Thyroid nodule: he aha ia, nā ʻōuli a me nā lāʻau
Anter
- ʻO nā ʻōuli uila thyroid
- He aha nā hoʻāʻo e hana ai
- ʻO nā hōʻailona he maʻi maʻi paha ka puʻupuʻu
- Nā ʻano o ka nodule thyroid
- Pehea e mālama ai i ka nodule thyroid
- He aha nā kumu o ka nodule thyroid
- Pehea ka thyroid nodule i ka hāpai ʻana
He puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ka thyroid nodule e kū aʻe i ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī a maʻa mau ke ʻano a ʻaʻole ia he kumu no ka hopohopo a me ka pono no ka mālama ʻana, keu hoʻi i ka poʻe ʻelemākule. Eia naʻe, paipai mau ʻia e loiloi ʻia kekahi nodule e kahi endocrinologist a i ʻole ka loio i mea e noiʻi ai i ke kumu.
No laila, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua he nui e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi a i ʻole nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻino e hōʻoia ʻia, e koi ana i nā hoʻokolohua kikoʻī e hana i ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau kūpono. E ʻike i nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid.
ʻO nā ʻōuli uila thyroid
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā nodule i ka thyroid ʻaʻole kumu o nā ʻōuli, e ʻike ʻia e ke alo o kahi 'puʻupuʻu' i ka ʻāʻī. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau hihia, hiki i nā nodule thyroid ke hana i nā ʻōuli e like me:
- Eha ka 'ā'ī;
- Pehu o ka ʻāʻī;
- Hīnaʻi paʻakikī a ale paha;
- Ka hōʻemi kaumaha me ke kumu ʻole;
- Nā haʻalulu a me ka hopohopo;
- Hoʻonani a nalowale paha o ka leo.
Ke kānalua ʻia ka hiki ʻana o kahi nodule thyroid, koi ʻia e nīnau i kahi loio ākea a i ʻole endocrinologist no nā hoʻokolohua.
He aha nā hoʻāʻo e hana ai
ʻO ke kuhi o ka thyroid nodule i hana ʻia e ke kauka ma o ka nānā kino ʻana ma o ka palpation ʻana o ka ʻāʻī. Ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana, noi ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua, e like me TSH, T3, T4, anti-TPO a me ka calcitonin, a me nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi, e like me ka ultrasound a me ka thyroid scintigraphy.
Mai nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua i noi ʻia, hiki i ke kauka ke noi i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka Fine Needle Aspiration Punchure (FNAP), kahi i lawe ʻia ai kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka nodule a hoʻouna ʻia i ka hale hana no ka loiloi a me ka hōʻoia maikaʻi. ʻIke i nā hoʻokolohua e loiloi i ka thyroid.
ʻO nā hōʻailona he maʻi maʻi paha ka puʻupuʻu
ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana he malignant paha ka puʻupuʻu a he maʻi ʻaʻa ia i ka wā:
- ʻO nodule paʻakikī me ka ulu wikiwiki:
- Makahiki ma lalo o 20 a ʻoi paha 60 mau makahiki;
- He mau kihi kaulike ko ka nodule;
- Aia nā hoʻololi i ka leo e like me ke kani a i ʻole ka lōlō o nā kaula leo;
- Nā hihia ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid i ka ʻohana;
- Ua loaʻa i ke kanaka ka radiation radiation ma ke poʻo o ka poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī.
Aia kekahi mau noiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka nui o ka TSH e hōʻike nei hiki ke hōʻino ka nodule, eia nō naʻe he nui ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid ʻaʻole i loli i nā hoʻokolohua koko a i ʻole biopsy, ke ʻike wale nei ma hope o ke kālailai ʻana ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ka nodule.
Ke loaʻa i kahi kanaka wale nō he 1 nodule a i 1 knm ke anawaena, inā ʻaʻole malignant ia, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kauka ke hōʻike i kekahi ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, e hōʻike wale ana i ka hana o ka ultrasound thyroid a me nā hoʻokolohua koko.
Nā ʻano o ka nodule thyroid
Ke kuhikuhi nei i kahi nodule i loko o ka thyroid, pono e loiloi i kāna hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā Doppler ultrasonography e hoʻoholo ai inā he ʻano maikaʻi, ʻino a he aha nā hana therapeutic e lawe ai. Hiki ke hana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana:
| Wahi a Lagalla et al | Wahi a Chammas et al |
| ʻAno I: Loaʻa ʻole o ka vascularization | Palena I: Loaʻa ʻole o ka vascularization |
| ʻAno II: Perasodular vascularization | Maʻamau II: ʻO ka vascularization peripheral wale nō |
| ʻAno III: Peri a me ka vascularization intranodular | Koo III: ʻO ka vascularization peripheral ʻoi aku a i ʻole kūlike i ke kikowaena |
| --- | Maʻamau IV: ʻO ka vascularization kikowaena ma mua o ka peripheral |
| --- | Koo V: ʻO ka vascularization kikowaena wale nō |
Hiki i ka endocrinologist ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka nodule thyroid e like me:
- Hypoechogenic: ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui ma mua o ka iwi a, no laila, piha paha ka nodule i ka wai a i ʻole ka ea;
- Isoechogenic: ka nuipaʻa paʻa me ke kiʻekiʻena like me ka iwi a me ka mea maʻamau he ʻano pōʻai kona;
- Hyperechogenic: nuipa a me ke kiʻiona ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka iwi, kahi e kuhikuhi ai i kahi nodule thyroid me ka helu ʻana.
ʻO nā Nodule me ka vascularization kikowaena e lilo i mau tumors hōʻino.
Pehea e mālama ai i ka nodule thyroid
Hoʻohana wale ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke loaʻa i ke kanaka nā ʻōuli, ke loaʻa ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid a i ʻole ke nodule ma mua o 3 cm. ʻO nā hana i hoʻohana ʻia me:
- ʻOki kino: hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā nodule i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 knm a ma nā hihia o ka nodule malignant e hoʻoneʻe i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, akā hiki nō ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā nodule benign ke hana lākou i ka paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana a me ka ale ʻana, no ka mea nui loa lākou. E aʻo i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ke ʻoki e wehe i ka nodule thyroid.
- Nā Lapaʻau ʻo Levothyroxine, e like me Synthroid a i ʻole Levoid: hoʻohana ʻia i ka hihia o nā nodule e hoʻoulu i nā loli, e hoʻoulu ana i ka hypothyroidism.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me ke ʻoki, pono paha e hana i ka hakahaka a me ke kūkākūkā mau ʻana, ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻelua mau makahiki i ka makahiki, ma ka endocrinologist.
E ʻike pehea e pale ai a mālama i nā pilikia thyroid i kēia wikiō aʻe:
He aha nā kumu o ka nodule thyroid
ʻAʻole i ʻike piha ʻia nā kumu, akā ʻike ʻia ʻo ka wahine ka nui o ka hopena a ʻo ka poʻe i loaʻa ka poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka ʻohana me ka nodule thyroid e hoʻomohala i nā nodule e like me kēia.
Pehea ka thyroid nodule i ka hāpai ʻana
ʻO ka wahine he puʻupuʻu kāna i kēia gland ʻaʻohe mea paʻakikī e hāpai ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ke kū nei kahi puʻupuʻu i loko o ka thyroid i ka wā hāpai hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hana o nā hormones a, inā kū kēia, pono ka wahine hāpai i nā lāʻau e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana o ka thyroid, ka pale ʻana i ka pēpē mai ka hānau ʻana me ka lohi. hoʻomohala kino a noʻonoʻo paha, no ka laʻana.
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