E kuhikuhi i nā haumāna

Anter

• He aha nā kumu maʻamau o nā haumāna kiko?
• Nā ʻōuli e pili pū ana me nā haumāna kiko
• Lapaʻau
• Āhea ʻoe e ʻimi ai i kōkua?
• He aha ka mea e kali ai i ka manawa o ka hōʻailona
• Outlook

He aha nā haumāna kikoʻī?

ʻO nā haumāna ʻemi liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā kukui e kapa ʻia nā haumāna pinpoint. ʻO kekahi huaʻōlelo no ka myosis, a i ʻole miosis.

ʻO ka haumāna ka ʻāpana o kou maka e kaohi i ka nui o ke kukui e komo ai.

I ke kukui ʻōlinolino, e liʻiliʻi ana kāu mau haumana (constrict) e kaupalena i ka nui o nā kukui e komo ai. I ka pouli, nui aʻe kāu mau haumāna (ākea). ʻAe ʻia ka mālamalama hou aʻe, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻike maka i ka pō. ʻO ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai kahi manawa hoʻoponopono ke komo ʻoe i kahi keʻena pouli. ʻO ia nō hoʻi ke kumu e makaʻala iki ai kou mau maka ma hope o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana o kāu kauka maka iā lākou i kahi lā mālamalama.

ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā haumāna a me nā dilation he reflexes hana ʻole. Ke hoʻomālamalama ke kauka i kou mau maka ma hope o kahi ʻeha a maʻi paha, ʻike ia inā hana maʻamau kāu mau haumāna i ka mālamalama.

Ma mua o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana, hiki i nā haumāna ke hoʻololi i ka nui i ka hopena o nā stimulus ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, e nui aʻe paha kāu mau haumāna ke pīhoihoi ʻoe a i ʻole me ka makaʻala kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻonui i kāu mau haumana, ʻoiai kekahi e hoʻoliʻiliʻi.

I nā mākua, ana nā haumana maʻamau i waena o ka mālamalama mālamalama. I ka pouli, ana pinepine lākou ma waena o 4 a me 8 mau mile.

He aha nā kumu maʻamau o nā haumāna kiko?

ʻO kekahi o nā kumu kūpono e loaʻa ai i kekahi paha nā haumāna ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau ʻeha narcotic a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe i ka ʻohana opioid, e like me:

• codeine
• fentanyl
• hydrocodone
• ʻoxycodone
• morphine
• methadone
• heroin

ʻO nā kumu kūpono ʻē aʻe o nā haumāna kiko.

• Kahe mai ke kīʻaha koko i ka lolo (intracerebral hemorrhage): Ke kahe kiʻekiʻe o ke koko kiʻekiʻe (hypertension) ke kumu maʻamau o kēia.
• ʻO Horner Syndrome (Horner-Bernard Syndrome a i ʻole oculosympathetic palsy): He hui kēia o nā ʻōuli i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi pilikia ma ke ala nerve ma waena o ka lolo a me kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka maka. ʻO kahi hahau, kahi tumo, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeha o ke kuamoʻo e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi Horner. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke kumu.
• ʻO ka uveitis mua, a i ʻole ka mumū o ka papa waena o ka maka: Ma muli paha o ka ʻeha o ka maka a i ʻole ke kū ʻana o kahi mea ʻē i ka maka. ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e laʻa me ka rheumatoid arthritis, mumps, a me rubella. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke kumu.
• Hōʻike i nā ʻenekini nerve kemika e like me sarin, soman, tabun, a me VX: ʻAʻole kēia nā mea kūlohelohe. Hana ʻia lākou no ke kaua kemika. Hiki i nā insecticides ke kumu i nā haumāna kikoʻī.
• ʻO kekahi mau kulu maka i kuhikuhi ʻia, e like me pilocarpine, carbachol, echothiophate, demecarium, a me epinephrine, hiki ke hoʻokumu i nā haumāna kikoʻī.

ʻO nā kumu maʻamau ʻole ka:

• kekahi mau lāʻau, e like me ka clonidine no ke kahe o ke koko, lomotil no ka maʻi diarrhea, a me nā phenothiazines no kekahi ʻano psychiatric e like me schizophrenia
• nā lāʻau lapaʻau kīnā ʻole e like me ka huaʻā
• neurosyphilis
• hiamoe loa

Nā ʻōuli e pili pū ana me nā haumāna kiko

ʻO nā pinpoint pupils kahi hōʻailona, ​​ʻaʻole maʻi. Hiki ke hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona me ke kuhi e pili ana i ke kumu o ka pilikia.

Inā ʻoe e lawe i nā opioids, ʻike paha ʻoe:

• hiamoe
• nausea a me ka luaʻi
• huikau paha ʻole o ka makaʻala
• hoʻohoka
• paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana

E hilinaʻi nā ʻōuli i ka nui o nā lāʻau āu e lawe ai a i ka manawa hea ʻoe e lawe ai. I ka wā lōʻihi, hiki i ka hoʻohana opioid ke hōʻemi i ka hana māmā. ʻO nā hōʻailona e hoʻokau ʻia ana ʻoe i nā opioids me:

• ʻiʻini nui no ka ʻoi aku o ka lāʻau
• pono i kahi mahele lāʻau nui aʻe e hoʻokō i ka hopena i makemake ʻia
• ka pilikia ma ka home, ma ka hana, a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia kālā ma muli o ka hoʻohana lāʻau

Hiki i ka hemorrhage intracerebral ke kumu i ka ʻeha nui o ka poʻo, ka piko, a me ka luaʻi, a e ukali ʻia paha e ka nalowale o ka ʻike.

Inā pili kāu mau haumāna kikoʻī i ka Horner Syndrome, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi eyelid luhi a hoʻemi ʻia ka hou ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o kou alo. ʻO nā pēpē me Horner Syndrome paha kekahi iris ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kala ma mua o kekahi.

ʻO nā hōʻailona hou aʻe o ka uveitis mua e pili ana i ka ʻulaʻula, ka mumū, ka ʻike maka ʻole, a me ka ʻike māmā.

Hiki i nā ʻākena nerve ke kumu i ka haehae, ka luaʻi, ka hopu ʻana, a me ke koma.

ʻO ka lāʻau make insecticide ke kumu o ka salivation, ka haehae ʻana, ka nui o ka urination, defecation, a me ka luaʻi.

Lapaʻau

ʻAʻohe mālama maʻamau no nā haumāna kikoʻī no ka mea ʻaʻole ia he maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o hoʻokahi. ʻO ke kuhi e alakaʻi i kāu mau koho lapaʻau.

I ka hanana o ka opioid overdose, hiki i nā limahana pilikia ke hoʻohana i ka lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo naloxone e hoʻohuli i nā hopena hoʻoweliweli o nā opioid. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka mea make, hiki i kāu kauka ke kōkua iā ʻoe e kū palekana.

I kekahi mau hihia, pono i ka hemorrhage intracerebral ke koi i ka ʻoki ʻana. E hoʻopili pū ka mālama ʻana i nā ana e mālama ai i kou kaomi koko.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi Horner. Maikaʻi paha inā hiki ke hoʻoholo a mālama ʻia ke kumu.

ʻO Corticosteroids a me nā hamo kumuhana ʻē aʻe nā ʻano maʻamau no ka uveitis mua. Pono paha nā kaʻina hana hou inā hoʻoholo ʻia ke kumu e lilo i maʻi maʻamau.

Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka lāʻau make insecticide me kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia pralidoxime (2-PAM).

Āhea ʻoe e ʻimi ai i kōkua?

Inā he mau haumāna kāu e ʻike ai no nā kumu ʻike ʻole, e ʻike i kāu kauka maka a i ʻole kauka kauka paha. ʻO ia wale nō ke ala e loaʻa ai kahi hōʻailona kūpono.

Hiki i kahi overdosis opioid ke make. ʻO kēia mau ʻōuli, kahi e hōʻike ai i kahi overdose, e koi ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pōpilikia.

• haikea ke helehelena a i ʻole clammy
• poni a polū nā manamana lima
• He palupalu ke kino
• luaʻi a kanikau paha
• lohi kuʻi ka naʻau
• hoʻolōʻihi i ka hanu a paʻakikī hoʻi i ka hanu ʻana
• nalowale o ka ʻike

He aha ka mea e kali ai i ka manawa o ka hōʻailona

Pehea kāu kauka e hoʻokokoke ai i ka hōʻailona e hilinaʻi ʻia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ke kiʻi nui aʻe. E mālama ʻia nā ʻōuli me nā ʻōuli a e alakaʻi i nā hoʻokolohua diagnostics.

Inā ʻoe e kipa aku i kahi kauka maka no ka mea ʻaʻole maʻamau kāu mau haumāna, e loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi hōʻike maka piha. E hoʻopili ia i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka haumāna i hiki i ke kauka ke nānā pono i loko o kou maka.

Inā ʻoe e kipa aku i kāu kauka, hiki i nā hoʻokolohua diagnostics ʻē aʻe ke komo pū.

• kiʻi resonance ʻume mākenēki (MRI)
• tomography kamepiula (CT)
• Nā kukuna X
• hoʻāʻo koko
• hoʻāʻo mimi
• loiloi kinoola

Outlook

Aia ka nānā i ke kumu a me ka lāʻau.

No kahi overdosis opioid, pehea kou maikaʻi a me ka lōʻihi e pili ai iā:

• ua hoʻomaha paha ʻoe i ka hanu ʻana a pehea kou lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka oxygen
• inā i hui ʻia nā opioids me nā mea ʻē aʻe a he aha kēlā mau mea
• inā ʻoe i kākoʻo i kahi ʻeha a i ʻole e hōʻeha mau i ka neurological a i ʻole ka hanu ʻana
• inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe
• inā hoʻomau ʻoe e lawe i nā opioids

Inā ua loaʻa ʻoe i kahi pilikia me ka hōʻino opioid a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaopopo i kāu kauka i kēia ke pono ʻoe i ka lāʻau, keu hoʻi no ka ʻeha. He pilikia koʻikoʻi ka hoʻowahāwahā e pono ai i ka wā lōʻihi.

ʻOkoʻa ka hoʻōla ʻia mai ka hemorrhage intracerebral mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka. Pili ka nui iā ʻoe i ka loaʻa koke o ka lāʻau a pehea ʻoe e kaohi ai i kou kaʻe koko.

Me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau ʻana, hiki i nā uveitis mua ke hōʻino mau i kou mau maka. Ke hiki i kahi maʻi maʻi, hiki i kahi uveitis mua kahi pilikia hou. Pane maikaʻi ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ka lāʻau.

Hiki ke make ka make ʻino ʻino inā ʻaʻole mālama maikaʻi ʻia. Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua ʻona ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea āu e ʻike ai, he mea nui e ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi lumi pilikia kokoke.