaehana ubiquitin.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

He mea nui ʻo Ubiquitin i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka protein i ka pae pae pūnaewele. Manaʻo nā kauka he mea hiki ke hoʻohiki ʻia no nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau cellular i hoʻomākaukau ʻia.

Ua alakaʻi mua ke aʻo ʻana o ubiquitin i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā lāʻau no ka mālama ʻana i nā myeloma he nui, kahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai koko. Hoʻopili kēia mau lāʻau i ka bortezomib (Velcade), carfilzomib (Kyprolis), a me ka ixazomib (Ninlaro).