Mea Kākau: Judy Howell
Lā O Ka Hana: 26 Iulai 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 16 Nowemapa 2024
Anonim
E pili ana iā Nucleoside / Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) - Ola Kino
E pili ana iā Nucleoside / Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) - Ola Kino

Anter

Hōʻike Overview

Hoʻopuka ka HIV i nā hunaola ma loko o ka pale o ke kino. E pālahalaha, pono ka virus e komo i kēia mau hunaola a hana kope iā ia iho. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kope mai kēia mau hunaola a hoʻopili i nā hunaola ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla i ka maʻi HIV, akā hiki ke kāohi pinepine ʻia.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana me nā nucleoside / nucleotide huli transcriptase (NRTI) kahi ala e kōkua ai e hōʻoki i ka maʻi mai ke kope ʻana a kaohi ʻana i ka maʻi HIV. Eia nā NRTI, pehea lākou e hana ai, a me nā hopena ʻē aʻe hiki iā lākou ke kumu.

Pehea e hana ai ʻo HIV a me NRTI

ʻO nā NRTI kekahi o nā papa ʻeono o ka lāʻau antiretroviral i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi HIV. Hoʻopilikia nā lāʻau Antiretroviral me ka hiki o ka virus ke hoʻonui a hānau paha. E mālama i ka maʻi HIV, hana ka NRTI ma ka pale ʻana i kahi enzyme pono ʻo HIV e hana kope iā ia iho.

ʻO ka maʻamau, komo ka maʻi HIV i kekahi mau hunaola i loko o ke kino i ʻāpana o ka pale pale. Kapa ʻia kēia mau hunaola nā pūnaewele CD4, a i ʻole nā ​​pūnaewele T.

Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i nā hunaola CD4, hoʻomaka ke kope e kope iā ia iho. No ka hana pēlā, pono ia e kope i kāna RNA - ka makeup genetic o ka maʻi - i DNA. Kāhea ʻia kēia kaʻina hana transcription a koi i kahi ʻenemema i kapa ʻia ʻo transcriptase hoʻi.


Pale nā ​​NRTI i ka transcriptase huli o ka maʻi mai ke kope pono ʻana i kāna RNA i DNA. Me ka ʻole o DNA, hiki ʻole i ka HIV ke hana kope iā ia iho.

Loaʻa nā NRTI

I kēia manawa, ua ʻae ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ʻehiku mau NRTI no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV. Loaʻa kēia mau lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lāʻau a i nā hui like ʻole. Loaʻa kēia mau formulated:

  • zidovudine (Retrovir)
  • lamivudine (Epivir)
  • abacavir sulfate (Ziagen)
  • didanosine (Videx)
  • hoʻopanee-hoʻokuʻu didanosine (Videx EC)
  • stavudine (Zerit)
  • emtricitabine (Emtriva)
  • tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread)
  • lamivudine a me zidovudine (Combivir)
  • abacavir and lamivudine (Epzicom)
  • abacavir, zidovudine, a me lamivudine (Trizivir)
  • tenofovir disoproxil fumarate a me emtricitabine (Truvada)
  • tenofovir alafenamide a me emtricitabine (Descovy)

Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana

Hele mai kēia mau NRTI āpau e like me nā papa i lawe ʻia e ka waha.


Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine me ka NRTI i ka lawe ʻana i ʻelua mau NRTI a me hoʻokahi lāʻau mai kekahi papa like ʻole o nā lāʻau antiretroviral.

E koho kahi mea mālama ola i ka lāʻau e pili ana i nā hopena hōʻike e hāʻawi i ka ʻike nui e pili ana i ke kūlana kikoʻī o ke kanaka. Inā ua lawe kēlā kanaka i nā lāʻau antiretroviral ma mua, e hāʻawi ʻia kā lākou mea mālama ola i kēia i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i nā koho lapaʻau.

Ke hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa HIV, pono e lawe i ka lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā e like me ke aʻo. ʻO kēia ke ala nui nui e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i nā hihia o ka maʻi HIV. Hiki i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo aʻe ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana.

  • Lawe i ka lāʻau i ka manawa like i kēlā me kēia lā.
  • E hoʻohana i ka pahu pila o ka pule kēlā me nā compartments no kēlā me kēia lā o ka pule. Loaʻa kēia mau pahu i ka hapa nui o nā hale kūʻai lāʻau.
  • Hoʻohui i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau me kahi hana hana kēlā i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻohana kēia i kahi o ka hana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā.
  • E hoʻohana i kahi alemanaka e nānā i nā lā i lawe ʻia ai ka lāʻau.
  • E hoʻonoho i kahi hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo no ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau i ke kelepona a i ʻole ke kamepiula.
  • Hoʻoiho i kahi polokalamu manuahi hiki ke hāʻawi i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo ke hiki mai ka manawa e lawe i ka lāʻau. ʻO kahi ʻimi no nā "apps hoʻomanaʻo" e hāʻawi i nā koho he nui. Eia kekahi e hoʻāʻo.
  • E noi i kahi ʻohana a i ʻole hoa aloha e hāʻawi i nā hoʻomanaʻo no ka lawe i ka lāʻau.
  • Hoʻonohonoho e loaʻa nā leka uila a me nā hoʻomanaʻo leka ʻana iā ʻoe mai ka mea lawelawe olakino.

Nā hopena ʻē aʻe

Hiki i nā NRTI ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻOi aku ka hopena o kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke hoʻololi i nā poʻe like ʻole. Pili ka hopena o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka ʻāpana o nā lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e kā lākou mea mālama ola a he aha nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe a kēlā kanaka e lawe ai.


Ma ka laulaha, nā NRTI hou, e like me tenofovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, a me abacavir, e hoʻoemi i nā hopena ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā NRTI kahiko, e like me didanosine, stavudine, a me zidovudine.

Nā ʻano o nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Hele pinepine nā hopena ʻē aʻe me ka manawa. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke:

  • ʻeha poʻo
  • nausea
  • ka luaʻi
  • pāhoehoe
  • hoʻohuhū ʻōpū

Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau hopena ʻino. Hiki i nā hopena ākea ke hoʻopili pū i:

  • ʻāwīwī koʻikoʻi
  • hoʻemi i ka iwi iwi
  • maʻi maʻi puʻuwai hou a i ʻole worsened paha
  • heathatic steatosis (momona ake ake)
  • lipodystrophy (ka hāʻawi maʻamau o ka momona o ke kino)
  • hopena hopena ʻōnaehana, e like me ka hopohopo, huikau, kaumaha, a i ʻole puʻupuʻu
  • acidosis lactic

ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia mau ʻaoʻao, he mea nui e ʻike hiki iā lākou ke kū a kūkākūkā me lākou me kahi mea mālama ola. Hiki ke hōʻalo a kāohi ʻia paha kekahi mau hopena.

ʻO ka mea ʻike i kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi e hoʻokaʻaʻike koke aku i kā lākou kauka mālama ola e hoʻoholo inā e mālama mau lākou i ka lāʻau. ʻAʻole pono lākou e hōʻoki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau iā lākou iho.

Hiki ke ʻoluʻolu ka hana ʻana i nā hopena a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo ka hoʻokū ʻana i ka lāʻau e ʻae paha i ka maʻi virus e ulu kūʻē. ʻO ke kumu o kēia e pau paha ka hana ʻana o ka lāʻau i mea e pale aku ai i ka maʻi. Hiki paha i ka mea mālama ola ke hoʻololi i ka hui ʻana o nā lāʻau e hōʻemi i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

ʻIke o nā hopena ʻaoʻao

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena o ka hopena ma muli o ka mōʻaukala a me ka nohona o ke kanaka. Wahi a ka NIH, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena o kekahi mau hopena ʻino inā ke kanaka:

  • he wahine a he nui paha (ʻo ka makaʻu wale nō i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe no ka acidosis lactic)
  • lawe i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe
  • he kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe

Eia kekahi, hiki i ka waiʻona lama ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka hōʻino o ke ake. ʻO ke kanaka i loaʻa kekahi o kēia mau kumuhana pilikia e kamaʻilio i kā lākou kahu mālama ola ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā NRTI.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

ʻO nā NRTI kekahi o nā lāʻau i hiki ke mālama i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV. No kēia mau lāʻau nui, hoʻopuka nā mana hou i nā hopena ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka hopena ma mua o nā mana o mua, akā hiki ke hana ʻia kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao no kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau.

He mea nui ia no ka poʻe nāna nā kauka lawelawe i kuhikuhi i nā NRTI e pili i kā lākou papa hana e mālama i ka maʻi HIV. Inā loaʻa iā lākou nā hopena mai ka antiretroviral therapy, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻāʻo i kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻēmi ʻana i kēlā mau hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka mea nui aku, hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio me kā lākou kahu mālama ola, ka mea hiki ke hāʻawi i nā manaʻo a i ʻole hoʻololi i kā lākou papa hana e kōkua ai i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

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