Nā ʻano anesthesia: ka wā e hoʻohana ai a he aha nā pilikia

Anter

• 1. Anesthesia laulā
• He aha nā pilikia
• 2. Anesthesia kūloko
• He aha nā pilikia
• 3. Anesthesia āpana
• Anesthesia iwi kuamoʻo
• Anesthesia Epidural
• Paukū nerve ākea
• Anesthesia intravenous ʻāpana
• He aha nā pilikia
• 4. ʻAnesthesia hoʻohiamoe
• He aha nā pilikia

ʻO Anesthesia kahi hoʻolālā i hoʻohana ʻia me ka pahuhopu o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​manaʻo i ka wā o kahi ʻoki a i ʻole ke kaʻina hana ʻeha ma o ka lawelawe ʻana o nā lāʻau ma o ka aa a i ʻole ma o ka inhalation. Hana pinepine ʻia ʻo Anesthesia i nā hana hoʻouka hou aku a i ʻole kumu paha i kekahi ʻano discomfort a ʻeha paha i ka mea maʻi, e like me ka ʻoki ʻana o ka puʻuwai, ka hānau keiki a me nā kaʻina hana niho, no ka laʻana.

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano anesthesia, e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana ma nā ʻano like ʻole e ke ālai ʻana i nā impulses nerve, a ʻo ka mea i koho ʻia e kauka ʻia i ke ʻano o nā kaʻina olakino a me ke kūlana olakino o kēlā kanaka. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kauka no kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi āpau i hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano anesthesia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole. E ʻike he aha ka mālama ma mua o ke kaha ʻana.

1. Anesthesia laulā

I ka wā anesthesia laulā, lawelawe ʻia nā lāʻau anesthetic e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i ke kanaka, no laila ʻo ke ʻoki i hana ʻia, e like me ke ʻoki ʻana i ka puʻuwai, ka māmā a me ka ʻōpū, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻeha a hōʻehaʻeha paha.

Hoʻohana ka lāʻau i hana ʻole i ke kanaka a noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka ʻeha, hāpai i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i nā mākala a me ke kumu o ka amnesia, i poina ʻia nā mea āpau i ka wā o ke ʻoki e ka mea maʻi.

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka anesthetic i loko o ka aa, loaʻa ka hopena koke, a i ʻole inhaled ma o kahi pale kinoea, hiki i ke kahe o ke koko ma o nā akemāmā. He loli ka lōʻihi o kona hopena, e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka mea anesthetist, nāna e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka lāʻau anesthetic e hāʻawi ʻia. E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka anesthesia laulā.

ʻO nā lāʻau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka anesthesia laulā: benzodiazepines, narcotics, sedatives a me hypnotics, relaxants muscle a me nā kinoea halogenated.

He aha nā pilikia

ʻOiai ʻo ka anesthesia kahi hana palekana loa, loaʻa paha iā ia kekahi mau pilikia e pili ana i kekahi mau kumu, e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻoki a me ke kūlana olakino o kēlā kanaka. ʻO nā hopena maʻa mau loa ʻo ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ka maʻi poʻo a me nā maʻi āpau i ka lāʻau anesthetic.

I nā hihia ʻoi loa, nā pilikia e like me ka hanu ʻole ʻana, ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ka naʻau a i ʻole ka hopena neurological hiki i nā poʻe me ke olakino olakino hou aʻe ma muli o ke olakino, nā puʻuwai, nā māmā a me nā puʻupaʻa, e laʻa me.

ʻOiai he kākaʻikahi loa ia, loaʻa paha i kahi anesthesia kahi hopena ʻāpana, e like me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻike akā ʻae i ke kanaka e neʻe a i ʻole hiki ʻole i ke kanaka ke neʻe akā ke manaʻo nei i nā hanana a puni lākou.

2. Anesthesia kūloko

Pili ka anesthesia kūloko i kahi kikoʻī o ke kino, ʻaʻole pili i ka ʻike a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā ʻōkuhi liʻiliʻi e like me nā kaʻina niho, ka maka, ka ihu a me ka ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu, a i ʻole me ka anesthesia ʻē aʻe, e like me ka anesthesia āpana a sedation paha.

Hiki ke lawelawe ʻia kēia ʻano anesthesia ma nā ʻano ʻelua, ma ke noi ʻana i kahi kalima anesthetic a i ʻole ka pīpī i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili a i ʻole ka mucosa, a i ʻole me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka lāʻau anesthetic i loko o ka mea i anesthetized. ʻO Lidocaine ka mea anesthetic kūloko maʻamau.

He aha nā pilikia

ʻO ka anesthesia kūloko, ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia, palekana a ʻaʻohe ʻaneʻane ʻole o nā hopena ʻaoʻao, akā, i nā koina kiʻekiʻe hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena ʻona, e hoʻopili ana i ka puʻuwai a me ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ke kūleʻa ʻana i ka hana o ka lolo, ʻoiai hiki i nā kau kiʻekiʻe ke hiki i ke kahe o ke koko.

3. Anesthesia āpana

Hoʻohana ʻia ka anesthesia āpana inā pono e anesthetize i kahi ʻāpana o ke kino, e like me ka lima a me ka wāwae, no ka laʻana a aia kekahi mau ʻano anesthesia āpana.

• Anesthesia iwi kuamoʻo

I ka anesthesia ʻōiwi, lawelawe ʻia ka anesthetic kūloko me kahi nila nui, i loko o ka wai e ʻauʻau i ka iwi kuamoʻo, i kapa ʻia ka cerebrospinal fluid. I kēia ʻano anesthesia, hui pū ka anesthetic me ka wai o ka iwi kuamoo a hoʻopili i nā aʻa, a hiki i ka nalo ʻana o ka naʻau i nā lālā o lalo a me ka ʻōpū o lalo.

• Anesthesia Epidural

ʻIke ʻia kekahi anesthesia epidural, pale kēia hana i ka ʻeha a me nā ʻano mai hoʻokahi wale nō ʻāpana o ke kino, mai ka pūhaka i lalo.

I kēia ʻano anesthesia, lawelawe ʻia ka anesthetic kūloko ma o ka catheter i hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ka epidural space a puni ka canal spinal, a hiki i ka nalo ʻana o ka sensation i nā lālā o lalo a me ka ʻōpū. E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka anesthesia epidural a no ka mea aha ia.

• Paukū nerve ākea

I kēia ʻano anesthesia āpana, lawelawe ʻia ka anesthetic kūloko a puni nā aʻa kuleana no ka noʻonoʻo a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka lālā kahi e hoʻokō ʻia ai ke ʻoki, a hiki ke lawelawe ʻia nā ʻano blockers nerve.

ʻO nā hui o nā aʻalolo, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka plexus a i ʻole ganglion, kahi e hōʻeha ai i kahi ʻokana kikoʻī a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana o ke kino, a laila ālai ʻia e alakaʻi ana i ka anesthesia o nā wahi o ke kino e like me ka maka, ka ihu, ka pā, ka ʻāʻī, ka poʻohiwi, ka lima, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. .

• Anesthesia intravenous ʻāpana

ʻO ke anesthesia i loko o ke anesthesia kahi hana e waiho ai kahi catheter i kahi aa o ka lālā, no laila e lawelawe ʻia ka anesthetic kūloko, ʻoiai e kau ana i kahi pāʻani ma luna o ka wahi i hoʻomau ka anesthesia i kahi. Hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka ʻike i ka wā e hemo ai ka pāʻani.

Hoʻohana maʻamau ka anesthesia āpana i ka wā o nā kaʻina hana maʻalahi e like me ka wā o ka lawe maʻamau ʻana, i nā ʻōkuhi liʻiliʻi e like me nā ʻōpala gynecological a i ʻole aesthetic a i ʻole nā ​​orthopedics, e laʻa me.

E ʻike pehea e hoʻopau ai ka anesthesia i nā ʻeha hana.

He aha nā pilikia

ʻOiai he kakaikahi, nā hopena ʻē aʻe e like me ka nui o ka sweating, maʻi i ka pūnaewele injection, ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, nā pilikia o ka puʻuwai a me nā akemāmā, ke anuanu, ke kuni, ka ʻeha o ke aʻalolo, ka perforation o ka membrane e pale ai i ka iwi kuamoʻo, i kapa ʻia ʻo dura mater, hiki ke hana. paraplegia.

Hiki i ka Perforation o ka dura mater ke hoʻonāuki i ka maʻi anesthesia post-spinal anachehesia i nā hola 24 mua a i ʻole 5 mau lā ma hope. I kēlā mau hihia, ʻike ke kanaka i ka ʻeha poʻo ke noho a kū paha a hoʻomaikaʻi i kekahi mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i kahi moena, i pili pū ʻia me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e like me ka nausea, ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa a hoʻemi i ka hoʻolohe ʻana. Ma kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o nā hihia, nalo wale kēia headache i loko o hoʻokahi pule, akā pono nō paha e hoʻomaka i kahi lapaʻau i hōʻike ʻia e ka anesthesiologist.

4. ʻAnesthesia hoʻohiamoe

Lawe ʻia ka anesthesia sedation ma muli o ka intravenous a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia me ka anesthesia kūloko a kūloko paha, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻoluʻolu o ke kanaka.

Hiki ke akahai ka sedation, kahi e hoʻomaha ai ke kanaka akā ala hoʻi, hiki iā ia ke pane i nā nīnau mai ke kauka, ka manawa kūpono e hiamoe ai ke kanaka i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, akā hiki ke ala maʻalahi i ka nīnau ʻana i kahi nīnau a hohonu paha a ka mea e hiamoe ai. ma ke kaʻina hana, me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻole i ka mea i hana ʻia mai ka wā o ka anesthesia i lawelawe ʻia. Inā akahai, akahai a hohonu paha, hele pū kēia ʻano anesthesia me ka hoʻohui oxygen.

He aha nā pilikia

ʻOiai he kakaikahi lākou, hiki ke hana i nā hopena maʻi, nā pilikia hanu, nā loli i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, kahoʻi, ka luaʻi, delirium, sweating a me ka maʻi i ka pūnaewele injection.