He aha ka maʻi Prion?

Anter

• He aha ka maʻi prion?
• Nā ʻano o nā maʻi prion
• Nā maʻi prion kanaka
• Nā maʻi prion holoholona
• He aha nā kumu pilikia mua no ka maʻi prion?
• He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi prion?
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi prion?
• Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka maʻi prion?
• Hiki ke pale ʻia ka maʻi prion?
• Nā lawe lawe kī

ʻO nā maʻi Prion kahi hui o nā maʻi neurodegenerative e hiki ke hoʻopili i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona.

Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e ka waiho ʻana o nā protein i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka lolo, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻololi i:

• hoʻomanaʻo
• hana
• neʻe

Kākaʻikahi loa nā maʻi Prion. Ma kahi o 350 mau hihia hou o ka maʻi prion e hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i United States.

Ke hana mau nei nā mea noiʻi e hoʻomaopopo hou e pili ana i kēia mau maʻi a loaʻa i kahi lāʻau maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, make mau nā maʻi prion.

He aha nā ʻano ʻano maʻi prion? Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomohala iā lākou? A aia kekahi ala e pale aku ai iā lākou?

E hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana e ʻike ai i nā pane i kēia mau nīnau a me nā mea hou aʻe.

He aha ka maʻi prion?

Hoʻokumu nā maʻi Prion i kahi emi holomua o ka hana o ka lolo ma muli o ke kuhi hewa ʻana o nā protein i ka lolo - akā ʻo ka misfolding o nā protein i kapa ʻia ʻo prion proteins (PrP).

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hana maʻamau o kēia mau protein.

I ka poʻe me ka maʻi prion, hiki i ka PrP i hoʻopili hewa ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa iā PrP olakino, kahi e kumu ai e pelu pono ʻole ka protein.

Hoʻomaka ka PrP misfolded e hōʻiliʻili a hana i nā koloka i loko o ka lolo, e hōʻino ana a me ka luku ʻana i nā aʻa nerve.

Hoʻokumu kēia ʻino i nā puka liʻiliʻi i loko o nā kiko o ka lolo, e hōʻike ana i ka sponge-like ma lalo o kahi microscope. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike paha ʻoe i nā maʻi prion i kapa ʻia ʻo "spongiform encephalopathies."

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomohala i kahi maʻi prion ma nā ʻano like ʻole, i pili pū me:

• Loaʻa. Hōʻike ka PrP i kahi PrP kūpono ʻole mai kahi kumu i waho ma o ka meaʻai haumia a i ʻole nā ​​lako olakino.
• Hoʻoilina. Aia nā hoʻololi i ka ʻāpana e alakaʻi nā code no PrP i ka hana ʻana o PrP hewa hewa.
• Sporadic. Hiki i kahi PrP kuhi hewa ke ulu me ka ʻole o kekahi kumu i ʻike ʻia.

Nā ʻano o nā maʻi prion

Hiki i ka maʻi Prion ke hana i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Ma lalo iho nei kekahi ʻano o nā maʻi prion. ʻO ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i kēlā me kēia maʻi e pili ana i ka papa.

Nā maʻi prion kanaka

• ʻO ka maʻi ʻo Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD). Ua wehewehe mua ʻia ma 1920, hiki ke loaʻa ka CJD, hoʻoilina, a i ʻole sporadic. o CJD he sporadic.
• ʻO Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob maʻi (vCJD). Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano CJD ma o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo haumia o kahi bipi.
• ʻO ka hiamoe ʻohana fatal (FFI). Hoʻopili ka FFI i ka thalamus, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o kou lolo e hoʻokele i ka pō hiamoe a me ke ala ʻana. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻōuli nui o kēia ʻano ka hōʻino ʻana i ka hiamoe. Ua hoʻoili ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi ʻano nui, ʻo ia hoʻi he 50 pakeneka ka manawa o ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia i ka lawe ʻana i kā lākou keiki.
• ʻO Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome (GSS). Ua hoʻoilina ʻia GSS. E like me FFI, lawe ʻia i kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi. Hoʻopili ia i ka cerebellum, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ka lolo e hoʻokele i ke kaulike, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a me ke kaulike.
• Kuru. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Kuru ma kahi hui o New Guinea. Ua lawe ʻia ka maʻi ma o ke ʻano o ka cannibalism ritual kahi e pau ai nā koena o nā ʻohana i make.

Nā maʻi prion holoholona

• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Kāhea ʻia ʻo "mad cow disease," kēia ʻano maʻi prion e hoʻopili i nā bipi. ʻO nā kānaka e hoʻopau i kaʻiʻo mai nā bipi me BSE hiki ke makaʻu ʻia no vCJD.
• ʻO ka maʻi hōʻino mau (CWD). Hoʻopili ka CWD i nā holoholona e like me dia, moose, a me elk. Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa mai ka pohō kaumaha i ʻike ʻia i nā holoholona maʻi.
• ʻO Scrapie. ʻO Scrapie ka maʻi prion kahiko loa, ua wehewehe ʻia a hiki i ka makahiki 1700. Pili ia i nā holoholona e like me nā hipa a me nā kao.
• Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE). Hoʻopili ka FSE i nā pōpoki kūloko a me nā pōpoki hihiu i ka pio. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hihia o FSE i kū i ka United Kingdom a me ʻEulopa.
• Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME). ʻO kēia ʻano ʻano prion liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i ka mink. ʻO ka mink kahi mammal liʻiliʻi e hānai pinepine ʻia no ka hana hulu.
• Ungulate spongiform encephalopathy. Kākaʻikahi loa kēia maʻi prion a hoʻopili i nā holoholona exotic e pili ana i nā bipi.

He aha nā kumu pilikia mua no ka maʻi prion?

Hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hoʻokau iā ʻoe i ka maʻi o prion. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• Nā Genetics. Inā loaʻa i kekahi o kou ʻohana ka maʻi prion hoʻoilina, ke piʻi nui nei ʻoe i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻololi.
• Makahiki. Hoʻolālā nā maʻi prion Sporadic i nā mākua makua.
• Nā huahana holoholona. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā huahana holoholona i haumia me kahi prion hiki ke hoʻoili i kahi maʻi prion iā ʻoe.
• Nā kaʻina hana olakino. Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia nā maʻi Prion ma o nā pono lāʻau lapaʻau haumia a me nā aʻa makaʻu. ʻO nā hihia kahi i loaʻa ai kēia me ka lawe ʻana i loko o nā transplantation kornea haumia a i ʻole nā ​​dura mater grafts.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi prion?

ʻO nā maʻi Prion he mau manawa incubation lōʻihi loa, pinepine ma ke kaʻina o nā makahiki. Ke hoʻomohala nā ʻōuli, ulu lākou i ka holomua, i kekahi manawa wikiwiki.

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o ka maʻi prion me:

• nā pilikia me ka noʻonoʻo, ka hoʻomanaʻo, a me ka hoʻokolokolo
• hoʻololi i ke ʻano e like me ka apathy, ka hoʻonāukiuki, a me ke kaumaha
• huikau a disorientation paha
• spasms Muscle hoʻokomo ʻole (myoclonus)
• lilo o ke alu like (ataxia)
• pilikia hiamoe (hiamoe)
• haʻi ʻōlelo paʻakikī a luliluli paha
• pilikia makapō a makapō paha

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi prion?

ʻOiai hiki i nā maʻi prion ke hōʻike i nā hōʻailona like i nā maʻi neurodegenerative ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka paʻakikī ke kuhikuhi.

ʻO ke ala wale nō e hōʻoia ai i kahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi prion ma o ka biopsy lolo i hana ʻia ma hope o ka make.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi mea mālama ola ke hoʻohana i kāu mau ʻōuli, ka mōʻaukala olakino, a me nā hoʻokolohua he nui e kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi prion.

ʻO nā hōʻoia a lākou e hoʻohana ai paha:

• Mākēneki resonance kiʻi (MRI). Hiki i kahi MRI ke hana i kahi kiʻi kikoʻī o kou lolo. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i nā mea lawelawe olakino e ʻike i nā loli i ka hanana o ka lolo e pili ana i ka maʻi prion.
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili a hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo CSF ​​no nā māka e pili ana i ka neurodegeneration. I ka 2015, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua e ʻike kikoʻī i nā māka o ka maʻi prion kanaka.
• Electroencephalography (ʻEELE). Hoʻopaʻa kēia hōʻike i ka hana uila i kou lolo.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka maʻi prion?

ʻAʻohe mea ola i kēia manawa no ka maʻi prion. Eia nō naʻe, kau ka lāʻau i ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama.

ʻO nā laʻana o kēia ʻano mālama e:

• Nā Lapaʻau. Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōuli. ʻO nā laʻana me:
  - hoʻemi i nā hōʻailona psychological me nā antidepressants a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohiamoe
  - e hāʻawi ana i ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻeha e hoʻohana ana i ka lāʻau opiate
  - hoʻomāmā i nā spasms muscle me nā lāʻau e like me sodium valproate a me clonazepam
• Kōkua. Ke holo nei ka maʻi, pono nui ka poʻe i ke kōkua e mālama iā lākou iho a hana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā.
• Ke hāʻawi nei i ka hydration a me nā meaola. I nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi, koi ʻia nā wai IV a i ʻole kahi paipu hānai.

Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻepekema e hana e ʻimi i kahi lapaʻau kūpono no nā maʻi prion.

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻoponopono kūpono e ʻimi ʻia nei e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā anti-prion antibodies a me "" e kāohi i ka replication o PrP maʻamau.

Hiki ke pale ʻia ka maʻi prion?

Ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau hana e pale ai i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā maʻi prion i loaʻa. Ma muli o kēia mau kaʻina hana, loaʻa ʻole kahi maʻi prion mai ka meaʻai a mai kahi wahi olakino paha he kākaʻikahi loa ia.

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻanuʻu pale i lawe ʻia:

• ke hoʻonohonoho nei i nā rula paʻa loa i ka lawe ʻana mai i nā bipi mai nā ʻāina kahi e loaʻa ai ka BSE
• e pāpā ana i nā ʻāpana o ka bipi e like me ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoo mai ka hoʻohana ʻia no ka meaʻai no nā kānaka a holoholona paha
• ke pale nei i ka poʻe me ka mōʻaukala o a i ʻole ka makaʻu no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻi prion mai ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe
• e hoʻohana ana i nā ana sterilization ikaika i nā mea hana olakino i hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻiʻo makaʻu o kekahi me ka maʻi prion i manaʻo ʻia
• ke luku nei i nā mea hana lapaʻau kīnā ʻole

ʻAʻohe ala i kēia manawa e pale aku ai i nā ʻano hoʻoilina a sporadic paha o ka maʻi prion.

Inā loaʻa i kekahi o kou ʻohana kahi maʻi prion hoʻoilina, e noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe e kūkākūkā pū me ke kākāʻōlelo genetic e kūkākūkā i kāu pilikia e ulu i ka maʻi.

Nā lawe lawe kī

ʻO nā maʻi Prion kahi hui laha ʻole o nā maʻi neurodegenerative i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā protein i hoʻopili pinepine ʻia i kou lolo.

Hana nā protein i hana hewa ʻia i nā ʻōpala e hōʻino ai i nā hunaola aʻa, e alakaʻi ana i kahi emi holomua o ka hana o ka lolo.

Hoʻouna genetically kekahi mau maʻi prion, ʻoiai hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea ʻē aʻe ma o nā meaʻai haumia a i ʻole nā ​​lako olakino. Hoʻolālā nā maʻi prion ʻē aʻe me ka ʻole o kekahi kumu i ʻike ʻia.

ʻAʻohe mea ola i kēia manawa no nā maʻi prion. Ma ka hakahaka, kau ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mālama kākoʻo a me nā hōʻailona hōʻali.

Hoʻomau ka hana a nā kānaka noiʻi e ʻike hou e pili ana i kēia mau maʻi a hoʻomohala i nā hana kūpono.