Dysarthria: he aha ia, ʻano a me nā lāʻau

Anter

• Pehea e ʻike ai
• Nā ʻano o ka disarthria
• Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau

ʻO Dysarthria kahi maʻi haʻi, maʻa mau ʻia e kahi maʻi neurological, e like me ka hahau ʻana, ka maʻi lolo, ka maʻi ʻo Parkinson, myasthenia gravis a i ʻole amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, no ka laʻana.

ʻAʻole hiki i kahi kanaka me ka dysarthria ke haʻi a haʻi i nā huaʻōlelo maikaʻi ma muli o ka loli ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana no ke kamaʻilio ʻana, e pili ana i nā mākala o ka waha, ke alelo, ka larynx a i ʻole nā ​​kaula leo e hiki ai ke hoʻopilikia i ka kamaʻilio a me ka noho kaʻawale ʻana.

No ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi disarthria, he mea nui ka hana ʻana i ka hoʻoikaika kino hoʻoikaika kino a me ka ukali ʻana me ka mea haʻi ʻōlelo, ma ke ʻano he ʻano e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻōlelo a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kani i hoʻoili ʻia, a he mea nui nō hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo a mālama ke kauka i ke kumu o kēia loli.

Pehea e ʻike ai

I ka disarthria aia kahi loli i ka hana ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo, me nā paʻakikī i ka neʻe ʻana i ke alelo a i ʻole nā ​​mākala o ka maka, e hana ana i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli e like me ka lohi, slurr a i ʻole slurred ʻōlelo. I kekahi mau hihia ʻē aʻe, e hoʻoholomua ʻia ka ʻōlelo a mumbled paha, e like me ka haʻahaʻa a me ka hawanawana ʻana paha.

Eia hou, hiki i ka disarthria ke hele pū me nā hoʻololi neurological ʻē aʻe, e like me dysphagia, ka paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana i ka meaʻai, dyslalia, kahi hoʻololi o ka puana ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo, a i ʻole aphasia hoʻi, kahi hoʻololi i ka ʻōlelo a i ʻole ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo. Hoʻomaopopo i ka dyslalia a pehea e mālama ai.

Nā ʻano o ka disarthria

Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka dysarthria, a ʻokoʻa paha ko lākou ʻano e like me ka wahi a me ka nui o ka maʻi neurological a i ʻole ka maʻi e kumu ai ka pilikia. ʻO nā ʻano nui nā:

• ʻO Flacid dysarthria: he disarthria ia, e hua mai i kahi leo uʻi, me ka ikaika liʻiliʻi, ka ihu a me ka hoʻopuka kūpono ʻole o nā consonants. Hana ʻia ia i nā maʻi e hōʻino ai i ka neuron kaʻa haʻahaʻa, e like me myasthenia gravis a i ʻole bulal palalysis, no ka laʻana;
• ʻO Spastic dysarthria: hoʻonāukiuki pū kekahi ia i ka leo nasal, me nā consonants kūpono ʻole, ma ke ʻano o nā hua leo kekeʻe, e hoʻoulu ana i kahi leo "ʻoki ʻia". Hiki ke hele pū me ka spasticity a me nā reflexes abnormal o nā mākala helehelena. ʻOi pinepine i nā ʻeha i ke aʻalolo o ke kaʻa kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka ʻeha o ka lolo traumatic;
• Ataxic dysarthria: hiki i kēia dysarthria ke hana i kahi leo paʻakikī, me nā loli i ka intentation accent, me ka ʻōlelo lohi a me ka haʻalulu i nā lehelehe a me ke alelo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻōlelo a kekahi mea ʻona. Kū pinepine ia i nā hanana kahi e loaʻa ai nā hōʻeha e pili ana i ka cerebellum wahi;
• Hypokinetic dysarthria: aia kahi leo uʻi, hanu a haʻalulu, me ka pololei ʻole i ka ami, a aia kekahi hoʻololi i ka wikiwiki o ka ʻōlelo a me ka haʻalulu o ka lehelehe a me ke alelo. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā maʻi e hoʻololi i ka wahi o ka lolo i kapa ʻia ʻo basal ganglia, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma ka maʻi ʻo Parkinson;
• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi hyperkinetic: aia kahi kuhi hewa i ka haʻi ʻana i nā hua leo, e hoʻoulu ana i kahi leo ʻoʻoleʻa a me ke kahakaha ʻana i ka haʻi ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hihia o ka hōʻeha i ka ʻōnaehana nūhou extrapyramidal, pinepine i nā hihia o chorea a dystonia paha, no ka laʻana.
• ʻO ka disarthria hui: hōʻike ia i nā loli ʻano o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻano o ka disarthria, a hiki ke hana ʻia i nā hanana he nui, e like me sclerosis he nui, amylerophic lateral sclerosis a i ʻole traumatic lolo ʻeha, ʻo kahi laʻana.

E hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu o ka disarthria, e loiloi ka neurologist i nā ʻōuli, ka hoʻokolohua kino, a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana e like me ka tomography compute, ke kiʻi ʻana i ka resonance ʻumeʻume, ka electroencephalogram, ka lumbar puncture a me ke aʻo neuropsychological, no ka laʻana, e ʻike i nā loli nui e pili ana a i ʻole kumu. kēia hoʻololi i ka ʻōlelo.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau

Pili ka mālama ʻana i ke kumu a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka disarthria, a hiki i ke kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i nā ʻoki ʻana e hoʻoponopono i nā loli anatomical a i ʻole wehe i kahi tumo, a i ʻole hōʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā lāʻau e hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻōuli, e like me ka hihia o ka maʻi ʻo Parkinson.

Eia nō naʻe, hana ʻia ke ʻano nui o ka mālama ʻana me nā therapist rehabilitation, me nā ʻenehana hoʻōla ʻōlelo e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka leo, kaohi ai i ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻi ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo, hoʻoikaika i ka hanu a i ʻole nā ​​papahana ʻokoʻa o ka kamaʻilio. He mea nui ka hoʻoikaika kino hoʻoikaika kino e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka neʻe o ka iwi ā a kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā mākala o ka maka.