He aha ka raiki parboiled, a he olakino ia?

Anter

• He aha ka laiki parboiled?
• Hoʻohālikelike meaʻai
• Nā pono kūpono o ka raiki parboiled
• Hoʻonui i ke ʻano kuke a me ka mālama ʻana
• Hoʻololi o nā mea kanu mea kanu
• Ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā prebiotics
• Hiki paha ke hopena i ka kō kō
• Nā hopena hiki ʻole
• Ke laina lalo

ʻO ka raiki parboiled, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he laiki i hoʻohuli ʻia, ua hana mua ʻia i loko o kāna ʻāpana inedible ma mua o ka hana ʻia ʻana no ka ʻai ʻana.

I kekahi mau ʻāina ʻĀkia a me ʻApelika, ua pālahalaha ka poʻe i ka raiki mai ka wā kahiko mai no ka mea he maʻalahi ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻili me ka lima.

Ua lilo ka hana i mea ʻoi aku ka sophisticated a he ala maʻamau ia e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke ʻano, mālama, a me nā pono olakino o ka laiki.

Loiloi kēia ʻatikala i ka raiki parboiled, me kāna meaʻai, nā pono, a me nā downsides.

He aha ka laiki parboiled?

Hana ʻia ka parboiling ma mua o ka wili ʻia ʻana o ka laiki, ʻo ia ma mua o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o ka husk i waho e loaʻa ai ka laiki palaunu akā ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ʻana o ka laiki ʻeleʻele e hana i kahi laiki keʻokeʻo.

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu nui ʻekolu o ka parboiling ʻana (1,):

1. Pulu. Hoʻopulu ʻia ka laiki maka, unhusked, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka laiki paddy, i ka wai mehana e hoʻonui ai i ka wai o ka wai.
2. Māhuahi. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia ka raiki a hiki i ka wā e huli ai ke starch i gel. Kōkua pū ka wela o kēia hana i ka luku ʻana i nā koʻohune a me nā microbes ʻē aʻe.
3. Hoʻomaloʻo. Hoʻomaloʻo mālie ʻia ka laiki e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka momona o ka wai i hiki ke wili ʻia.

Hoʻololi ʻo Parboiling i ke kala o ka laiki i kahi melemele māmā a i ʻole amber, ʻokoʻa ia mai ka pale, keʻokeʻo o ka laiki mau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pouli e like me ka laiki brown (1).

ʻO kēia loli kala e pili ana i nā pigment e neʻe ana mai ka husk a bran i loko o ka starchy endosperm (ka puʻuwai o ka iʻa laiki), a me kahi ʻano browning e kū i ka parboiling (,).

Hoʻopulu ʻia ka raiki parboiled, hoʻomohala ʻia, a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i loko o kāna ʻili ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana akā ma mua o ka wili ʻana. Hoʻohuli ke kaʻina hana i ka laiki i ka melemele ma mua o ke keʻokeʻo.

Hoʻohālikelike meaʻai

I ka wā o ka parboiling ʻana, neʻe kekahi mau meaola i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai mai ka bran o ka ʻoka laiki i ka endosperm starchy. Hoʻoemi kēia i kekahi o nā nalo momona e hana maʻamau i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hana ʻana i ka raiki keʻokeʻo (1).

Eia pehea e like ai ka 5.5 auneke (155 gram) o ka raiki unenriched, kuke ʻia, parboiled i ka nui o ka raiki unenriched, kuke ʻia, keʻokeʻo a me ka palaoa. Hoʻohālikelike kēia ma kahi o 1 kīʻaha o ka raiki parboiled a keʻokeʻo a i ʻole kahi 3/4 kīʻaha laiki ʻeleʻele ():

ʻOi aku, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka thaiamine parboiled a me ka niacin ma mua o ka laiki keʻokeʻo. He mea nui kēia mau meaola no ka hana ʻana i ka ikehu. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka raiki parboiled i ka fiber a me ka protein (6, 7).

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo kekahi mau minelala, me ka magnesium a me ka zinc, i lalo iki i ka raiki parboiled, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka laiki keʻokeʻo a me ka palaoa maʻamau. ʻO kēlā, hiki i kēia mau waiwai ke ʻokoʻa ma muli o nā loli i ke kaʻina parboiling (1).

ʻO kekahi mau laiki parboiled a keʻokeʻo e hoʻonui ʻia i kekahi manawa me ka hao, thiamine, niacin, a me folate, kahi e hōʻemi ai i kekahi o kēia mau ʻokoʻa nutrient ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka laiki palaunu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka laiki ʻeleʻele ke kumu waiwai ʻoi loa o ka momona, ka nui.

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka raiki parboiled i nā wikamina B i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka raiki keʻokeʻo maʻamau ʻole. Loaʻa kēia i ke kaʻina parboiling, i ka manawa e hoʻohuli ʻia kekahi mau mea momona mai ka bran i ka endosperm starch. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka laiki ʻeleʻele ka mea momona loa.

Nā pono kūpono o ka raiki parboiled

Kūleʻa ka parboiling, ma muli o kāna hopena maikaʻi i ka kuke ʻana a me nā ʻano mālama o ka laiki. Hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e loaʻa paha iā ia nā pono olakino ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka waiwai nutritional.

Hoʻonui i ke ʻano kuke a me ka mālama ʻana

Hoʻoemi ka parboiling i ka laiki o ka laiki a hāʻawi mai ia i nā ʻulu fluffy a hoʻokaʻawale i ka manawa i kuke ʻia. Makemake nui ʻia kēia inā pono ʻoe e mālama i ka laiki mehana no kekahi manawa ma mua o ka lawelawe ʻana, a i ʻole inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻomaʻalili paha i ka raiki i koe a makemake ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka ʻōpala ().

Hoʻopili ʻia, hana ʻole ka parboiling i nā enzymes e wāwahi i ka momona i ka laiki. Kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka rancidity a me nā mea ʻono ʻole, e hoʻonui ana i ke ola ().

Hoʻololi o nā mea kanu mea kanu

Ke wili ʻia ka laiki palaoa palaoa a pau e hana i ka laiki keʻokeʻo, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka papa bran a me ka germ waiwai-aila. No laila, nalowale nā ​​mea kanu pono kūpono.

Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻopili ʻia ka raiki, kekahi o kēia mau mea kanu mea kanu, e like me nā phenolic acid me nā waiwai antioxidant, hoʻoili i ka endosperm starchy o ka ʻoka laiki, e hoʻemi ana i ka nalo i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Pale aku nā Antioxidant i ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kelepona ().

I loko o kahi 1 mau mahina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻiole me ka maʻi kō, ua loaʻa i ka raiki parboiled ke loaʻa he 127% ʻoi aku nā hui phenolic ma mua o ka laiki keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka mea hou aku, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka raiki parboiled ka pale ʻana i nā puʻupaʻa o nāʻiole i ka hōʻino ʻia mai nā radical free stable, ʻoiai ʻo ka laiki keʻokeʻo ʻaʻole ().

Eia nō naʻe, pono hou ʻia kahi noiʻi hou e ʻimi i nā mea kanu i nā raiki parboiled a me kā lākou keu pono ke olakino.

Ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā prebiotics

Ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka raiki ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ke kaʻina parboiling, e lilo ka starch i gel. Ke hoʻomaʻalili ia, retrogrades ia, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka paʻakikī o nā mole mole starch.

Hoʻokumu kēia hana o ka retrogradation i ka starch kūpale, kahi e kū ʻole ai i ka digestion ma kahi o ka wāwahi ʻia ʻana a komo i loko o kou ʻōpū liʻiliʻi (11).

Ke hiki i ka starch kūpale i kou ʻōpū nui, hānai ʻia ia e nā bacteria maikaʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo nā probiotics a paipai i ko lākou ulu. No laila, kapa ʻia ka starch kūpale he prebiotic ().

Paipai ka Prebiotics i ke olakino ʻōpū. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke hānai ʻia lākou e nā bacteria, hāʻawi lākou i nā waikawa momona momona pokole, me ka butyrate, e hānai ai i nā hunaola o kou ʻōpū nui ().

Hiki paha ke hopena i ka kō kō

ʻAʻole hiki i ka laiki parboiled ke hoʻāla i kāu kō kō e like me nā ʻano laiki ʻē aʻe. Pili paha kēia i kāna starch kūpale a me nā ʻike protein kiʻekiʻe aʻe ().

Ke ʻai ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2 e pili ana i 1 1/8 kīʻaha (185 gram) o ka laiki moʻa i hoʻomoʻa ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻokēʻai ʻana i ka pō, ʻo ko lākou hoʻonui ʻana i ke kō i ke kō he 35% ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ko lākou ʻai ʻana i ka nui o ka laiki keʻokeʻo maʻamau ().

I ke aʻo like, ʻaʻohe mea ʻokoʻa i ka hopena kō kō i ka nānā ʻia ma waena o ka raiki keʻokeʻo a me ka laiki mau, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hope loa he koho momona ().

Pēlā nō, i kahi noi ʻē aʻe i nā poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2, e ʻai ana ma kahi o 1 1/4 kīʻaha (195 gram) o ka raiki parboiled i kuke ʻia ma hope o ka pō e hoʻonui wikiwiki ana i ke kō kō 30% ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i ka nui o ka laiki keʻokeʻo maʻamau ().

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka laiki parboiled i hoʻoluʻu a laila hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻia e hōʻemi paha i ka hopena o ke kō kō (,).

Eia nō naʻe, pono hou ʻia nā noiʻi kanaka e ʻimi i ka pono kūpono o ka raiki parboiled no ke kaohi kō kō.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi diabetes a hoʻāʻo i kāu kō kō i ka home, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā iā ʻoe iho pehea ka ʻano o ka laiki i kāu mau pae. Hoʻohālikelike e hoʻohālikelike i ka nui o ka laiki a ʻai iā lākou i ke ala like e loaʻa ai ka hoʻohālikelike kūpono.

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka raiki parboiled i ka rancidity ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka laiki ʻeleʻele a me nā kuke i nā kernels i wehewehe pono ʻia ma mua o ka ʻōpala ʻana. Hāʻawi paha ia i nā mea kanu mea kanu, kākoʻo i ke olakino ʻōpū, a hoʻonui i ke kō i ke kō ma mua o ka laiki keʻokeʻo maʻamau.

Nā hopena hiki ʻole

ʻO ka lalo nui o ka laiki parboiled ka mea i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka momona ma mua o ka laiki palaunu.

He aha hou aʻe, kaukaʻi ʻia i kāu ʻano a me nā makemake ʻono, ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake i ka raiki parboiled. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka palupalu, hoʻopili a me ka māmā, ʻono leʻaleʻa o ka laiki keʻokeʻo, kūpaʻa a ʻono hoʻi me kahi ʻono ikaika iki - ʻoiai ʻaʻole ikaika e like me ka laiki ʻeleʻele ().

ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā chopsticks e ʻai ai i nā ʻano hua laiki o kēlā me kēia lā, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻōpuʻu kāpili o ka laiki keʻokeʻo maʻamau.

ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka laiki Parboiled e kuke ai. ʻOiai simmers laiki keʻokeʻo ma kahi o 15-20 mau minuke, lawe ʻia ka parboiled ma kahi o 25 mau minuke. Eia nō naʻe, ua emi kēia ma mua o nā minuke 45-50 e pono ai no ka laiki pala.

Ma waho aʻe o kāna ʻike momona i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka laiki palaunu, ʻo nā downsides ʻē aʻe o ka raiki parboiled ka ʻono a me ka ʻokoʻa ʻano, a me kahi manawa kuke ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka laiki keʻokeʻo maʻamau.

Ke laina lalo

ʻO ka laiki parboiled (hoʻololi ʻia) i hoʻomaka mua ʻia i loko o kāna ʻūhā, kahi e mālama ai i kekahi mau mea momona i nalowale i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Hiki ke pōmaikaʻi i ke olakino ʻōpū a hopena i ke kō i ke kō ma mua o ka laiki brown a keʻokeʻo paha.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ke olakino o ka raiki parboiled ma mua o ka laiki keʻokeʻo maʻamau, ʻo ka laiki palaunu ka mea koho momona loa.