ʻO nā mea āpau āu e ʻike ai e pili ana iā Poikilocytosis

Anter

• Nā ʻōuli o ka poikilocytosis
• He aha ke kumu o ka poikilositosis?
• ʻIke i ka poikilositosis
• He aha nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka poikilocytosis?
• Nā spherosit
• ʻO Stomatocytes (nā hunaola waha)
• Codocytes (target cells)
• Leptocytes
• Nā pūnaewele maʻi (drepanocytes)
• Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)
• Dacryocytes (nā hunaola waimaka)
• Acanthocytes (spur cells)
• ʻO Echinocytes (burr cells)
• ʻO Schizocytes (schistocytes)
• Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka poikilositosis?
• He aha ka kuanaʻike?

He aha ka poikilositosis?

ʻO Poikilocytosis ka huaʻōlelo olakino no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kino ʻulaʻula (RBC) i kou koko. Kapa ʻia nā hunaola o ke kino Abnormally e like me nā poikilocytes.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā RBC o ke kanaka (i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā erythrocytes) kahi ʻano disk me kahi kikowaena pālahalaha ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Hiki i nā Poikilocytes ke:

• e pālahalaha ma mua o ka maʻamau
• e elongated, crescent-hoʻokino, a me ka waimaka-hoʻokino
• loaʻa nā wānana kuhi
• loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe

Hāpai nā RBC i ka oxygen a me nā meaola i nā kiko a me nā kino o kou kino. Inā kūlike ʻole kāu RBC, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hāpai i ka oxygen.

Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ʻo Poikilocytosis e kekahi ʻano olakino ʻē aʻe, e like me ka anemia, nā maʻi ate, ka waiʻona, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi koko hoʻoilina. No kēia kumu, kōkua ke kū ʻana o nā poikilocytes a me ke kinona o nā hunaola ʻino i ke kuhi ʻana i nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka poikilositosis, aia paha iā ʻoe kahi ʻano kumu e koi ai i ka lāʻau.

Nā ʻōuli o ka poikilocytosis

ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o ka poikilocytosis ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi nui nui (ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 pākēneka) o nā RBC ʻano ʻē.

Ma ka laulaha, pili nā ʻōuli o ka poikilocytosis i ke ʻano o ke kumu. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo Poikilocytosis he hōʻailona o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe he nui.

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o nā maʻi pili i ke koko, e like me ka anemia, me:

• luhi
• ʻili mae
• nāwaliwali
• pokole o ka hanu

ʻO kēia mau hōʻailona kikoʻī kahi hopena o ka lawa ʻole o ka oxygen e lawe ʻia i nā kiko a me nā kino o ke kino.

He aha ke kumu o ka poikilositosis?

ʻO ka Poikilocytosis ka hopena o kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻoilina a loaʻa paha nā kūlana Poikilositosis. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kūlana hoʻoilina e ka mutation. Loaʻa nā kūlana loaʻa i hope ma ke ola.

ʻO nā kumu hoʻoilina o ka poikilositosis pū me:

• anemia maʻi maʻi maʻi, kahi maʻi maʻi e hōʻike ʻia e nā RBC me kahi ʻano crescent ʻano ʻole
• thalassemia, kahi maʻi koko kūlohelohe kahi e hana ai ke kino i hemoglobin maʻamau
• hemahema pyruvate kinase
• ʻO McLeod Syndrome, kahi maʻi kūlohelohe maʻamau e hoʻopili i nā aʻalolo, ka puʻuwai, ke koko, a me ka lolo. Hele mālie nā ʻōuli a hoʻomaka i ke kau waena
• hoʻoilina hoʻoilina hoʻoilina
• hoʻoilina hoʻoiho hoʻoilina

Loaʻa nā kumu o ka poikilocytosis i:

• ʻo ka anemia hemahema o ka hao, ke ʻano anemia maʻamau i kū ke loaʻa ʻole ka nui o ka hao i ke kino
• megaloblastic anemia, kahi anemia i hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia e ka hemahema o ka folate a i ʻole ka wikamina B-12
• autoimmune hemolytic anemias, kahi hui o nā maʻi e kū i ka wā e luku hewa ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi i nā RBC
• ka maʻi ate a me ka hakuʻala
• ʻalekohola a i ʻole maʻi maʻi ʻalekō e pili ana i ka waiʻona
• lāʻau make kēpau
• lāʻau lapaʻau chemotherapy
• nā maʻi ʻino loa
• maʻi ʻaʻai
• myelofibrosis

ʻIke i ka poikilositosis

Nānā ʻia nā pēpē hou a pau ma ʻAmelike Hui Pū ʻIa no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi koko, e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai anemia. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Poikilocytosis i ka wā o kahi hoʻokolohua i kapa ʻia he smear koko. Hiki ke hana i kēia hōʻike i ka wā o kahi hoʻokolohua kino maʻamau, a inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i nā ʻōuli i hōʻike ʻole ʻia.

I ka wā o kahi pāheʻe koko, hoʻolaha ke kauka i kahi papa lahilahi o ke koko ma ka paheʻe microscope a me nā stains i ke koko e kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hunaola. Nānā ke kauka i ke koko ma lalo o kahi microscope, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā nui a me nā ʻano o nā RBC.

ʻAʻole kēlā me kēia RBC e lawe i kahi ʻano maʻamau. ʻO nā kānaka me ka poikilocytosis he ʻano maʻamau nā kinikini i kāwili ʻia me nā ʻāpana ʻano ʻē. I kekahi manawa, aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o nā poikilocytes i loko o ke koko. E hoʻāʻo kāu kauka e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka mea maʻamau.

Eia hou, e holo paha kāu kauka i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku e ʻike ai i ke kumu o kāu RBC ʻano ʻē. E nīnau paha kāu kauka iā ʻoe e pili ana i kāu mōʻaukala. E haʻi pono iā lākou e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona a i ʻole inā e lawe ʻoe i nā lāʻau.

ʻO nā laʻana o nā hoʻokolohua diagnostics ʻē aʻe:

• helu piha koko (CBC)
• pae pae serum
• hoʻāʻo ferritin
• wikamina B-12 hōʻike
• hoʻāʻo folate
• nā hoʻāʻo hana ate
• biopsy iwi ʻōiwi
• hoʻāʻo kinase pyruvate

He aha nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka poikilocytosis?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o ka poikilositosis. Aia ke ʻano i nā ʻano o nā RBC ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻOiai hiki ke loaʻa ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻano o ka poikilocyte i loko o ke koko i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻo ka maʻamau he ʻoi aku ka nui o kekahi ʻano i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Nā spherosit

Liʻiliʻi nā spherocytes, nā ʻāpana poepoe nunui e nele i ka palahalaha, a me ka waena māmā o nā RBC i hoʻokau pinepine ʻia. ʻIke ʻia nā spherocytes i nā ʻano aʻe:

• hoʻoilina hoʻoiho hoʻoilina
• anemia hemolytic autoimmune
• nā hopena hemolytic transfusion
• nā maʻi ʻāpana ʻulaʻula

ʻO Stomatocytes (nā hunaola waha)

ʻO ka ʻāpana waena o ka cell stomatocyte kahi elliptical, a i ʻole slit-like, ma kahi o ka pōʻai. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo Stomatocytes ma ke ʻano he waha, a ʻike ʻia paha i ka poʻe me:

• ʻalekohola
• maʻi maʻi ate
• ʻO ka gastratositosis hoʻoilina, kahi maʻi kūlohelohe maʻamau kahi e kulu ai ka membrane cell i ka sodium a me nā potona potona

Codocytes (target cells)

Kāhea ʻia nā Codocytes i kekahi manawa nā cell target no ka mea like pinepine lākou i kahi bullseye. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā Codocytes i nā ʻano aʻe:

• thalassemia
• maʻi maʻi cholestatic
• nā maʻi hemoglobin C
• nā poʻe i hemo hou i ko lākou spleen (splenectomy)

ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻa mau, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā codoctyes i ka poʻe me ka anemia maʻi maʻi, anemia hemahema hao, a i ʻole ka lāʻau make kēpau.

Leptocytes

Kāhea ʻia pinepine ʻia nā keena wafer, lahilahi nā leptocytes, nā hunaola pālahalaha me hemoglobin ma ka lihi o ke kele. Leptocytes ʻike ʻia i ka poʻe me nā maʻi thalassemia a me nā mea me nā maʻi ahulau ālai.

Nā pūnaewele maʻi (drepanocytes)

ʻO nā hunaola Sickle, a i ʻole nā ​​drepanocytes, elongated, crescent-shaped RBCs. ʻO kēia mau hunaola ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka anemia maʻi sickle a me hemoglobin S-thalassemia.

Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)

ʻO Elliptocytes, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he ovalocytes, he ʻōwili liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano kika me nā wēlau ʻōpala. ʻO ka maʻamau, ke alo o kahi nui o elliptocytes e hōʻailona i kahi kūlana hoʻoilina i kapa ʻia ʻo elliptocytosis hereditary. ʻIke ʻia nā helu kaulike o elliptocytes i ka poʻe me:

• thalassemia
• myelofibrosis
• cirrhosis
• anemia hemahema hao
• anemia megaloblastic

Dacryocytes (nā hunaola waimaka)

ʻO nā erythrocytes ʻo Teardrop, a i ʻole dacryocytes, he RBC me hoʻokahi kihi a me hoʻokahi kihi kiko. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano poikilocyte i ka poʻe me:

• beta-thalassemia
• myelofibrosis
• maʻi leukemia
• anemia megaloblastic
• hemolytic anemia

Acanthocytes (spur cells)

Loaʻa i nā Acanthocytes kahi kuhi kolohe (i kapa ʻia he spicules) ma ka lihi o ka membrane pūnaewele. Loaʻa nā Acanthocytes i nā ʻano e like me:

• abetalipoproteinemia, kahi ʻano kūlohelohe i loaʻa ʻole i ka hiki ʻole ke omo i kekahi mau momona papaʻai
• maʻi maʻi ʻalekika ʻino
• ma hope o ka splenectomy
• anemia hemolytic autoimmune
• maʻi maʻi ʻōpū
• thalassemia
• ʻO McLeod maʻi

ʻO Echinocytes (burr cells)

E like me nā acanthocytes, loaʻa pū kekahi nā echinocytes (spicules) ma ka lihi o ka membrane pūnaewele. Akā ke kaulike kaulike ʻia kēia mau wana a hele pinepine aʻe ma mua o nā acanthocytes. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Echinocytes nā hunaola burr.

ʻIke ʻia paha ʻo Echinocytes i ka poʻe me nā ʻano penei:

• ka hemahema pyruvate kinase, kahi maʻi me ka maʻi i loaʻa i ke ola o nā RBC
• maʻi maʻi ʻōpū
• maʻi ʻaʻai
• koke mahope o ka transfusion o ke elemakule koko (echinocytes paha e hana i ka wā e mālama ai i ke koko)

ʻO Schizocytes (schistocytes)

ʻO nā Schizosittes he RBC liʻiliʻi. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou i ka poʻe me ka hemolytic anemias a i ʻole hōʻike ʻia i ka pane ʻana i nā kūlana aʻe:

• sepsis
• maʻi maʻi ʻino
• kuni
• hōʻeha kino

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka poikilositosis?

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka poikilocytosis kaukaʻi ʻia i ka mea e hoʻokumu nei i kēia ʻano maʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, poikilocytosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka wikamina B-12, folate, a me ka hao paha e mālama ʻia e ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hoʻopiha a hoʻonui i ka nui o kēia mau huaora i kāu papaʻai. A i ʻole, mālama paha nā kauka i ka maʻi maʻi (e like me ka maʻi celiac) i hana ʻia i ka hemahema ma mua.

ʻO ka poʻe me nā ʻano hoʻoilina o ka anemia, e like me ka anemia o ka cell sickle a i ʻole ka thalassemia, koi paha i nā transfusions o ke koko a i ʻole kahi iwi o ka iwi e mālama i ko lākou kūlana ʻO ka poʻe me nā maʻi ate e koi paha i kahi transplant, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe me nā maʻi ʻino e pono ai i nā antibiotic.

He aha ka kuanaʻike?

ʻO ka nānā lōʻihi no ka poikilositosis e pili ana i ke kumu a me ka wikiwiki o kou mālama ʻia. Hiki ke mālama ʻia a anemia pinepine ʻia ka maʻi anemia ma muli o ka hemahema o ka hao akā hiki ke weliweli inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia. Heʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia inā hāpai ʻoe. Hiki i ka Anemia i ka wā o ka hāpai ke kumu i nā pilikia o ka hāpai ʻana, e like me nā kīnā hānau koʻikoʻi (e like me nā kīnā neural tube).

ʻO ke Anemia i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi maʻi genetical e like me ka anemia cell sickle e koi ʻia i ka mālama ola ʻana, akā ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka holomua olakino i ka nānā no ka poʻe me kekahi mau ʻano maʻi koko.