Polio

Anter

• He aha nā hōʻailona o ka polio?
• Polio pono ʻole
• Polio lolo
• ʻO ka maʻi post-polio
• Pehea e hoʻopili ai ka poliovirus i kekahi?
• Pehea e hōʻoia ai nā kauka i ka polio?
• Pehea nā kauka i ka polio?
• Pehea e pale ai i ka polio
• Nā kumukūʻai lāʻau polio no nā keiki
• Nā lāʻau āpau a ka polio a puni ka honua
• Mai ka moʻolelo o ka polio a hiki i kēia manawa

He aha ka polio?

ʻO Polio (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo poliomyelitis) kahi maʻi lele loa i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi virus e hōʻeha i ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO nā keiki ma mua o 5 mau makahiki e hiki ke ʻaelike i ka maʻi ma mua o nā hui ʻē aʻe.

Wahi a ka World Health Organization (WHO), ʻo 1 i ka 200 mau maʻi polio e hopena i ka paralysis mau. Eia nō naʻe, mahalo i ka hoʻolālā hoʻopau polio o ka honua i ka makahiki 1988, ua hōʻoia ʻia nā manuahi i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe polio:

• ʻAmelika
• ʻEulopa
• Pakipika Komohana
• Hikina Hema Asia

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau polio ma 1953 a loaʻa i ka makahiki 1957. Mai ia manawa ua hāʻule nā ​​maʻi polio ma United States.

Akā hoʻomau mau ka polio ma Afghanistan, Pakistan, a me Nigeria. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka polio e pōmaikaʻi ka honua i ka olakino a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Hiki i ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka polio ke mālama ma kahi o $ 40-50 biliona ma nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka polio?

Ua koho ʻia 95 a 99 pakeneka o ka poʻe i ʻaelike i ka poliovirus he asymptomatic. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻo polio subclinical. ʻOiai me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona, ​​hiki i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka poliovirus ke hoʻolaha mau i ka maʻi a hōʻeha i nā maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Polio pono ʻole

ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka polio non-paralytic hiki ke hala mai hoʻokahi a 10 mau lā. Hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona ke like me ka flu a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• fiva
• eha ka 'ā'ī
• ʻeha poʻo
• ka luaʻi
• luhi
• meningitis

ʻO ka polio non-paralytic ka i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he polio abortive.

Polio lolo

Ma kahi o 1 pākēneka o nā hihia polio hiki ke hoʻomohala i polio lolo. ʻO ka polio paralytic ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi lōlō i ka iwi kuamoʻo (spinal polio), ʻōnaehana lolo (bulbar polio), a i ʻole ʻelua (polio bulbospinal).

ʻO nā ʻōuli mua e like me ka polio non-paralytic. Akā ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, e ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻoi loa. Loaʻa kēia mau ʻōuli:

• lilo o reflexes
• ʻehaʻeha loa a me ka ʻeha ʻeha
• nā lālā paʻa a palupalu, i kekahi manawa ma hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao o ke kino
• palu koke, kūlohelohe a paʻa mau paha
• nā wāwae hemahema, keu hoʻi nā pūhaka, nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, a me nā wāwae

Kākaʻikahi ka ulu ʻana o ka lōlō piha. o nā hihia polio a pau e hopena i ka maʻi lōlō mau. I ka 5-10 pākēneka o nā maʻi palapū polio, e hoʻouka ka maʻi i nā mākala e kōkua iā ʻoe e hanu a make ka make.

ʻO ka maʻi post-polio

Hiki i ka polio ke hoʻi i hope o kou ola hou ʻana. Hiki i kēia ke hana ma hope o 15 a 40 mau makahiki. ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o ka maʻi post-polio (PPS):

• ke hoʻomau nei i ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala a me nā ami
• ʻehaʻeha o ka mākala e māhuahua ana
• luhi a luhi paha
• hoʻowahā mākala, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo atr atr muscle
• pilikia i ka hanu ʻana a me ka ale ʻana
• ʻalalā moe, a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia hanu pili i ka hiamoe
• haʻahaʻa ahonui i nā anuanu anu
• ka hoʻomaka hou ʻana o ka nāwaliwali i nā mākala i pili ʻole ma mua
• kaumaha
• pilikia me ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻomanaʻo

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa ka polio a hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻike i kēia mau ʻōuli. Ua koho ʻia he 25 a 50 paha pākēneka o ka poʻe i ola i ka polio e loaʻa iā PPS. ʻAʻole hiki i ka PPS ke hopu ʻia e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ana i kēia maʻi. Hoʻopili ka mālama ʻana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻokele e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kou ola o ke ola a hōʻemi i ka ʻeha a luhi paha.

Pehea e hoʻopili ai ka poliovirus i kekahi?

Ma ke ʻano he maʻi lele lele loa, lawe ka polio ma o ka pili ʻana i nā feces i loaʻa i ka maʻi. ʻO nā mea like me nā mea pāʻani i hele mai kokoke i nā feces i hiki ke maʻi i hiki ke lawe i ka maʻi. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ia ke hoʻohele ma o ka sneeze a i ʻole ke kahe, ʻoiai ke ola nei ka maʻi ma ka ʻāʻī a me nā ʻōpū. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi kēia.

ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana i nā wahi me ke komo palena ʻole i ka wai kahe a i ʻole nā ​​lumipaku holoi e ʻaelike pinepine i ka polio mai ka wai inu i hoʻohaumia ʻia e nā ʻōpala kanaka i maʻi. Wahi a ka Mayo Clinic, he maʻi lele ka maʻi ʻo kēlā me kēia mea e noho nei me kahi mea i loaʻa i kēia maʻi.

ʻO nā wahine hāpai, nā kānaka me nā ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali - e like me nā mea kūpono i ka HIV - a ʻo nā keiki liʻiliʻi ka maʻalahi i ka poliovirus.

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i wānana ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i kou makaʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi polio ke:

• huakaʻi i kahi i loaʻa i kahi maʻi polio hou loa
• mālama a noho pū paha me kekahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi polio
• lawelawe i kahi hoʻokolohua o ka maʻi
• ua lawe aku i kou tonsils
• loaʻa kahi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a hana ikaika paha ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻi

Pehea e hōʻoia ai nā kauka i ka polio?

E hōʻoia kāu kauka i ka polio ma ka nānā ʻana i kāu mau ʻōuli. E hana lākou i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino a nānā i nā reflexes kīnā ʻole, hoʻi i ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī, a i ʻole ka paʻakikī e hāpai i kou poʻo i ka wā e moe pālahalaha ana.

E hoʻāʻo nō hoʻi ʻo Labs i kahi laʻana o kou puʻu, ka noho, a me ka wai cerebrospinal no ka poliovirus.

Pehea nā kauka i ka polio?

Hiki i nā kauka ke mālama wale i nā ʻōuli ke holo nei ka maʻi i kāna papa. Akā ʻoiai ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i ka polio e pale aku ai iā ia me nā lāʻau āpau.

ʻO nā ʻano hana kākoʻo pinepine e pili pū me:

• hoʻomaha moe
• lāʻau ʻehaʻeha
• nā lāʻau antispasmodic e hoʻomaha ai i nā mākala
• antibiotics no nā maʻi maʻi urinary tract
• lawe ea lawe ea e kōkua me ka hanu
• hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻoponopono e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hele wāwae
• nā pale mahana a me nā kāwele mahana e hoʻoluʻolu i nā ʻehaʻeha a me nā spasms
• hoʻōla kino e mālama i ka ʻeha i nā mākala i hoʻopili ʻia
• hoʻōla kino e hoʻoponopono ai i nā pilikia hanu a me ka pulmonary
• pulmonary rehabilitation e hoʻonui i ke ahonui o ka māmā

I nā kūlana holomua o ka nāwaliwali o ka wāwae, pono paha ʻoe i kahi noho huila a i ʻole nā ​​mīkini neʻe ʻē aʻe.

Pehea e pale ai i ka polio

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi e pale aku ai i ka polio ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau. Pono nā kamaliʻi e kiʻi i nā pana polio e like me ka papa hana hoʻōla i hōʻike ʻia e ka (CDC).

Papa kuhikuhi vaccine CDC

Nā kumukūʻai lāʻau polio no nā keiki

I nā manawa maʻamau hiki i kēia mau kī ʻana ke kumu i nā hopena maʻi ahonui a koʻikoʻi paha, e like me:

• nā pilikia hanu
• wela wela
• ʻūpā
• hives
• pehu o ka puʻu
• kōmi puʻuwai wikiwiki

ʻAʻole pilikia ka poʻe mākua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka polio kuʻikahi. ʻO ka makaʻu nui loa ke huakaʻi ʻoe i kahi e maʻa mau ai ka polio. E hōʻoia e kiʻi i nā pūʻulu pana ma mua o kou huakaʻi.

Nā lāʻau āpau a ka polio a puni ka honua

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua hāʻule nā ​​hihia o ka polio e 99 pakeneka. ʻO 74 wale nō mau hihia i hōʻike ʻia ma 2015.

Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Polio i Afghanistan, Pakistan, a me Nigeria.

Mai ka moʻolelo o ka polio a hiki i kēia manawa

ʻO Polio he maʻi lele loa ia e hiki ai ke hopena i ka lolo a me ka lolo lolo. Hoʻololi pinepine ia i nā keiki ma lalo o 5 mau makahiki. Ua piʻi aʻe nā hihia o ka polio ma United States i ka 1952 me 57,623 i hōʻike ʻia nā hihia. Mai ke kānāwai kōkua kōkua polio Vaccination, ua noa ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai ka makahiki 1979.

ʻOiai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia me ka ʻole o ka polio, ke hana nei nō ka maʻi ma nā ʻāina i hoʻomaka ʻole i nā hoʻoili pale. Wahi a, ʻo kahi hihia polio i hōʻoia ʻia e waiho i nā keiki ma nā ʻāina āpau i kahi makaʻu.

Hoʻomaka ʻo Afghanistan e hoʻomaka i kāna hana hoʻopale no ka mua o ʻOkakopa a me Nowemapa o 2016. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā Lā National Immunisation National and Subnational no nā ʻāina ma West Africa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noho a hiki i kēia lā me nā haʻihaʻi hihia ma ka pūnaewele The Global Polio Eradication Initiative.